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Maintenance planning and control should prioritize predictive techniques (e.g., vibration analysis on critical components such as belt conveyors and idlers) for addressing the low reliability of bulk transportation systems. The extensive length of the belt conveyor hampers manual inspections and machine learning based on vibration measurements becomes an effective method for fault diagnosis. Models that classify faults, such as Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), offer flexible algorithms that optimize decision tree classification through gradient-based techniques for minimizing predictive function errors. However, in case of non-stationary and nonlinear vibration signals, traditional techniques like Fourier Transform can hinder vibration analysis. Methods such as Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) have emerged as an alternative to improve defect detection by extracting energy from signal frequency bands. This paper proposes a combination of WPD and GBDT for feature extraction and classification, respectively, for diagnosing two different failure modes in laboratory belt conveyor idlers, namely, bearing faults and surface wear. GBDT hyperparameters were well-fitted from 21 boosting stages, corroborating the high flexibility of the classification algorithm applied for less robust datasets. Furthermore, GBDT models achieved diagnosis accuracies of 100% for bearing defects and 97.5% for surface wear, showing the effectiveness of the combination for fault identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a study to determine the ideal level of inclusion of soybean oil (SBOil) in the diet without affecting the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the carcass and meat of lambs in a feedlot system; therefore, determining the ideal level of inclusion. Forty male lambs (Santa Inês breed) were used. The initial body weight and age averaged 34.88 ± 3.19 kg and 5 months, respectively. Experimental units (lambs) were randomly distributed in 5 different diets: inclusion levels of SBOil: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 g/kg of dry matter (DM). The SOil inclusion reduced the DM intake (P < 0.001), Total digestible nutrients (P = 0.004), and crude protein (P < 0.001). Total weight gain (P < 0.001) decreased with the SBOil inclusion and subcutaneous fat thickness (P = 0.017) showed the same behaviour. The final body weight decreased by 42.9 g/kgDM until the inclusion level of 30 g/kgDM; from this level it was reduced by 145 g/kgDM. The hot and cold carcass weights (P = 0.013) decreased by 36.6 g/kgDM after including 30 g/kgDM of SBOil. Meat physicochemical composition was not altered (P > 0.05). Lower meat tenderness values ​​were obtained at the levels of 60 and 90 g/kgDM. The inclusion above 30 g/kgDM decreased meat tenderness. It is concluded that soybean oil should be included up to 30 g/kgDM in diets. It is important to note that with diets with 60% concentrate, SBOil levels greater than 30 g/kgDM promote yield losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) can be increased by various anthropogenic activities such as mining, fuel combustion, pesticide use, and urban development, which can alter the mechanisms determining their spatial variability in the environment. Determining natural concentrations, monitoring, and assessing potential ecological risks are essential in the management of pollution prevention policies and soil conservation in watersheds. The aim of this study was to determine HMs natural concentrations, establish quality reference values (QRVs), and evaluate pollution indices in a watershed-scale. Composite surface soil samples (n = 115) were collected from areas: native vegetation, pasture, perennial crops, urbanization, planted forest, annual crops, and desertification. The soil samples digestion followed the EPA 3051A, and metals determination in ICP-OES. The data were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman's correlation, multivariate clustering analysis and. geostatistics. The QRVs established (75th) for the Gurgueia River watershed in descending order were (mg kg−1): V (26.16) > Cr (18.06) > Pb (6.24) > Zn (3.86) > Cu (2.66) > Ni (1.45) > Co (0.57) > Mo (0.46) > Cd (0.07). The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn in types of land and management practices were significantly increased compared to those in natural vegetation. Overall, the watershed falls into the categories of minimal to moderate enrichment, moderate to considerable contamination, and low to moderate potential ecological risk, with Cd presenting elevated values. The percentages of polluted samples ranged from 14.3 to 82.5%, indicating the need for monitoring these areas to ensure environmental quality and food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptive tissue, capable of responding to different physiological and functional demands, even in situations that may cause instability. Objectives: To evaluate how partial calcaneal tendon (CT) injuries affect the remodeling and plasticity of the gastrocnemius muscle over time. Methods and results: The study was carried out with Wistar rats randomly divided into five groups. The control group comprised animals not subjected to partial CT damage. The remaining four groups were subjected to partial CT damage and were further categorized based on the time of euthanasia: 3, 14, 28, and 55 days after injury. The gastrocnemius muscle was collected and used for gene expression analysis, zymography, flow cytometry, and morphology. The calcaneal tendon was analyzed only to verify the presence of the partial injury. Results: The impact of partial CT injury on the gastrocnemius homeostasis, particularly on gene expression, was more pronounced in the 3-day group compared to the other groups, especially the control group. Cytokine profile and morphologic alterations occurred in the 55 days group when compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The data reported here suggest that partial injury can negatively affect intracellular signaling and degradation pathways, disturbing the muscular extracellular matrix regulatory mechanisms and communication with the tendon. However, skeletal muscle seems to mitigate these harmful effects in comparison with lesions that affect muscle and tendon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for water resources has resulted in environmental degradation and conflicting interests among diverse users. This research aimed to scrutinize the causes and repercussions of land use exploitation and degradation within the Samambaia River Basin (SRB), focusing on potential environmental impacts linked to the management of irrigated agriculture. The study encompassed the entire SRB. Adopting climatological data from 1981 to 2010, distinct dry and wet seasons in the SRB were delineated. A precise slope map has been produced based on an elevation dataset, while vegetation indices like the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) have been computed. Indices such as the Woody Vegetation Biomass Index (WVBI), Vegetation Vulnerability Index (VVI), and Land Vulnerability Index (LVI) were derived from the NDVI. The dataset underwent descriptive statistical analysis, incorporating adjustment and validation factors. The root mean square error (RMSE) values for the daily rainfall data were notably low (7.0711 and 7.9223 mm). The years 2015, 2016, and 2018 experienced heightened rainfall during the dry season, while 2015 and 2018 recorded significant rainfall in the wet season. NDWI ranged from − 0.41 to 0.24, with positive values indicating the presence of water bodies in the SRB. During the dry season, regions with denser vegetation are largely associated to areas with central pivot irrigation. The WVBI revealed intensified vegetation in the wet seasons of 2014 and 2019. The LVI during the dry season varied from moderate to very low, with limited high-risk areas predominantly along water body boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alongside the concerns of waste management, plastic production represents a future problem for managing greenhouse gas emissions. Advanced recycling and bio-based production are paramount to face this challenge. The sustainability of bio-based polyethylene (bioPE) depends on the feedstock, avoiding stress on natural resources. This work discusses Brazil's potential to meet future global bioPE demand by 2050, using sugarcane as feedstock and considering environmental sustainability for production expansion. From the assessed 35.6 Mha, 3.55 Mha would be exempt from trade-offs related to land use change (dLUC), biodiversity, and water availability. The scenario with the highest circularity efficiency would require 22.2 Mha to meet the global demand, which can be accommodated in areas with positive impacts in carbon stocks, neutral impacts in water availability, and medium impacts on biodiversity. Here, we show that dropping demand is essential to avoid trade-offs and help consolidate bioPE as a sustainable alternative for future net-zero strategies. Plastic pollution can be dealt with advanced recycling and bio-based production. Best-case scenario would require 22 Mha of sugarcane areas in Brazil to meet the 2050 global biopolyethylene demand. However, this may require ecosystem trade-offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Knee pain is a major cause of disability worldwide, particularly among the elderly. Current treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics, often lead to adverse effects. Krill oil is being explored as a potential alternative, however its efficacy in managing knee symptoms remains unclear. