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Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms have been widely employed to solve data-driven optimization problems. However, for offline data-driven optimization, it is very challenging to perform evolutionary search efficiently as well as accurately since no new data is available during the optimization process. To mitigate this issue, a multifidelity surrogates-assisted multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MFSa-PSO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, two low-fidelity models with convergence and diversity characteristics separately and a high-fidelity model are constructed to assemble multifidelity surrogate models. Second, by adopting the knowledge transfer strategy, the multifidelity surrogates-assisted two-archive multi-objective particle swarm optimization is conducted to search optimal solutions more exactly and effectively. Third, the output solution set is achieved by associating the solutions of two archives with reference vectors. Finally, the proposed MFSa-PSO is compared with some popular surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms on benchmark problems to verify its effectiveness and outperformance. Additionally, a real-world application of the municipal solid waste incineration process is carried out to verify the engineering applicability of MFSa-PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor atriums have recently been applied with increasing frequency for natural illumination, but they produce a harsh thermal environment easily in summer. Moreover, overheating of the outdoor atrium necessitates air-conditioning to moderate indoor thermal comfort. Simultaneously, the substantial heat emissions from air-conditioning outdoor units worsen the outdoor thermal environment, creating a vicious cycle. Traditional passive evaporative methods involving water and greenery, while capable of regulating the thermal environment, suffer from low evaporative efficiency and pose significant challenges. To improve thermal environment in outdoor atriums, the spray system was employed due to its high cooling efficiency, especially in open or semi-open spaces. In this study, a comparative experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using a spray system for evaporative cooling in open outdoor spaces. Furthermore, employing high-efficiency evaporative cooling through spraying to disrupt the vicious cycle of indoor and outdoor thermal environments. The dual goals include regulating indoor and outdoor thermal conditions while also mitigating the local heat island effect. Temperature and humidity distribution within the atrium and adjacent hallways were monitored, along with the impact on air-conditioning operation consumption in neighboring offices. Results showed that the spray system significantly improved the thermal environment in the outdoor atrium, reducing the average and peak air temperatures by 0.94–2.83 °C and 2.92–5.21 °C, respectively. It also resulted in a drop in the average temperature by 0.56–1.62 °C and the peak temperature by 2.31–3.25 °C in adjacent hallways. This effectively eased the issue of overheating in these areas while raising the comfort level in adjacent office spaces. The predicted mean vote decreased from 1.46 to 0.87, indicating a significant improvement in thermal environment in neighboring offices. Furthermore, the daily energy consumption was reduced by 10.6–12.4% in neighboring offices. This study provided the valuable guidance for improving thermal environments within outdoor atrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid the escalating global climatic challenges, hydrological risks significantly influence human settlement patterns, underscoring the imperative for an in-depth comprehension of hydrological change's ramifications on human migration. However, predominant research has been circumscribed to the national level. The study delves into the nonlinear effects of hydrological risks on migration dynamics in 46,776 global subnational units. Meanwhile, leveraging remote sensing, we procured globally consistent metrics of hydrological intrusion exposure, offering a holistic risk assessment encompassing hazard, exposure, and vulnerability dimensions, thus complementing previous work. Here, we show that exposure is the primary migration driver, surpassing socioeconomic factors. Surrounding disparities further intensified exposure's impact. Vulnerable groups, especially the economically disadvantaged and elderly, tend to remain in high-risk areas, with the former predominantly migrating within proximate vicinities. The nonlinear analysis delineates an S-shaped trajectory for hydrological exposure, transitioning from resistance to migration and culminating in entrapment, revealing dependence on settlement resilience and adaptability. Hydrological risks drive migration more than socioeconomic factors. Vulnerable groups often stay in high-risk areas or migrate nearby. The study reveals an S-shaped migration pattern influenced by settlement resilience and adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jujube is one of the important members of the Rhamnaceae family, which has high economic and nutritional value. The automatic classification of jujube varieties is of great importance for the development of the jujube industry. The task of jujube variety classification based on image data belongs to fine-grained visual classification, which is relatively more difficult. Recently, some deep learning approaches have been available, but capabilities remain limited. In this paper, we present a fine-grained classification model for jujube varieties, named JLN. It is based on MobileNetV3 and multi-task learning. JLN performs shape classification and fine-grained classification simultaneously through a multitask framework and learn more phenotypic differences among different varieties by mining the relationship between the two tasks. In order to further improve the classification performance of JLN, we let the fine-grained features involved in the task of shape classification but prohibited this process in the model's backward passing stage. Finally, we used Reduce Focal Loss to train the shape classification task and jointly optimize the variety classification task through Arcface and Softmax Loss. To further facilitate the study, we established an image dataset of 20 jujube varieties and divided them into 7 categories according to their shapes under the advice of experts. The proposed method achieves 91.79% accuracy on the jujube variety data, and the number of model parameters is only 3.56 M, which is better than the other four models. The experimental results show that the method is more suitable for jujube variety classification tasks in the natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been the most famous differentiation induction therapy during which the expression of PU.1, a key transcription factor (TF) for myeloid lineage determination in normal hematopoiesis is restored. In our previous studies, we found a stress-inducible H3K27 demethylase, JMJD3, to directly upregulate PU.1 expression to promote myeloid commitment during normal myelopoiesis. In addition, JMJD3 acts as an oncorepressor and plays a critical regulatory role in the initiation and progression of malignant hematopoiesis. In this study, we further resolved the relationship between JMJD3 and PU.1 in APL therein JMJD3 exerts oncorepressor activity