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched until May 2024 for studies comparing krill oil and placebo in knee pain patients. Endpoints included knee pain, stiffness, physical function, and lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol). A restricted maximum likelihood random-effects model with standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used. A trial sequential analysis was conducted to evaluate further research implications. Results: We included five trials with 700 patients using krill oil for knee pain. Results showed no significant difference between krill oil and placebo for knee pain, knee stiffness, and lipid profiles. However, krill oil demonstrated a significant small effect in improving knee physical function (SMD -0.24, 95% CI [-0.41; -0.08], I2 = 0%).Trial sequential analysis provided certainty that krill oil enhances knee physical function compared to placebo and indicated no improvement in knee pain, but the findings for knee stiffness need to be confirmed by further research. Conclusion: This study found that krill oil supplementation did not significantly improve knee pain, stiffness, or lipid profile, although it may help knee physical function. Based on these findings, krill oil supplementation is not yet justified for knee pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choloepus didactylus (two-toed sloth) is a Xenarthran mammal whose morphology has so far been little studied. Given the increasing number of sloths requiring clinical and surgical interventions, this lack of clarity regarding anatomical features and landmarks has had a negative impact on veterinary decision-making for this species. We therefore sought to describe the topography of the medullary cone (MC) of Choloepus didactylus in order to provide guidance to qualified professionals on the ideal access for locoregional anesthesia. In evaluating four specimens, radiographs and dissections revealed that Choloepus didactylus has three lumbar vertebrae and five sacral vertebrae. The lumbar intumescence is located between T14 and the cranial half of L2, the medullary cone is located between the caudal half of L2 and L3, with an average length of 2.26 cm, and the cauda equina extends from S1 to S5. Based on these anatomical findings, we propose that the lumbosacral region would be the most suitable target for epidural anesthesia in Choloepus didactylus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), species Paslahepevirus balayani, poses a global public health threat, especially in developing countries, by causing acute enterically transmitted hepatitis. HEV infects various mammalian hosts and belongs to the genus Paslahepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. While swine are recognized as the main hosts of HEV, rabbits, which can also be affected by swine HEV-3 related strains, serve as the primary reservoir for the distinct emerging and zoonotic HEV-3ra subtype. In Portugal, where the European wild rabbit is abundant, their role in HEV epidemiology remains unclear. The primary aim of the present research was to evaluate the circulation and the potential for HEV infection within these species. This study employed a molecular and longitudinal serological approach to investigate HEV in Portuguese rabbits. Among the 205 wild rabbits tested, a seroprevalence of 2.44% (95% CI: 0.80–5.60) was found, with no significant associations with age, sex, localization, or sampling dates. Seropositive animals were found in the south and center regions of the country. HEV RNA was not detected in 120 fecal samples, suggesting a natural, low level, and widespread viral circulation. The study underscores the need for further research to comprehend HEV dynamics in these species, which is crucial for assessing potential transmission risks to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to events related to the urbanization process, specimens of Saimiri collinsi are often referred to veterinarians specializing in the treatment of wild animals. With these professionals and the oral health of this species in mind, we evaluated the skull and the exact location of the infraorbital, mentual and mandibular foramens, with the aim of supporting the anesthetic block for dental procedures in Saimiri collinsi. The infraorbital foramen was located in the maxillary bone and was arranged with one on each side, except in one individual, with a pair in each antimer. The mentual foramen was located in the diastema between the canine tooth and the lateral incisor. The mandibular foramen was located medially on the ramus of the mandible, close to the mandibular incisure. The distances between the foramina and the main reference points, were greater in females than in males (p < 0.05). For access purposes, in the foramens investigated we suggest using a Gingival Needle 30G 21 mm Short, positioned externally at 15º to the maxillary bone to access the infraorbital foramen. Externally, perpendicular to the chin, in the diastema between the lower lateral incisor tooth and the canine tooth, to approach the mentual foramen, and ventral to the edge of the mandibular body, at a 90º angle, to access the mandibular foramen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Laundry is a frequent household activity, performed either manually or by washing machine. This process consumes chemical products (such as laundry detergent and fabric softener), electricity, and water. It is therefore important to understand the environmental impacts and costs associated with laundry. The goal of this paper was to assess its eco-efficiency based on the NBR ISO 14045:2014 standard. Methods: Primary data were collected from laundry detergent and fabric softener producers in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Secondary data were collected from patents, a chemical industry association, the government labeling program, and municipal water and electricity suppliers. The product system boundaries were cradle-to-consumer, and the impact categories were global warming, freshwater eutrophication, and land use. The product system value indicator was the washing costs from the consumer's perspective. The environmental and product system value indicators were related using the eco-efficiency formula which resulted in the process eco-efficiency profile. An uncertainty analysis was carried out to measure errors intrinsic to the data and the methods. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the influence of choices made during the study and to propose viable technical improvements. Results: The results showed that the most impactful processes in the three categories were electricity, wastewater treatment, and the chemical products (laundry detergent and fabric softener). In terms of product system value, the costs of water and sewage treatment had the highest contribution to the overall costs. It was not possible to identify the laundry eco-efficiency profile degree and to calculate the X factor, due to the lack of studies in this area. Greater uncertainties were found in the global warming category, due to its global scope, while freshwater eutrophication category has country-specific characterization factors. A new scenario was proposed to identify possible economically and environmentally feasible changes. However, it did not generate significant changes that would improve the eco-efficiency profile of the evaluated process. Conclusions: This work highlights the eco-efficiency importance as an environmental management tool to support business decision-making and to identify the environmental impacts of domestic activities. By the results, washers and laundry products manufacturers know which areas they should invest in research and development to reduce their products' impacts. For future studies, it is recommended to evaluate the use of a detergent that does not require fabric softener, such as those sold by the brands Biozgreen, TerpenOil, and Yvy in the Brazilian market, and a high-efficiency washer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Plaque psoriasis is commonly treated topically with glucocorticoids and vitamin D derivatives. However, potential side effects such as skin atrophy underscore the need for safe and effective alternative topical therapies. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada approved roflumilast 0.3% cream as an option for treating this disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of topical roflumilast 0.3% compared with vehicle for plaque psoriasis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to 1 May 2024, assessing the outcomes of Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) or body-IGA success (clear or almost clear status plus an at least 2-grade improvement from baseline), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)-50, PASI-75, PASI-90, intertriginous-IGA success (clear or almost clear status on the intertriginous-IGA plus an at least 2-grade improvement from baseline), and adverse events (AEs). Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager, R software, and RStudio. Heterogeneity was determined using the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. Results: Four RCTs were included, comprising a total of 1403 patients, of whom 885 (63.1%) received topical roflumilast 0.3% and 518 (36.9%) received vehicle. At week 8, the achievement of IGA or body-IGA success was significantly higher among those treated with topical roflumilast than in the vehicle group [relative risk (RR) 5.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.55–7.23; p < 0.01]. Similar findings were observed at week 8 for PASI-50 (RR 2.73; 95% CI 2.27–3.29; p < 0.01), PASI-75 (RR 4.48; 95% CI 2.26–8.89; p < 0.01), and PASI-90 (RR 5.61; 95% CI 2.57–12.25; p < 0.01). Corresponding outcomes were found at weeks 2, 4, and 6. Additionally, a higher percentage of patients treated with topical roflumilast 0.3% once daily achieved intertriginous-IGA success, compared with those receiving vehicle, at week 8 (71.9% versus 20.5%; RR 3.32; 95% CI 2.11–5.22; p < 0.01), with similar findings at weeks 2, 4, and 6. While a significant difference was observed in the overall incidence of AEs between the topical roflumilast and vehicle groups, there was no difference in treatment-related AEs, serious AEs, or AEs leading to study discontinuation. Conclusion: These findings support the superiority of topical roflumilast 0.3% over vehicle and suggest its use as a valuable asset for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Protocol registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42023456494. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water deficit resulting from climate variations limits the profitability and sustainability of sugarcane fields, making water supply through irrigation necessary to sustain the potential production of sugarcane. However, the water used for irrigation purposes must be properly managed, ensuring the conservation of water resources and the reduction of costs with the use of inputs and energy. Pulsed drip irrigation aims to support irrigation management, improving the efficient use of water and mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit. This study aims to evaluate the growth, productivity, and industrial yield of sugarcane cultivated under continuous and pulsed drip irrigation. A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Sugarcane Station of Carpina, in Carpina in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, from December 2020 to December 2021. The experimental arrangement was randomized blocks in a 2 x 5 factorial design, with two types of irrigation application (pulsed and continuous) and five irrigation levels (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc), with four replications. Pulsed drip irrigation increased the yield of stalks (9%) and sugar (21%) in the sugarcane crop and ethanol (17%) derived from sugar in the juice. Pulsed drip irrigation, when compared to continuous irrigation, improved the performance of sugarcane, providing a reduction in water consumption and increasing growth, stalk yield, sugar and predicted ethanol yield. Thus, based on this study, pulse irrigation is an efficient approach to irrigation management, contributing to the stability of sugarcane production while conserving water relative to continuous irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how weak countries deflect systemic pressure towards change and even succeed in preserving old institutions to their advantage. By expanding Goddard's theory of embedded revisionism to smaller powers, the study identifies strategies these states deploy to improve access and brokerage. We use the UN General Assembly Sponsorship Dataset to locate multilateral brokers and, after detecting Cuba's centrality in this arena, we proceed to a heuristic case study. Havana's maneuvers to offset its vulnerability during and after the Cold War reveal a mix of structural, institutional, and compulsory power. Specifically, its renewal of the Non-Aligned Movement even after the end of bipolarity, its maintenance of autocracy amidst the pressures for democratization, and later support of radicalized Latin American leaders provide insight regarding unexpected sources of network power available to a resilient rogue state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Para Powerlifting (PP) is the bench press with a single contest exercise. The rules require symmetry in lifting, but the natural tendency among humans is for asymmetry. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of speed, load intensity, and fatigue of a training session on symmetry, and analyze asymmetries of average speeds between the limbs after a training session. Methods: Twelve male PP athletes (age 28.58 ± 5.50 years, experience 4.53 ± 1.27 years, body mass 79.25 ± 18.82 kg, 1RM 150.42 ± 42.07 kg, 1RM/BM 1.94 ± 0.46), had their bench press lifts recorded and downloaded into the Kinovea software. Measures of central tendency, mean ± standard deviation (SD) and the Shapiro–Wilk test were performed. Results: There was a difference in repetition 2, in the dominant limb, between the moment before and after, however, our hypothesis that at higher intensities and in the concentric phase of the exercise it would cause velocity asymmetry between the limbs was not confirmed. Conclusion: It is important to observe the absolute data and carefully evaluate the statistical differences since asymmetries are observed in different sports and are not determinant in sports performance; thus, being acceptable up to a certain level and unfavorable when it exceeds this level, which is individual and intimate to the sports activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Resistance training (RT) induces muscle growth at varying rates across RT phases, and evidence suggests that the muscle-molecular responses to training bouts become refined or attenuated in the trained state. This study examined how proteolysis-related biomarkers and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling factors respond to a bout of RT in the untrained (UT) and trained (T) state. Methods: Participants (19 women and 19 men) underwent 10 weeks of RT. Biopsies of vastus lateralis were collected before and after (24 h) the first (UT) and last (T) sessions. Vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA) was assessed before and after the experimental period. Results: There were increases in muscle and type II fiber CSAs. In both the UT and T states, calpain activity was upregulated and calpain-1/-2 protein expression was downregulated from Pre to 24 h. Calpain-2 was higher in the T state. Proteasome activity and 20S proteasome protein expression were upregulated from Pre to 24 h in both the UT and