via promoting PU.1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the large uncertainty in the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process, the furnace temperature of the MSWI process is difficult to control and the controller is updated frequently. To improve the accuracy and reduce the number of controller updates, a novel event-triggered control method based correntropy self-organizing TS fuzzy neural network (ET-CSTSFNN) is proposed. Firstly, the neurons of the rule layer are grown or pruned adaptively based on activation intensity and control error to meet the dynamic change of the actual operating condition. Meanwhile, the performance index is designed based on the correntropy of tracking errors, and the parameters of the controller are adjusted by gradient descent algorithm. Secondly, a fixed threshold event-triggered condition is designed to determine whether the current controller is updated or not. The stability of the control system is proved based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the furnace temperature control experiments are conducted based on the actual data of a municipal solid waste incineration plant in Beijing. The experimental results show that the proposed ET-CSTSFNN controller shows a better control performance, which can reduce the number of the controller update significantly while achieving accurate furnace temperature control compared with other traditional control methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the development of quantum image steganography, the visual effect of the image has always been the focus of scholars’ research. Based on the classical Gray code algorithm and the least significant bit (LSB) algorithm, a novel quantum image steganography algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the Arnold scrambling method is used to scramble the information image. In the meantime, the scrambled information image is expanded to the same size as the carrier image by using the quantum expansion method. Secondly, the double-layer Gray code rule is applied to the carrier pixels. This operation can reduce the change rate of LSB of carrier pixels. At the same time, the key image used in the extracting phase is generated. The key image improves the security of the algorithm. The classical Gray code algorithm needs to change 50% bits of the LSB of the carrier pixels when embedding. The proposed algorithm in this paper only needs to change 25% bits of the LSB of the carrier pixels when embedding. The PSNR value of the algorithm proposed in this paper can be around 54dB in the visual effect experiment, which is around 3dB higher than that of the classical Gray code algorithm. The robustness experiment is also better compared with other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: China has a low incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM); however, based on the large population, the absolute numbers are high. Our aim was to assess the incidence of childhood T1DM in Beijing during 2011–2020, predicted incidence for 2025–2035, and to determine the incidence of diabetic ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis (DK/DKA) in this population. Methods: Data on patients aged less than 15 years of age with newly diagnosed T1DM between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2020 was obtained from five tertiary hospitals in Beijing and retrospectively analyzed. Results: In all, 636 children aged less than 15 years were diagnosed with T1DM during 2011–2020. The incidence of T1DM was 3.11–5.46 per 100,000 per year, with an average increase of 5.10% per year. The age-specific incidence for ages 0–4 years, 5–9 years, and 10–14 years was 2.97, 4.69, and 4.68 per 100,000 per year, respectively. The highest average annual increase (7.07%) in incidence was for the youngest age group. DK or DKA was present at the time of diagnosis of T1DM in 84.6% of patients. The age-specific incidence of T1DM among children aged less than 15 years was predicted to be 7.32, 11.4, and 11.52 per 100,000 in 2035 for ages 0–4 years, 5–9 years, and 10–14 years, respectively. Conclusions: The was a gentle increase in the incidence of childhood T1DM during 2011–2020 in Beijing. This increase is expected to continue for the next 15 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cancer chemotherapy potentially increases the risk of myocardial ischemia. This study assessed myocardial microvascular function by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) first-pass perfusion in patients treated with chemotherapy for gynecologic malignancies.Methods: A total of 81 patients treated with chemotherapy for gynecologic malignancies and 39 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled and underwent CMR imaging. Among the patients, 32 completed CMR follow-up, with a median interval of 6 months. The CMR sequences comprised cardiac cine, rest first-pass perfusion, and late gadolinium enhancement.Results: There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the patients and normal controls (all p > 0.05). Compared with the normal controls, the patients had a lower myocardial perfusion index (PI) (13.62 ± 2.01% vs. 12% (11 to 14%), p = 0.001) but demonstrated no significant variation with an increase in the number of chemotherapy cycles at follow-up (11.79 ± 2.36% vs. 11.19 ± 2.19%, p = 0.234). In multivariate analysis with adjustments for clinical confounders, a decrease in the PI was independently associated with chemotherapy treatment (β = - 0.362, p = 0.002) but had no correlation with the number of chemotherapy cycles (r = - 0.177, p = 0.053).Conclusion: Myocardial microvascular dysfunction was associated with chemotherapy treatment in patients with gynecologic malignancies, and can be assessed and monitored by rest CMR first-pass perfusion.Key Points: • Chemotherapy was associated with but did not aggravate myocardial microvascular dysfunction in patients with gynecologic malignancies. • Rest CMR first-pass perfusion is an ideal modality for assessing and monitoring alterations in myocardial microcirculation during chemotherapy treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet tea is made from the leaves of Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun, which is an herbal tea widely consumed in Chinese folk. In this study, five drying techniques were applied to dry sweet tea leaves, and the structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and antiglycation activities of sweet tea polysaccharides (STPs) were systematically evaluated. The extraction yields of STPs ranged from 2.37 to 4.09%, and STPs prepared by hot-air drying had the highest extraction yield. The five polysaccharides exhibited the same constituent monosaccharides, similar preliminary structural characteristics, different molecular weights (Mw), and different molar ratios of constituent monosaccharides. Critically, five STPs solutions exhibited non-Newtonian behavior, and STPs obtained by hot-air drying had the highest Mw and apparent viscosity. Compared with other drying technologies, relatively high total phenolic content was measured in the STPs obtained by freeze-drying (31.32 ± 1.77 mg GAE/g) and hot-air drying (29.13 ± 1.36 mg GAE/g). Furthermore, five STPs exhibited excellent biological properties, including antioxidant activities, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and antiglycation activities. Ultimately, the heat map analysis found that the bioactivities of STPs were related to their high Mw and high content of total phenolic. All results suggested that STPs, especially polysaccharides prepared by hot-air drying and freeze-drying, had good development prospects and application values as functional ingredients for the antidiabetic functional food development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial fibrosis predisposes the development of main adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in various cardiac disorders. Native T1 derived from cardiac magnetic resonance allows the quantitative assessment of myocardial fibrosis without the use of contrast media. However, the prognostic value of native T1 in risk stratification remains uncertain. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for cohort studies up to July 31, 2021, that reported prognostic data for native T1 in various cardiac disorders; the studies enrolling patients with myocardial iron or amyloid deposition, edema, and inflammation were excluded. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistic. Nineteen studies with 5,380 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with MACEs had higher native T1 than those without [weighted mean difference: 27.35 (15.55–39.16), I2 = 23.2%]. The increase of native T1 per 1 ms [pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.02 (1.00–1.03), I2 = 41.8%] and per ≥ 10 ms [pooled adjusted HR: 1.11 (1.07–1.16), I2 = 28.6%] was both associated with the development of MACEs; the categorical variable derived from native T1 also has the predicative value for MACEs [pooled adjusted HR: 5.97 (3.69–9.68), I2 = 0.0%]. Myocardial native T1 potentially serves as a prognostic biomarker in patients with various cardiac disorders. Different variable definitions of native T1 have different positively predictive value for outcome; the categorical variable derived from native T1 may be more helpful in identifying high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image self-recovery watermarking is to embed the main content of an image into the image itself, which provides the image with the ability to recover tampered information. In this paper, image self-recovery watermarking is introduced into quantum watermarking, and a novel tamper localization and self-recovery watermarking scheme for quantum images is proposed. The presented scheme takes 2 × 2 sized non-overlapping image block as the basic unit for watermarking generation and embedding, tampering detection, and image recovery. The watermark qubits embedded into the carrier image include authentication qubits for tamper detection and recovery qubits for image recovery. Meanwhile, a two-level tamper detection and localization method is designed, which increases tamper detection accuracy. Based on the result of tamper detection, two separate image recovery models are devised to enhance the quality of recovered images. Dedicated quantum circuits for implementing the proposed quantum watermarking algorithm are given in this paper. The experimental results indicate that the novel scheme is effective and exhibits good image tamper detection and self-recovery performance against multiple malicious attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microglia are involved in the inflammatory response and retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma. Here, we investigated how microglia proliferate and migrate in a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension (COH). In COH retinas, the microglial proliferation that occurred was inhibited by the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) blocker BBG or P2X7R knockout, but not by the P2X4R blocker 5-BDBD. Treatment of primary cultured microglia with BzATP, a P2X7R agonist, mimicked the effects of cell proliferation and migration in COH retinas through the intracellular MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Transwell migration assays showed that the P2X4R agonist CTP induced microglial migration, which was completely blocked by 5-BDBD. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that ATP, released from activated Müller cells through connexin43 hemichannels, acted on P2X7R to induce microglial proliferation, and acted on P2X4R/P2X7R (mainly P2X4R) to induce microglial migration. Our results suggest that inhibiting the interaction of Müller cells and microglia may attenuate microglial proliferation and migration in glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules showing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have great potential in 3D displays. However, the relationships among CPL property, device performance and molecule structure are still not clear. In this article, we develop a strategy to promote dissymmetry factors without sacrifice in device performance and study the impact of molecule structures towards CPL property. Three novel TADF enantiomers are synthesized and studied. (R/S)-SCN with diminutive cyano group as an acceptor shows dissymmetry factor ∣gPL∣ ≈ 1.4×10−3 and noticeable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) performances with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 23.0%. For (R/S)-SPHCN, the prolonged electron withdrawing group benzonitrile enhances ∣gPL∣ up to 3.6×10−3 with decreased device EQEmax of 15.4%. By further replacing benzonitrile with (trifluoromethyl)pyridine, the enantiomers of (R/S)-SCFPY show similar ∣gPL∣ factors of 3.5×10−3 and device EQEmax up to 23.3%, which represents the highest efficiency among sprio-type TADF materials based OLEDs. Furthermore, the OLEDs also show obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence with gEL factors of −1.4/1.8×10−3, −3.6/3.6 ×10−3 and −3.7/3.6×10−3, respectively. These results indecate by delicate functional group engineering, high g factor can be achieved while maintaining decent device performances. Besides, (R/S)-SCFPY represents an impressive TADF emitter, which shows promoted g factor and recorded high device EQEmax among similar molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process, it is critical to predict furnace temperature, which is closely related to the incinerate state and the steam production, to maintain the high efficiency in the incineration process. In this paper, a novel self-organizing TS fuzzy neural network with an improved gradient descent algorithm (SOTSFNN-IGA) is developed to predict furnace temperature. Firstly, to get a suitable network structure and achieve high-efficiency computing capability, the error criteria and activity intensity are employed to grow and remove the fuzzy rules of SOTSFNN-IGA automatically. Secondly, an improved gradient descent algorithm is employed to adjust the parameters of SOTSFNN-IGA. Thirdly, the convergence analysis of the proposed SOTSFNN-IGA is given through the Lyapunov theory. Subsequently, to understand the influence of each variable on the furnace temperature, a new variable importance measurement method is employed. Finally, the proposed SOTSFNN-IGA is verified based on several benchmark nonlinear systems and a furnace prediction in the MSWI process. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed SOTSFNN-IGA has better advantages in prediction accuracy than other algorithms, which prediction accuracy and NSE coefficient are as high as 99.85% and 0.9827 respectively in the furnace temperature prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urban green infrastructure (GI) networks play a significant role in ensuring regional ecological security; however, they are highly vulnerable to the influence of urban development, and the optimization of GI networks with better connectivity and resilience under different development scenarios has become a practical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Taking Harbin, a megacity in Northeast China, as the case study, we set five simulation scenarios by adjusting the economic growth rate and extracted the GI network in multiple scenarios by integrating the minimal cumulative resistance model and the gravity model. The low-degree-first (LDF) strategy of complex network theory was introduced to optimize the GI network, and the optimization effect was verified by robustness analysis. Results: The results showed that in the 5% economic growth scenario, the GI network structure was more complex, and the connectivity of the network was better, while in the other scenarios, the network structure gradually degraded with economic growth. After optimization by the LDF strategy, the average degree of the GI network in multiple scenarios increased from 2.368, 2.651, 2.189, 1.972, and 1.847 to 2.783, 3.125, 2.643, 2.414, and 2.322, respectively, and the GI network structure connectivity and resilience were significantly enhanced in all scenarios. Conclusions: Economic growth did not necessarily lead to degradation of the GI network; there was still room for economic development in the study area, but it was limited under existing GI conditions, and the LDF strategy was an effective method to optimize the GI network. The research results provide a new perspective for the study of GI network protection with urban economic growth and serve as a methodological reference for urban GI network optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum image steganography has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The majority of existing algorithms do not simultaneously have excellent imperceptibility, high embedding capacity, and good security. Therefore, a novel quantum color image steganography scheme is researched based on turtle shell and least significant bit (LSB) replacement. Human vision system (HVS) model and check codes are introduced into the proposed scheme to improve visual quality and security. According to the theory that HVS has different sensitivities to various colors, two channels are randomly selected with different probabilities to hide secret information from the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channels of each color carrier pixel. Grayscale values of the two chosen channels correspond to a point in the turtle shell-based reference matrix. Depending on whether the point is at the boundary of the reference matrix or not, the LSB substitution method or turtle shell algorithm is utilized to embed the secret information. Dedicated quantum circuits are presented to better describe the procedure of the novel scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and has superior performance in imperceptibility, embedding capacity, and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: To develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of valproic acid (VPA) in adult Chinese patients with bipolar disorder, and provide guidance for individualized therapy in this population. Methods: A total of 1104 serum concentrations from 272 patients were collected in this study. The data analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. Covariates included demographic parameters, biological characteristics, and concomitant medications. Bootstrap validation (1000 runs), normalized prediction distribution error (NPDE), and external validation of 50 patients were employed to evaluate the final model. Results: A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination was developed for VPA extended-release tablets. VPA clearance was significantly influenced by three variables: sex (12% higher in male patients), daily dose (increasing with the 0.13 exponent), and body weight (increasing with the 0.56 exponent). Typical values for the absorption rate constant (Ka), apparent clearance (CL/F), and apparent distribution volume (V/F) for a female patient weighing 70 kg administered VPA 1000 mg/day were 0.18 h−1, 0.46 L/h, and 12.84 L, respectively. The results of model evaluation indicated a good stable and precise performance of the final model. Conclusions: A qualified PPK model of VPA was developed in Chinese patients with bipolar disorder. This model could be used as a suitable tool for the personalization of VPA dosing for bipolar patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the relationships between oxygenation signal intensity (SI) with myocardial inflammation and regional left ventricular (LV) remodeling in reperfused acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (OS-CMR). Methods: Thirty-three STEMI patients and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers underwent CMR. The protocol included cine function, OS imaging, precontrast T1 mapping, T2 mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. A total of 880 LV segments were included for analysis based on the American Heart Association 16-segment model. For validation, 15 pigs (10 myocardial infarction (MI) model animals and 5 controls) received CMR and were sacrificed for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: In the patient study, the acute oxygenation SI showed a stepwise rise among remote, salvaged, and infarcted segments compared with healthy myocardium. At convalescence, all oxygenation SI values besides those in infarcted segments with microvascular obstruction decreased to similar levels. Acute oxygenation SI was associated with early myocardial injury (T1: r = 0.38; T2: r = 0.41; all p < 0.05). Segments with higher acute oxygenation SI values exhibited thinner diastolic walls and decreased wall thickening during follow-up. Multivariable regression modeling indicated that acute oxygenation SI (β = 2.66; p < 0.05) independently predicted convalescent segment adverse remodeling (LV wall thinning). In the animal study, alterations in oxygenation SI were correlated with histological inflammatory infiltrates (r = 0.59; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Myocardial oxygenation by OS-CMR could be used as a quantitative imaging biomarker to assess myocardial inflammation and predict convalescent segment adverse remodeling after STEMI. Key Points: • Oxygenation signal intensity (SI) may be an imaging biomarker of inflammatory infiltration that could be used to assess the response to anti-inflammatory therapies in the future. • Oxygenation SI early after myocardial infarction (MI) was associated with left ventricular segment injury at acute phase and could predict regional functional recovery and adverse remodeling late after acute MI. • Oxygenation SI demonstrated a stepwise increase among remote, salvaged, and infarcted segments. Infarcted zones with microvascular obstruction demonstrated a higher oxygenation SI than those without. However, the former showed less pronounced changes over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jujube is a popular fruit with a long cultivation history and numerous varieties in China. It is necessary to develop an automatic visual identification system of jujube classification in the natural environment. However, practical success in this area is still limited. In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional neural network model for the fine-grained classification of jujube, which exploits a two-stream network to effectively learn discriminative features for each image from both shape level and fine-grained level simultaneously. Specifically, it can also learn the contrastive discrepancies from jujube image pairs. To further facilitate the research, we create a rich jujube image dataset in the natural environment. The dataset consists of more than 1700 images of 20 jujube varieties, and these images have a large degree of variations including angles, background and illumination conditions. The proposed model achieves an average accuracy of 84.16% on this dataset, which outperforms the other four models, including SVM, AlexNet, VGGNet-16 and ResNet-18. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by the experiment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: In the present study, we investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways and immune cell infiltration characteristics of pediatric and adult ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: We conducted DEG analysis using the microarray dataset GSE87473 containing 19 pediatric and 87 adult UC samples downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using Metascape. We constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and the drug–target interaction network of DEGs and identified hub modules and genes using Cytoscape and analyzed immune cell infiltration in pediatric and adult UC using CIBERSORT. Results: In total, 1700 DEGs were screened from the dataset. These genes were enriched mainly in inter-cellular items relating to cell junctions, cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton and transmembrane receptor signaling pathways and intra-cellular items relating to the splicing, metabolism and localization of RNA. CDC42, POLR2A, RAC1, PIK3R1, MAPK1 and SRC were identified as hub DEGs. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed higher proportions of naive B cells, resting memory T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages and activated mast cells in pediatric UC, along with lower proportions of memory B cells, follicular helper T cells, γδ T cells, M2 macrophages, and activated dendritic cells. Conclusions: Our study suggested that hub genes CDC42, POLR2A, RAC1, PIK3R1, MAPK1 and SRC and immune cells including B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages and mast cells play vital roles in the pathological differences between pediatric and adult UC and may serve as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real-time availability of key water quality parameters is of great importance for an advanced and optimized process control in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, due to the complex environment conditions and costly measuring instruments, it is generally difficult and time-consuming to measure certain key water quality parameters online, such as the effluent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the effluent total nitrogen (TN). Recently, artificial neural networks have powered the online prediction tasks in several WWTPs. Hence, in this paper, an adaptive task-oriented radial basis function (ATO-RBF) network is developed to design prediction models for accurate timely acquirements of the effluent BOD and the effluent TN. The advantage of ATO-RBF network is that the architecture is not designed by human engineers; it is adaptively generated from the data to be processed. First, to enhance the learning ability and generalization performance of prediction models, an error correction-based growing strategy and a second-order learning algorithm are combined to design the ATO-RBF network. Then, RFB nodes with low significance would be pruned without sacrificing the learning accuracy, making the prediction model more compact. Additionally, the convergence of the ATO-RBF network is analyzed based on the Lyapunov criterion, which can guarantee its feasibility in practical applications. Finally, the proposed methodology is verified by benchmark simulations and real industrial data, showing superior prediction accuracy in compared with conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desorption of U(VI) from minerals by microorganisms and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was characterized with Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens) as a typical bacterial strain, while kaolinite and α-Fe2O3 as typical minerals. Based on the results, EPS contributed significantly to U(VI) desorption from minerals. Two kinds of mechanisms should be mainly involved in U(VI) desorption, including the competition for the adsorption sites of minerals between U(VI) and bacterial cells or EPS, and the formation of stable U(VI)–bacterial cells or U(VI)–EPS complexes. Desorption kinetics indicated that the desorption process of U(VI) on minerals was a complex heterogeneous diffusion and chemical desorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After separation of bacterial colonies on solid plates, purification, and screening through the agar cup-plate method, an antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolate was obtained, and named strain L20190601, the 16S rRNA gene sequence data of strain L20190601 to GenBank, NCBI have provided GenBank accession number MW931615. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this isolate was highly similar to a number of Streptomyces species. Among them, the homology with S. spectabilis was the highest, reaching 99.9, together with curved hyphal morphology and biochemical tests, allowed us to identify strain L20190601 as S. spectabilis. The red pigment produced by S. spectabilis strain L20190601 was structurally identified. An acid–base color reaction assay showed that when this pigment was dissolved in a solution at pH 3.0 and 9.0, the color of the solution was red and yellow, respectively. In addition, the analysis of absorption spectra revealed that at pH 8.0 and 3.0, the maximum absorption peaks were at 466 and 531 nm, respectively. These results are consistent with the spectral absorption characteristics of metacycloprodigiosin reported in the literature. Moreover, the retention time of purified pigments was identical to those of standard metacycloprodigiosin solutions. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the red compound was 392.2 [M + H]+. Finally, metacycloprodigiosin was found to be effective against eight clinically common pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus typhi, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton rubrum. In summary, metacycloprodigiosin exhibited strong antibacterial activity and a broad antibacterial spectrum, and thus is a promising compound for the development of a new type of antibacterial drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the longitudinal changes of microvascular function in different myocardial regions after myocardial infarction (MI) using myocardial blood flow derived by dynamic CT perfusion (CTP-MBF), and compare CTP-MBF with the results of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and histopathology.Methods: The CTP scanning was performed in a MI porcine model 1 day (n = 15), 7 days (n = 10), and 3 months (n = 5) following induction surgery. CTP-MBF was measured in the infarcted myocardium, penumbra, and remote myocardium, respectively. CMR perfusion and histopathology were performed for validation.Results: From baseline to follow-up scans, CTP-MBF presented a stepwise