T. However, proteasome activity levels were lower in the T state. The expression of poly-ubiquitinated proteins was unchanged. MMP activity was downregulated, and MMP-9 protein expression was elevated from Pre to 24 h in UT and T. Although MMP-14 protein expression was acutely unchanged, this marker was lower in T state. TIMP-1 protein levels were reduced Pre to 24 h in UT and T, while TIMP-2 protein levels were unchanged. Conclusion: Our results are the first to show that RT does not attenuate the acute-induced response of proteolysis and ECM remodeling-related biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is currently recognized as an emerging problem and a growing concern for public health in developed countries, with HEV infections mainly attributable to foodborne transmission of HEV-3. The zoonotic HEV genotype 3 infects a wide range of mammalian hosts, with swine considered as the primary host. This study investigates the occurrence of HEV among small ruminants in Portugal. The primary aim of the present research was to evaluate the circulation and the potential for HEV infection among sheep and goats. A total of 400 bile samples and 493 blood samples were collected from sheep and goats at a slaughterhouse in the center region of Portugal, between January 2022 and March 2023. The HEV RNA detection in bile samples was performed using a nested broad-spectrum RT-PCR targeting the ORF1 region. Serological analysis to detect anti-HEV antibodies was conducted using a commercial double-antigen sandwich multi-species ELISA. The HEV RNA was not detected in any bile samples using the nested broad-spectrum RT-PCR. Serological analysis revealed an overall HEV antibody seroprevalence of 2% (10/493, 95% CI: 0.98–3.70) among the small ruminants, namely 2.2% in goats and 2.0% in sheep. Curiously, no statistically significant association among the factors, age, sex and species and HEV seroprevalence was observed. Although HEV RNA was not detected in the bile of sheep and goats, this study the evidence of seroprevalence in these small ruminant species. Further research could provide additional insights into the factors influencing HEV transmission dynamics in small ruminants in Portugal and its potential implications for public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with Hemophilia are continually monitored at treatment centers to avoid and control bleeding episodes. This study estimated the direct and indirect costs per patient with hemophilia A in Brazil and evaluated the cost variability across different age groups. Methods: A prospective observational research was conducted with retrospective data collection of patients assisted at three referral blood centers in Brazil. Time-driven Activity-based Costing method was used to analyze direct costs, while indirect costs were estimated based on interviews with family and caregivers. Cost per patient was analyzed according to age categories, stratified into 3 groups (0–11;12–18 or older than 19 years old). The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to confirm the differences in costs across groups. Results: Data from 140 hemophilia A patients were analyzed; 53 were 0–11 years, 29 were 12–18 years, and the remaining were older than 19 years. The median cost per patient per year was R$450,831 (IQR R$219,842; R$785,149; $174,566), being possible to confirm age as a cost driver: older patients had higher costs than younger's (p = 0.001; median cost: 0–11 yrs R$299,320; 12–18 yrs R$521,936; ≥19 yrs R$718,969). Conclusion: This study is innovative in providing cost information for hemophilia A using a microcosting technique. The variation in costs across patient age groups can sustain more accurate health policies driven to increase access to cutting-edge technologies and reduce the burden of the disease. Highlights: This study provides cost data, measured with microcosting methodology, for Hemophilia A patients in an LMIC, demonstrating how costs are sensible to the patient's age. The results showed the importance of considering patients' clinical and demographic characteristics to establish adequate reimbursement policies driven to reduce the health impact of the disease, due to the cost variability observed. Brazil has one of the biggest hemophilia A populations, and based on the cost measured, the financial burden associated with this condition is estimated to be R$ 5,19 billion yearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability of irrigated agricultural systems depends on the water use efficiency based on management. The efficiency is reach first by an adequate estimation of crop water demand. However, the lack of weather data is a limitation to plan and estimation irrigation demand in Brazil. This way, the aim of this study was to investigate NASAPOWER gridded system as alternative source of weather data in Brazil. First, we tested how reliable are the meteorological variables between NASAPOWER and ground weather stations. Further, we calculated the maximum number of consecutive dry days within the crop cycle, and the irrigation demand through the soil-crop water balance for nine crops. The performance was investigated through coefficients of determination (r2), agreement (d) and normalized root mean square error (nRMSE). In general, air temperature and incoming solar radiation presented the best statistical metrics (r2 ~ 0.53–0.83; d ~ 0.84–0.94; and nRMSE ~ 8.61–23.5%), whereas the wind speed had the worst (r2 ~ 0.09; d ~ 0.53; and nRMSE ~ 93%). NASAPOWER figured as a valuable tool for determine the number of dry days and number of irrigation events during the crop cycle. Irrigation demand showed a good relation between NASAPOWER and ground weather station (r² = 0.79 and d = 0.94), but with nRMSE of 53%, due to a higher deviation when irrigation demand is above 200 mm cycle− 1. NASAPOWER showed potential as source of meteorological information for irrigation management for different cropping systems, where local adjustment could improve performances for crops with long cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of forest cover in urban landscapes alters the dynamics of spatial and food resources, challenging the maintenance of forest species, which may have their condition compromised. Dung beetles are sensitive to changes in vegetation structure and land use caused by human activities, processes that are intrinsically related to the establishment and development of cities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of landscape structure on the abundance and morphological characteristics of two species of dung beetle (Dichotomius boreus and Dichotomius quadrilobatus) that inhabit forested areas in urbanized landscapes in the Amazon region. We carried out the study in 38 landscapes located in six urban regions in the central region of the Amazon. We evaluated the effect of landscape structure, at the site and city scales, on beetle abundance, individual body size, and relative horn length of males. At the local scale, landscapes with greater forest cover showed greater abundance of dung beetles, as well as greater lengths of D. boreus horns. Cities with a greater amount of forest cover had larger individuals than those with less forest cover. We conclude that forested areas in urban landscapes are a key habitat for the maintenance of dung beetle populations with a strong relationship between the amount of forest cover in the landscape. The maintenance of healthy and abundant populations of beetles in urban Amazonian landscapes guarantees the persistence of ecosystem services provided by these organisms in urban ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to evaluate the physicochemical composition and mineral profile of cocoa honey from different cocoa varieties (CCN51, PS1319, SJ02, and Parazinho) found in Brazilian territory. The results indicated that the validation parameters of the minerals analyzed (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn, Ca, K, Mg, and Na) by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) were considered acceptable. Furthermore, cocoa honey was characterized as an acidic product, with low protein content and high amounts of soluble solids, sugars, and energy value. The presence of magnesium (132.08–198.16 mg Kg−1), high amounts of zinc (3.01–18.76 mg Kg−1), and low amounts of sodium (44.56–94.57 mg Kg−1) provide significant reasons to encourage increased consumption of cocoa honey as a nutritious source. According to multivariate analysis, there was a greater predominance of minerals in CCN51, PS1319, and SJ02 varieties. PS1319 was characterized by the presence of Al, Fe, and Ni, while other parameters (Zn, Sr, N, K, Mg, and Ca) discriminated CCN51 and SJ02 varieties. Thus, the obtained data enabled the delineation of a physicochemical and nutritional profile of cocoa honey based on cocoa variety. This characterization is crucial for enhancing cocoa honey and its potential future technological applications and incorporation into new products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coxiella burnetii is the etiologic agent of Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis. Cattle, sheep and goats are considered the main reservoirs of the disease. Transmission to humans occurs mainly through the inhalation of infectious aerosols from milk, faeces, urine, and birth products from infected ruminants. In this study, a 2-year longitudinal approach was performed to ascertain the excretion of C. burnetii in bulk tank milk samples of sheep from a mountain plateau in central Portugal, with sampling conducted during the years 2015 and 2016. From a total of 156 bulk tank milk samples tested by qPCR, only one showed to be positive for C. burnetii (1.28% [95%CI: 0.03–6.94]), from 2015, the first year of collection. Bidirectional sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of IS1111 transposase partial region confirmed the presence of C. burnetii DNA. The presence of C. burnetii in raw milk samples highlights the necessity for additional research to determine if raw milk is a potential source for human infection. Animal health surveillance and prevention measures against this zoonotic disease should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the literature on the consumption, street drug analysis, distribution, and main environmental impacts of illicit drugs in Brazil and analyzes the III National Survey on Drug Use by the Brazilian Population. The literature review is based on articles published in national and international journals between 2018 and 2023. This review consists of two analyses, the first of which addresses publications from the last 6 years on the monitoring of illicit drugs in Brazil and a second analysis based on the III National Survey on Drug Use that addresses the different possibilities of contact with drugs. The results revealed that the Southeast region of Brazil has the highest number of studies on the subject, especially in the state of São Paulo, while the North and Northeast regions have the lowest number of studies. The Midwest regions only have studies in the federal capital city, Brasília, while no studies were found in states bordering countries that produce illicit drugs, such as Paraguay and Bolivia. Analytical methods that use the concept of miniaturization, green chemistry, and the adoption of acceptance methods are frequent in most articles. Chemometric and statistical tools are widely used for the analysis, development, and conclusion of identification and quantification methods. Among the articles studied, there was a predominance in the analysis of cocaine metabolites and cannabis metabolites in the aquatic environment, where their concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 2000 ng L−1. Studies also reported bioaccumulation in marine biota with concentrations of up to 4.58 µg kg−1 for mussels and sediments, posing a risk to algae, crustaceans, and fish. Furthermore, the data show that the consumption of illicit drugs is increasing in Brazil, especially among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of 8-weeks of full versus split body resistance training (RT) on appetite and energy intake in non-obese untrained men. The participants were pair-matched based on their initial fat mass and then randomly allocated into one of two treatment groups: Full body (FB, n = 20), in which all muscle groups were trained in every session, or Split body (SB, n = 15), in which upper and lower muscle groups were trained alternated per session; both groups trained in non-consecutive days, three times per week with total number of sets performed equated between groups. Energy intake, body composition, and strength performance were evaluated at pre-training, and after 8-weeks of RT, as well as self-reported hunger, fullness, and desire to eat, that were assessed at fasted and feed states pre- and post-intervention. FB and SB resistance training increased fat-free mass (FFM) (p < 0.001); and FB induced greater maximal strength improvement (p = 0.027). At fasted state self-reported hunger increased, and fullness decreased, while in feed state desire to eat something fatty increased in both groups. Carbohydrate intake (p = 0.011) decreased in both groups. In conclusion, FB and SB training increased orexigenic drive (increasing hunger and decreasing fullness), however, total energy intake and fat mass did not change after 8-weeks of RT in non-obese untrained men. Registered under Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials no. RBR-3wkcvyw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a global challenge as microorganisms evolve to withstand the effects of antibiotics. In addition, the improper use of antibiotics significantly contributes to the AMR acceleration. Essential oils have garnered attention for their antimicrobial potential. Indeed, essential oils extracted from plants contain compounds that exhibit antibacterial activity, including against resistant microorganisms. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil (EO) extracted from Lippia grata and its combination with ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC 25923, ATCC 700698, and JKD6008). The plant material (leaves) was gathered in Mossoro, RN, and the EO was obtained using the hydrodistillation method with the Clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of the EO was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated by measuring biomass using crystal violet (CV) staining, viable cell counting, and analysis of preformed biofilms. In addition, the synergistic effects of the EO in combination with ampicillin were examined by scanning electron and confocal microscopy. The EO displayed a MIC value of 2.5 mg/mL against all tested S. aureus strains and an MBC only against S. aureus JKD6008 at 2.5 mg/mL. L. grata EO caused complete biofilm inhibition at concentrations ranging from 10 to 0.312 mg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 10 to 1.25 mg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 700698 and S. aureus JKD6008. In the viable cell quantification assay, there was a reduction in CFU ranging from 1.0 to 8.0 logs. The combination of EO with ampicillin exhibited a synergistic effect against all strains. Moreover, the combination showed a significantly inhibiting biofilm formation and eradicating preformed biofilms. Furthermore, the EO and ampicillin (individually and in combination) altered the cellular morphology of S. aureus cells. Regarding the mechanism, the results revealed that L. grata EO increased membrane permeability and caused significant membrane damage. Concerning the synergy mechanism, the results revealed that the combination of EO and ampicillin increases membrane permeability and causes considerable membrane damage, further inhibiting bacteria synergistically. The findings obtained here suggest that L. grata EO in combination with ampicillin could be a viable treatment option against S. aureus infections, including MRSA strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of freezing methods at -20 °C (S20) and − 80 °C (S80) and liquid nitrogen at -196 °C (S196) applied to aduzki bean starch previously gelatinized by heat-moisture (HMT). It is characterized in terms of particle size distribution, functional properties, in vitro digestibility, specific surface area and thermal and morphostructural properties. Higher freezing rates (S196: 1.21 °C/min) resulted in a medium particle size (21–27 μm) and increased starch solubility (4.13–4.71%) and specific surface area due to rapid ice crystal formation. Freezing conditions had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on starch digestibility, with the lowest glycemic index obtained for S20 (68.36). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the freezing temperature did not modify the starch's crystalline form (type A) and did not identify new functional groups. However, relative crystallinity (19.03–21.88%) and IR 1022/945 (0.82–0.91) were reduced compared to the control (23.06%, 0.95, respectively). Different surface damage caused by freezing, such as pores and roughness on the surface, induced by HMT and intensified by the freezing method, was observed. Finally, gelatinized adzuki bean starch frozen at -196 °C (S196) demonstrated high functionality for use in the development of frozen starch-based foods. By combining freezing with HMT, we introduce a novel approach to starch modification that offers potential benefits compared to traditional methods. Utilizing combined thermal pre-treatments allows for rapid modification of native starch without chemical reagents, thereby facilitating large-scale application due to process simplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: While mindfulness is influencing self-care theory and practice globally, intercultural studies on mindful self-care practices remain scant. The purpose of this study was to assess the intercultural measurement properties of each mindful self-care practice and discover the variation of mindfulness-related, self-care practices across regions of the globe. Method: Cross-sectional self-report and retrospective data were drawn from 16 studies spread across 102 nations (n = 7884). Rasch modeling of the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS) factors using R Studio was conducted to ascertain its measurement properties across thirteen global regions. The analysis employed the partial credit model (PCM) to investigate the different category thresholds for each item and accommodate the six-factor nature and multiple response options of the MSCS items. Results: Rasch modeling confirmed the reliability and validity of the MSCS' six factors across 13 distinct global regions. South America, East Asia, and Southeast Asia scored highest in mindful awareness, mindful relaxation, and self-compassion & purpose. North America placed fourth in mindful awareness and self-compassion & purpose. Traditional self-care practices captured in supportive relationships and supportive structure were more common than mindfulness-related factors. Physical care and mind-body practice had the least practice prevalence. Conclusions: The six-factor MSCS model captures human needs found in all nations, regions, and cultures of the world. The factors were both reliable and valid among culturally, ethnically, and occupationally varied samples. Overall, mindful self-care practice was most frequent in the Americas, and East and Southeast Asia. Mind–body practice was more common in the regions of South America, and East and South Asia. While there were expected variations in factor scores across regions providing discriminating validity, the Rasch results evinced intercultural and interethnic measurement stability. These findings affirmed that the MSCS concept and structure transcends cultures. Future research should investigate types of mind–body practice across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition from optical to digital observation requires an additional procedure in the pathology laboratory, the scanning of glass slides, leading to increased time and digital archive consumption. Thyroid surgical samples often carry the need to collect several tissue fragments that generate many slides to be scanned. This study evaluated the impact of using different inking colours for the surgical margin, section thickness, and glass slide type, in the consumption of time and archive. The series comprehended 40 nodules from 30 patients, including 34 benign nodules in follicular nodular disease, 1 NIFTP, and 5 papillary carcinomas. In 12 nodules, the dominant pattern was microfollicular/solid and in 28 it was macrofollicular. Scanning times/mm2 were longer in red-inked fragments in comparison to green (p = 0.04) and black ones (p = 0.024), and in blue-inked in comparison to green ones (p = 0.043). File sizes/mm2 were larger in red-inked fragments in comparison to green (p = 0.008) and black ones (p = 0.002). The dominant pattern microfollicular/solid was associated with bigger file size/mm2 in comparison with the macrofollicular one (p < 0.001). All scanner outputs increase significantly with the thickness of the section. All scanning outputs increase with the usage of adhesive glass slides in comparison to non-adhesive ones. Small interventions in thyroid sample management that can help optimizing the digital workflow include to prefer black and green inking colours for the surgical margins and 2 µm section in non-adhesive glass slides for increased efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for 2-orthogonal polynomial eigenfunctions, with respect to a third order differential operator that does not increase the degree of polynomials, was recently developed in [23] by means of a symbolic approach. This work allowed us to establish some impossible cases as also to present a few families of such 2-orthogonal polynomial sequences. In this paper, we apply the symbolic setup proposed in [23] in order to enlighten us about further 2-orthogonal polynomial solutions of this problem. Concerning a general family inhere described, it is also proved its Hahn-classical character. Additionally, some functional identities are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hypoglycemia constitutes a communication barrier between youth with type 1 diabetes, their family members and health professionals. A narrative tool may contribute to a more effective communication. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with six open-ended questions using narrative techniques collect and analyze (thematic and comparative analysis) different ways of "naming" the lived experience of hypoglycemia. Results: 103 participants, 40 with type 1 Diabetes aged 10–18 years (17 female), 63 relatives (40 female). Group 1 (G1), 10–14 years old (n = 21), Group 2 (G2), 15–18 years old (n = 19), Group 3 (G3) relatives, 30–59 years old. G3 was divided, G3.1: female (n = 42) and G3.2: male (n = 21). G1 and G2 presents greater attention to symptoms. G1 refers a greater need for help, G2 emphasizes autonomy. G2 and G3 describes better the medical protocol. G1 and G2 refer more topics such as "discomfort", "frustration", "obligation", "difficulty in verbalizing", G3 refers to "gilt", "fear" and "responsibility". G3.1 refer more "symptoms", "responsibility", "fault", "incapacity". Conclusions: A narrative tool enhances the singularity of a common experience, proving itself useful to adolescents, relatives, and healthcare professionals. Practice implications: In addition to gathering information that is usually acquired empirically, a narrative tool exposes knowledge gaps and may allow implementing intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research highlighted the need to include experimental estimates of tolerance limits to varying environmental conditions when investigating what factors limit species distributions. However, most niche approaches are only based on the statistical dependence between environmental and occurrence data. Here, we combined field data with survival experiments to assess the role of salinity as a limiting factor in the distribution of two species of exotic ostracods from the Iberian Peninsula. Vizcainocypria viator is a free-living species associated with rice fields and Ankylocythere sinuosa is a commensal of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Experiments and field data indicate that the distribution of V. viator is limited by adult survival at low and high salinities (below electrical conductivity of 0.6 mS/cm and above 10 mS/cm). In the case of A. sinuosa, the analysis of field data shows that its prevalence is negatively affected by high salinity, whereas experiments indicate an optimal survival at high salinities (conductivity above 10.2 mS/cm), thus suggesting that high salinity may impact A. sinuosa distribution indirectly through affecting host traits (e.g. reduced activity). The habitat of close ancestors (marine versus non-marine respectively for A. sinuosa and V. viator) most likely explains the contrasting differences in salinity tolerance between both ostracod species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A considerable number of women giving birth during COVID-19 pandemic reported being concerned about changes to their childbirth plans and experiences due to imposed restrictions. Research prior to the pandemic suggests that women may be more at risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) due to unmet expectations of their