increase in the infarcted myocardium (68.51 ± 11.04 vs. 86.73 ± 13.32 vs. 109.53 ± 26.64 ml/100 ml/min, p = 0.001) and the penumbra (104.92 ± 29.29 vs. 120.32 ± 24.74 vs. 183.01 ± 57.98 ml/100 ml/min, p = 0.008), but not in the remote myocardium (150.05 ± 35.70 vs. 166.66 ± 38.17 vs. 195.36 ± 49.64 ml/100 ml/min, p = 0.120). The CTP-MBF correlated with max slope (r = 0.584, p < 0.001), max signal intensity (r = 0.357, p < 0.001), and time to max (r = - 0.378, p < 0.001) by CMR perfusion. Moreover, CTP-MBF defined the infarcted myocardium on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining (AUC: 0.810, p < 0.001) and correlated with microvascular density on CD31 staining (r = 0.561, p = 0.002).Conclusion: CTP-MBF could quantify the longitudinal changes of microvascular function in different regions of the post-MI myocardium, which demonstrates good agreement with contemporary CMR and histopathological findings.Key Points: • The CT perfusion-based myocardial blood flow (CTP-MBF) could quantify the microvascular impairment in different myocardial regions after myocardial infarction (MI) and track its recovery over time. • The assessment of CTP-MBF is in good agreement with contemporary cardiac MRI and histopathological findings, which potentially facilitates a rapid approach for pathophysiological insights following MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building energy efficiency, as a traditional field which has been existing for decades performs a prosperous needs with diversity of corresponding methods. In the flow of artificial intelligence (AI) background, where does the building energy efficiency advance and how does it emphasize? This question seems to become more significant with the blueprints of zero energy building implementation issued by many countries. The major objective of this research is to review, analyze and identify the performance of AI based applications in buildings, especially for building energy efficiency and zero energy building. Based on the present research trends, the possible changes AI based approach brings to related laws, regulations and standards are firstly analyzed. The main aspects of the AI based approach infrastructure in buildings is thoroughly reviewed and compared. IoT based sensor applications for thermal comfort, platforms and algorithms for building multi energies control, and forecasting methods for building load, subsystem performance and structure safety are summarized. To provide more optimal references for zero energy building solutions, the AI based approach in zero energy building is then predicted in detail, with particular analysis of occupant presence and behaviors. Finally, the future directions of the research on AI based applications for zero energy building implementation are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal metabolism dysregulation during pregnancy predisposes offspring to major diseases, including hypertension, in later life, but the mechanism involved remains to be fully elucidated. A high-fat-diet (HFD) pregnant rat model was used to investigate whether excessive intrauterine lipid exposure was associated with elevated blood pressure in offspring and increased levels of leptin, an important biomarker and mediator of vascular dysfunction and hypertension. We found that gestational hyperlipidemia predisposed offspring to blood pressure elevation and sustained increases in leptin levels with no difference in body weight in the rat model. Increased leptin expression and leptin promoter hypomethylation were found in adipose tissues of HFD-exposed offspring. The treatment of mesenchymal stem cells with free fatty acids during adipogenic differentiation resulted in increased leptin expression, accompanied by leptin promoter hypomethylation. In addition, we also followed up 121 children to evaluate the association between maternal triglyceride levels and offspring blood pressure. Consistent with the animal study results, we observed elevated serum leptin levels and blood pressure in the offspring born to women with gestational hypertriglyceridemia. Our findings provide new insights that maternal hyperlipidemia is associated with elevated blood pressure in offspring and is associated with increases in leptin levels through epigenetic memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uranium (U) in Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens) and anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) were fractionated, and the contents and forms of U in each fraction were investigated. The functional groups of microorganisms for U binding and the deposition of U in microbial aggregates were also analyzed. Four main approaches were found involved in U immobilization, including biosorption/complexation by microbial cells and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), non-reductive biomineralization, bioreduction and intracellular accumulation. Results show that non-reductive biomineralization was found to be dominated in the U(VI) immobilization process. Besides, the contribution of EPS to U removal could not be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the clinical and laboratory findings and successful management of seven patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). The patients were diagnosed based on epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, and nucleic acid testing. Upon diagnosis with COVID-19 of critical severity, the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, where they received early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation, early prone positioning, and bundle pharmacotherapy regimen, which consists of antiviral, anti-inflammation, immune-enhancing, and complication-prophylaxis medicines. The patients presented fever (n = 7, 100%), dry cough (n = 3, 42.9%), weakness (n = 2, 28.6%), chest tightness (n = 1, 14.3%), and/or muscle pain (n = 1, 14.3%). All patients had normal or lower than normal white blood cell count/lymphocyte count, and chest computed tomography scans showed bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs. Nucleic acid testing confirmed COVID-19 in all seven patients. The median MV duration and intensive care unit stay were 9.9 days (interquartile range, 6.5–14.6 days; range, 5–17 days) and 12.9 days (interquartile range, 9.7–17.6 days; range, 7–19 days), respectively. All seven patients were extubated, weaned off MV, transferred to the common ward, and discharged as of the writing of this report. Thus, we concluded that good outcomes for patients with critical COVID-19 can be achieved with early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation and bundle pharmacotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Higher serum estradiol levels occur in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) owing to ovarian stimulation. Here, we investigated the association between maternal serum estradiol levels and the intellectual development of offspring conceived with ART. Methods: A total of 204 singletons born after fresh embryo transfer were recruited for this cohort study. Among them, 102 children were born from mothers with high serum estradiol levels (> 12,000 pmol/L) on the day that human chorionic gonadotropin was administered. Another 102 children, matched by gestational age and age of the children, were recruited as controls from mothers with low serum estradiol (≤ 12,000 pmol/L). The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence was used to evaluate the intellectual development of the children. Results: Children from mothers with higher serum estradiol levels scored lower in the verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) tests and verbal comprehension than children whose mothers had lower estradiol levels. The main difference between the two groups was in verbal subtests including information, vocabulary, and sorting. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the logarithm of maternal serum estradiol level negatively correlated with verbal IQ, performance IQ, and full scale IQ. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that a high maternal serum estradiol level may negatively associate the verbal ability of children conceived via ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Ni/ceramic composite coating (Ni-Cermets) was prepared on GH4586 nickel-based alloy by slurry method, and the morphology, phase composition of the coating was analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The effect of the content of Ni on the microstructure and performance of the coating were investigated through the friction experiment, oxidation test and thermal shock experiment, respectively. It was found that this composite coating exhibited excellent oxidation resistance at 900 °C. Furthermore, Ni-cermets containing 47 wt.% of nickel (Ni47) showed the best resistance to oxidation, wear and thermal shock. The protection mechanism of this composite coating was different from those of traditional metallic coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a modular design methodology inherited from cognitive neuroscience and neurophysiology is proposed to develop artificial neural networks, aiming to realize the powerful capability of brain—divide and conquer—when tackling complex problems. First, a density-based brain-like partition method is developed to construct the modular architecture, with a highly connected center in each sub-network as the human brain. The whole task is also divided into different sub-tasks at this stage. Then, a compact radial basis function (RBF) network with fast learning speed and desirable generalization performance is applied as the sub-network to solve the corresponding task. On the one hand, the modular structure helps to improve the ability of neural networks on complex problems by implementing divide and conquer. On the other hand, sub-networks with considerable ability could guarantee the parsimonious and generalization of the entire neural network. Finally, the novel modular RBF (NM-RBF) network is evaluated through multiple benchmark numerical experiments, and results demonstrate that the NM-RBF network is capable of constructing a relative compact architecture during a short learning process with achievable satisfactory generalization performance, showing its effectiveness and outperformance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The specific roles of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and how factors influenced EPS's roles during U(VI) immobilization are still unclear. In this study, high content of U with the main form of nanoparticles was detected in EPS, accounting for 10–42% of total U(VI) removal. EPS might be utilized as energy source or even as electron donors when external carbon source was unavailable. The influencing degree of each experimental parameter to uranium (U) removal process was elucidated. The influential priority to U(IV)/U(VI) ratios in sludge was as follows: acetate, U(VI), and nitrate. The influential priority to total EPS contents was as follows: U(VI), nitrate and acetate. The complex interaction mechanism between U(VI) and EPS in the U immobilization process was proposed, which might involve three ways including biosorption, bioreduction and bioprecipitation. These results indicate important and various roles of EPS in U(VI) immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Among modern Chinese female writers and translators, Bing Xin is considered an elite pioneer and leader of the May Fourth/New Culture Movement. Through a sentimental and feminist writing style, she showcases her own voice and distinctive features. With anti-patriarchal philosophy and creative literary rhetoric, Bing Xin’s translation of literature reflects femininity and globality. Her seminal translated work《园丁集》 (Yuan Ding Ji or Yuan Ding Collected Poems), the Chinese translation of the poetry collection The Gardener by Rabindranath Tagore, is a product of appreciation and appropriation, as well as rewriting and recreation. Using case study as a research methodology and the method of textual analysis and commentary of Bing Xin’s translated sources in comparison with primary sources from Tagore’s work, this project focuses on how Bing Xin applies typical feminist translation strategies in certain excerpts from The Gardener, serving as a reflection of her feminist consciousness as well as a correction of the potentially unintended patriarchal tendencies of Tagore. By commenting on her translation tactics and their effects and implications, this paper traces Bing Xin’s endeavour to fight the subordinated status of women and of the translation. It aims to contribute to both gender studies and critique on translation theory and practice.

The mechanism of gas discharge in refrigeration temperature range is still not clear. N2, CF4, 20% CF4+N2 and 50%CF4+50%N2 binary gas mixtures were tested under the conditions of-153-25 °C and 50-2000 Pa. The experimental results show that the minimum of Paschen curves of all test samples shifts to low pressure, from 500 Pa to 200 Pa. The value of Paschen curve minimum of N2 shows remarkable fluctuation. This fluctuation is explained by molecule agglomeration and electronic mean energy. The fluctuation decreases with the increasing mixing ratio of CF4. What’s more, the value of Paschen curve minimum of CF4 decreases with temperature. This phenomenon is ascribed to attach-radiation and secondary process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon–carbon triple bond (–C≡C–) is an elementary constituent for the construction of conjugated molecular wires and carbon allotropes such as carbyne and graphyne. Here we describe a general approach to in situ synthesize –C≡C– bond on Cu(111) surface via homocoupling of the trichloromethyl groups, enabling the fabrication of individual and arrays of poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) molecular wires. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals a delocalized electronic state extending along these molecular wires, whose structure is unraveled by atomically resolved images of scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy. Combined with density functional theory calculations, we identify the intermediates formed in the sequential dechlorination process, including surface-bound benzyl, carbene, and carbyne radicals. Our method overcomes the limitation of previous on-surface syntheses of –C≡C– incorporated systems, which require the precursors containing alkyne group; it therefore allows for a more flexible design and fabrication of molecular architectures with tailored properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common insulation gas cannot normally work in refrigeration temperature range (153−243 K), especially in extremely cold regions. To solve this problem, this essay uses cubic equation combined with two-parameter model in theorem of corresponding states to estimate dew-point of hybrid gas. The influence of temperature on mixing ratio is studied by using van der Waals equation. The result shows that the mixing ratio is stable during temperature-fall period. Insulation property of CF and CF/N in refrigeration temperature range is studied through self-designed low-temperature test system. The result shows when the density of hybrid gas is invariable, temperature changing has less influence on breakdown voltage, and when the mixing ratio is 20%, CF/N is the greatest potential hybrid gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogenation reaction characteristics and the properties of its hydrides for the magnetic regenerative material HoCu (CeCu-type) of a cryocooler were investigated. The XRD testing reveals that the hydrides of HoCu were a mixture of Cu, unknown hydride I, and unknown hydride II. Based on the PCT (pressure−concentration−temperature) curves under different reaction temperatures, the relationships among reaction temperature, equilibrium pressure, and maximum hydrogen absorption capacity were analyzed and discussed. The enthalpy change Δ H and entropy change Δ S as a result of the whole hydrogenation process were also calculated from the PCT curves. The magnetization and volumetric specific heat capacity of the hydride were also measured by SQUID magnetometer and PPMS, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) mainly derived from anthropogenic emissions can be transported through atmospheric pathway to marine ecosystem, affecting the phytoplankton community and primary productivity. In this study, we identified the toxicity threshold of Cd for phytoplankton under seawater conditions of the coastal East China Sea (ECS) through both laboratory and in situ mesocosm incubation experiments. The mesocosm experiment showed that Cd in low concentration (0.003 μg per μg chl a) was conducive to the growth of natural community and increased chl a productivity. In high concentration (0.03 μg per μg chl a) Cd acted as an inhibiting factor which decreased the total chl a productivity. The diatom community was found to be more sensitive to Cd toxicity than dinoflagellate, as the low concentration Cd showed toxicity to diatom but enhanced dinoflagellate growth. We noticed that the soluble Cd estimated from atmosphere deposition to the coastal ECS was below the toxicity threshold and the Cd deposition might promote phytoplankton growth in this region. In our laboratory experiments, adding Cd, similar to aerosol deposition, stimulated the growth of both dominant algal species Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu (dinoflagellate) and Skeletonema costatum (diatom). Adding Cd on a higher level inhibited the growth of both the species, but Skeletonema costatum seemed obviously more sensitive to toxicity. This indicates the potential impact of atmospheric deposition Cd on phytoplankton community succession in the ECS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coesite-bearing eclogite breccia is reported here for the first time at Yangkou in the Chinese Su-Lu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt. It is thrusted over a coesite-bearing coronitic eclogite and is gradational to a foliated eclogite at the contact. The coronitic eclogite is characterized by garnet coronas between fine-grained high-pressure mineral aggregates forming pseudomorphs after plagioclase, ilmenite, biotite, and pyroxene in a gabbroic protolith. The breccia consists of fine-grained cataclastic eclogite fragments (garnet + omphacite + coesite/quartz ± phengite ± kyanite) and a coarser-grained matrix schist (garnet + quartz + phengite + kyanite). The foliated eclogite consists of intercalating bands of the cataclastic eclogite and a schist similar to the fragments and the matrix, respectively, in the breccia. The igneous fabric of the eclogitized gabbro is increasingly obliterated from the coronitic eclogite through the foliated eclogite to the breccia. Micropoikilitic amoeboid garnet containing numerous inclusions of omphacite and other high-pressure minerals is characteristic of eclogite facies pseudotachylytes and suggests flash melting and rapid crystallization. In the breccia and foliated eclogite, quartz + K-feldspar ± albite aggregates are included in garnet or form strings cutting across the cataclasites. In some aggregates, quartz grains are cemented by K-feldspar and vesicular albite, also implying crystallization from melts in a rapid cooling and decompression process from the UHP condition. The field context, the locally preserved igneous fabric in the breccia, the similar whole-rock compositions, as well as the complementary mineral assemblages in the fragments and the matrix with respect to the coronitic eclogite, suggest that the breccia was formed by cataclasis and segregation of minerals in a former coronitic eclogite in response to a sudden pressure release. Intergranular coesite is found only in the eclogite cataclasites and may have survived via the rapid cooling event, as coesite converts to quartz completely in a few years when being cooled slowly at lower pressures. Such rate information is incompatible with the presumed deep subduction/exhumation process but implies transient UHP metamorphism coeval with the seismic event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-dimensional discrete element code, particle flow code (PFC), is employed to investigate foundations reinforced with horizontal-vertical (H-V) inclusions. The initial states and loading processes of both unreinforced and H-V reinforced foundations are simulated by PFC method. The interface between particles and reinforcements, and the reinforcement mechanism of the H-V reinforced foundations are studied through stress distribution graphs, displacement vector graphs and contact force graphs. The simulation results demonstrate that the vertical elements of the H-V reinforcement keep the particles from being displaced under the applied load. The H-V reinforcement can distribute the load uniformly over a wider area, thereby improving the bearing capacity of soil foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The active metabolite in the post-harvested biomass of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance from phytoextraction is of great interest in China. The current study demonstrates that a salidroside-type metabolite can be yielded from the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator S. alfredii biomass by means of sonication/ethanol extraction and macroporous resin column (AB-8 type) isolation. The concentrations of Zn and Cd in the salidroside-type metabolite were below the limitation of the national standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, caffeic acid was an important metabolite in the highly copper-tolerant plant Elsholtzia splendens. Preparation and purification of caffeic acid were performed on the dried biomass of the plants by means of sonication/ethanol extraction, followed by purification using a macroporous resin (D101 type) column and silica gel chromatography. The faint-yellow caffeic acid product was yielded with a purity of 98.46%, and it was chemically identified from spectra of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR)/carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (C NMR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Caffeic acid is a possible product from the post-harvest processing of Elsholtzia splendens biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]