childbirth plans. Therefore, this study aimed to examine if the mismatch between women's planned birth and actual birth experiences during COVID-19 was associated with women's postpartum PTSS. Women in the postpartum period (up to 6 months after birth) across 11 countries reported on childbirth experiences, mental health, COVID-19-related factors, and PTSS (PTSD checklist DSM-5 version) using self-report questionnaires (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04595123). More than half (64%) of the 3532 postpartum women included in the analysis reported changes to their childbirth plans. All changes were significantly associated with PTSS scores. Participants with one and two changes to their childbirth plans had a 12% and 38% increase, respectively, in PTSS scores compared to those with no changes (Exp(β) = 1.12; 95% CI [1.06–1.19]; p < 0.001 and Exp(β) = 1.38; 95% CI [1.29–1.48]; p < 0.001). In addition, the effect of having one change in the childbirth plan on PTSS scores was stronger in primigravida than in multigravida (Exp(β) = 0.86; 95% CI [0.77–0.97]; p = 0.014). Changes to women's childbirth plans during the COVID-19 pandemic were common and associated with women's postpartum PTSS score. Developing health policies that protect women from the negative consequences of unexpected or unintended birth experiences is important for perinatal mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Persistent inward calcium and sodium currents (PICs) are crucial for initiation and maintenance of motoneuron firing, and thus muscular force. However, there is a lack of data describing the effects of fatiguing exercise on PIC activity in humans. We simultaneously applied tendon vibration and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (VibStim) before and after fatiguing exercise. VibStim induces self-sustained muscle activity that is proposed to result from PIC activation. Methods: Twelve men performed 5-s maximal isometric plantar flexor contractions (MVC) with 5-s rests until joint torque was reduced to 70%MVC. VibStim trials consisted of five 2-s trains of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (20 Hz, evoking 10% MVC) of triceps surae with simultaneous Achilles tendon vibration (115 Hz) without voluntary muscle activation. VibStim was applied before (PRE), immediately (POST), 5-min (POST-5), and 10-min (POST-10) after exercise completion. Results: Sustained torque (Tsust) and soleus electromyogram amplitudes (EMG) measured 3 s after VibStim were reduced (Tsust: −59.0%, p < 0.001; soleus EMG: −38.4%, p < 0.001) but largely recovered by POST-5, and changes in MVC and Tsust were correlated across the four time points (r = 0.69; p < 0.001). After normalisation to values obtained at the end of the vibration phase to control for changes in fibre-specific force and EMG signal characteristics, decreases in Tsust (−42.9%) and soleus EMG (−22.6%) remained significant and were each correlated with loss and recovery of MVC (r = 0.41 and 0.46, respectively). Conclusion: The parallel changes observed in evoked self-sustained muscle activity and force generation capacity provide motivation for future examinations on the potential influence of fatigue-induced PIC changes on motoneuron output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer vision research involving street and road detection methods usually focuses on driving assistance and autonomous vehicle systems. In this context, street segmentation occurs in real-time, based on images centered on the street. This work, on the other hand, uses street segmentation for urban planning research to classify pavement types of a city or region, which is particularly important for developing countries. For this application, it is needed a dataset with images from various locations for each street. These images are not necessarily centered on the street and include challenges that are not common in street segmentation datasets, such as mixed pavement types and the presence of faults and holes on the street. We implemented a multi-class version of a state-of-the-art segmentation algorithm and adapted it to perform street pavement classification, handling navigation along streets and angle variation to increase the accuracy of the classification. A data augmentation approach is also proposed to use preliminary results from the test instances as new ground truth and increase the amount of training data. A dataset with more than 300,000 images from 773 streets from a Brazilian city was built. Our approach achieved a precision of 0.93, showing the feasibility of the proposed application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines violence experienced by refugee women across three distinct (geographic and symbolic) stages and places: in their countries of origin, during the displacement journey, and in the country of asylum. Drawing from a criminological and gender perspective, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with refugee women, 14 women were from the Middle East, and 10 women were from Africa, currently residing in Portugal. This study focused on understanding the individual dimensions that provide insight into women's meanings, intersubjective constructions, and perceptions of their refugee process, using the narrative paradigm. Grounded theory and abduction approaches were used to focus on participants' active construction of meaning. The research highlights that individual memories of harm and suffering among refugee women are profoundly influenced by encounters with gendered, structural, and symbolic forms of violence. The article presents a three-part analysis of women's violence narratives, shedding light on their processes of becoming refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture is a prominent economic activity on the national scenario. However, it also has several environmental impacts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of non-self-compensating drippers operating with dilutions of aquaculture wastewater (AW) in well water (WA). For this, five dilutions were tested (D1: 100% AW; D2: 75% AW + 25% WA; D3: 50% AW + 50% WA; D4: 25% AW + 75% WA; and D5: 100% of WA), in three types of non-self-compensating emitters: TS (1.6 L h−1), SL (1.6 L h−1), and NJ (1.7 L h−1) after 160 h of operation. Every 80 h, the hydraulic performance of the three drippers was determined using the relative flow (QR) and distribution uniformity coefficient (DUC). The pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, CO32−, HCO3−, TC, TTC, TSS, TDS, Mn+, Fe+, S+, Na2+, LSI, tur, and temperature were also quantified. The statistical analyses performed were Pearson's correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and factor analysis (FA). After 160 h of operation, the drippers that were totally or partially clogged at the end of the lateral lines were removed to analyze biofilm formation using SEM. FA with the help of PCA explained 83.38% of data variance, and CA highlighted three similar groups between the dilutions of AW in WA. The images processed by SEM showed the extent of the occurrence of obstruction, especially in the regions close to the wall of the emitter labyrinth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro cellular models provide valuable insights into the adaptive biochemical mechanisms triggered by cells to cope with the stress situation induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation cycles. The first biological data generated in studies based on this micrometric life-scale has the potential to provide us a global overview about the main biochemical phenomena presented in some reported preconditioning therapies in life-scale of higher dimensions. Thus, in this study, a cell incubator was designed and manufactured to produce a cellular model of heart hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (HfR) through consecutive repetitions of hypoxia-normoxia gas exchange. Samples of cellular extracts and culture media were obtained from non-proliferative cardiomyocytes (CMs) cultivated under challenging HfR (stressed CMs) and regular cultivation (unstressed CMs) in rounds of four days for each case. Metabolomic based on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used as an analytical approach to identify and quantify the metabolomes of these samples, the endo- and exo-metabolome. Despite the stressed CMs presented over 90% higher cellular death rate compared to the unstressed CMs, the metabolic profiles indicates that the surviving cells up-regulate their amino acid metabolism either by active protein degradation or by the consumption of culture media components to increase coenzyme A-dependent metabolic pathways. This cell auto-regulation mechanism could be well characterized in the first two days when the difference smears off under once the metabolomes become similar. The metabolic adaptations of stressed CMs identified the relevance of the cyclic oxidation/reduction reactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate molecules, NADP+/NADPH, and the increased tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in an environment overloaded with such a powerful antioxidant agent to survive an extreme HfR challenge. Thus, the combination of cellular models based on CMs, investigative methods, such as metabolomic and 1H-MRS, and the instrumental development of hypoxia incubator shown in this work were able to provide the first biochemical evidences behind therapies of gaseous exchanges paving the way to future assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virus monitoring in small mammals is central to the design of epidemiological control strategies for rodent-borne zoonotic viruses. Synanthropic small mammals are versatile and may be potential carriers of several microbial agents. In the present work, a total of 330 fecal samples of small mammals were collected at two sites in the North of Portugal and screened for zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV, species Paslahepevirus balayani). Synanthropic small mammal samples (n = 40) were collected in a city park of Porto and belonged to the species Algerian mouse (Mus spretus) (n = 26) and to the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) (n = 14). Furthermore, additional samples were collected in the Northeast region of Portugal and included Algerian mouse (n = 48), greater white-toothed shrew (n = 47), wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) (n = 43), southwestern water vole (Arvicola sapidus) (n = 52), Cabrera's vole (Microtus cabrerae) (n = 49) and Lusitanian pine vole (Microtus lusitanicus) (n = 51). A nested RT-PCR targeting a part of open reading frame (ORF) 2 region of the HEV genome was used followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. HEV RNA was detected in one fecal sample (0.3%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01–1.68) from a synanthropic Algerian mouse that was genotyped as HEV-3, subgenotype 3e. This is the first study reporting the detection of HEV-3 in a synanthropic rodent, the Algerian mouse. The identified HEV isolate is probably the outcome of either a spill-over infection from domestic pigs or wild boars, or the result of passive viral transit through the intestinal tract. This finding reinforces the importance in the surveillance of novel potential hosts for HEV with a particular emphasis on synanthropic animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life-cycle of the parasitic forms of Halicephalobus gingivalis is yet to be fully understood. In cases where there is evidence to support the presence of eggs from this parasite or its DNA in the faeces of equines, a thorough investigation of the clinical status and gastro-intestinal tract of the affected animals is warranted, as well as detailed descriptions of the employed coprological technique. Since reports of the identification of H. gingivalis eggs in faeces are sparse, objective measurements and high-quality images must be provided, in order to ensure optimal criteria for classification. Regarding research concerning H. gingivalis, no piece of information should be regarded as superfluous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the determinants of bank profitability using a quantile regression approach, offering insights into factors affecting banks across different percentiles of profitability. Utilizing a comprehensive database from Orbis covering 1200 top-market institutions across 101 countries, the research uniquely employs dynamic panel quantile regression while addressing sample survival bias. Our findings highlight that bank size and capital adequacy negatively impact profitability, whereas market value exerts a positive influence on higher profitability banks. Credit risk affects profitability differently across levels of profitability, and inflation rate shows significance only for higher profitability banks. The study contributes to the existing literature by offering valuable insights into the factors determining bank profitability and how they behave at different percentiles in the sample, suggesting the importance of bank efficiency and competition in promoting economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Diabetes is a major public health challenge with widespread prevalence, often leading to complications such as Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)—a chronic condition that progressively impairs kidney function. In this context, it is important to evaluate if Machine learning models can exploit the inherent temporal factor in clinical data to predict the risk of developing DN faster and more accurately than current clinical models. Methods: Three different databases were used for this literature review: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Only articles written in English and published between January 2015 and December 2022 were included. Results: We included 11 studies, from which we discuss a number of algorithms capable of extracting knowledge from clinical data, incorporating dynamic aspects in patient assessment, and exploring their evolution over time. We also present a comparison of the different approaches, their performance, advantages, disadvantages, interpretation, and the value that the time factor can bring to a more successful prediction of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion: Our analysis showed that some studies ignored the temporal factor, while others partially exploited it. Greater use of the temporal aspect inherent in Electronic Health Records (EHR) data, together with the integration of omics data, could lead to the development of more reliable and powerful predictive models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portfolio optimisation is a core problem in quantitative finance and scenario generation techniques play a crucial role in simulating the future behaviour of the assets that can be used in allocation strategies. In the literature, there are different approaches to generating scenarios, from historical observations to models that predict the volatility of assets. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to generate one-day-ahead discrete scenarios, which are then used as input in choosing the portfolio that optimises the conditional value at risk (CVaR). Our approach uses machine learning supervised algorithms as forecasting models to predict the realized variance and intraday Kendall correlation of assets. With the predictions, we use an EVT-Copula approach to simulate the multivariate probability distribution of the assets. Our computational experiments suggest that our approach could produce more accurate volatility and correlation forecasts, and lower risk portfolios than traditional literature baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for double Higgs production in b b ¯ W + W − , where both W bosons decay to leptons, has been rehabilitated as a good option to investigate key processes within the Standard Model scalar sector at the LHC. The missing neutrinos, however, hinder the reconstruction of useful information like the Higgs pair mass, which is very sensitive to the trilinear Higgs self-coupling. We present a solution to that problem using a Variational Autoencoder for Regression (VAER) to reconstruct the Higgs and top pairs decays hh, t t ¯ → b b ¯ W + W − → b b ¯ ℓ + ℓ ′ − ν ℓ ν ¯ ℓ ′ . The algorithm predicts the invariant mass of non-resonant hh independently of specific trilinear coupling values, even for events where the Higgs self-coupling were not included during its training. VAER is also able to identify a new Higgs resonance in an unsupervised way, showing generalization power for events not presented in its training phase. Finally, we demonstrate that VAER prediction is as useful to statistical inference as ground truth simulated distributions by computing a χ2 between trilinear coupling hypotheses based on binned invariant mass distributions of b b ¯ ℓ + ℓ ′ − ν ℓ ν ¯ ℓ ′ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]