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The inoculation of forest species with plant growth-promoting bacteria has grown and is increasingly sought to reduce the use of synthetic products. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between endophytic bacteria and synthetic indole butyric acid (IBA) on the initial development of Corymbia citriodora x Corymbia torelliana (CcCt) plants. The treatments were established by factorial (6 × 2) + 1, in which the mini-cuttings were inoculated with Pantoea vagans strains 7URP1-6 (B07) and 45URP4-1 (B45), Priestia megaterium (B11), Exiguobacterium sibiricum (B19), Bacillus sp. (B58) and a control treatment with the inoculation vehicle only, followed by immersion in 0 or 1,000 mg kg− 1 of synthetic IBA, plus an additional control not inoculated and treated with 2,000 mg kg− 1 of IBA. In relation to the cuttings treated only with 2,000 mg kg− 1 of IBA, cuttings inoculated with bacteria B07, B11, B19, and B58 had a similar survival rate, an increase of 29–36% in the percentage of rooting and of 27–34% in plant height, produced rooted cuttings with larger collar diameters and greater dry mass of roots and shoots, and a greater number of colony forming units of bacteria in the rhizosphere and in root and shoot tissues. The inoculation of mini-cuttings of CcCt with B07, B11, B19 and B58, followed by immersion in 1,000 mg kg− 1 of IBA improved the development of rooted cuttings relative to inoculated cuttings without IBA treatment, although it is not known if the effect is directly attributable to these bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep disorders and changes in the profile of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) are potential predictive factors for the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, these parameters usually are evaluated separately, lacking information regarding the simultaneous association of sleep disorders and CAR, mainly throughout the MDD severity. This study addressed the relationship between sleep quality and CAR in patients with initial/mild depression (MD, n = 30) versus advanced/treatment-resistant (TRD, n = 28), compared with a group of healthy controls (CG, n = 49), aiming to point out in a clinical perspective which alterations in sleep and CAR have been observed along major depression severity stages. TRD patients presented a blunted CAR and poorer sleep quality comparing MD and CG groups. Additionally, MD patients showed worse sleep quality and larger CAR than CG. Taken together, both sleep quality and CAR were correlated with MDD symptoms and predictors of MDD severity, with a greater classification power for sleep quality. From sleep quality, specifically, the use of sleep medication and sleep efficiency predicted depression severity, discriminating mild and treatment-resistant depression. These results show the importance of assessing sleep quality and CAR in patients with major depression when there is a need for evaluation of the disorder's severity in a clinical context. CAR and sleep quality can be useful complementary tools to help in the clinical identification of major depression severity and the understanding of their impact on MDD may support further studies that aim to improve intervention strategies to increase the effectiveness of treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils are a vast class of compounds that have many interesting therapeutical properties. In this sense, tea tree oil (TTO) stands out for its antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperproliferative potential. However, the low stability and solubility of these compounds can limit their therapeutical capacity, making it necessary to adopt a strategy to overcome this mishap. In that regard, nanoencapsulation can be highlighted as a promising maneuver capable of protecting the active and increasing its solubility in water, promoting greater compatibility and bioavailability. Based on the above, the main objective of this study was to evaluate polycaprolactone/Pluronic F-127 PCL/F-127 polymeric nanoparticles loaded with 10–30% w/w TTO obtained via nanoprecipitation. The obtained particles were evaluated by atomic force microscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopy to determine retention efficiency and obtain the release profile (with the evaluation of release models), time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. The obtained results show the formation of particles of spherical-type morphology particles with smooth surfaces and particle sizes around 400 nm, with retention efficiencies between 60 and 70% and sustained release profile for up to about 6 or 7 h and compatible with the Higuchi model. Regarding the antimicrobial activity of the systems, it was observed that TTO presents antimicrobial activity against the evaluated strains (S. aureus, C.albicans, and E.coli) and that the encapsulation process can increase the activity against the strain of E. coli. Finally, the cytocompatibility analyses showed that the NNPs obtained are not cytotoxic to the cell lines evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the possible agricultural application of calcium carbonate derived from niobium extraction. This carbonate is stored in dams, and it is enriched with radionuclides from 232Th series, which imposes restrictions on its use. Activity concentration evaluation in soil was performed before the tillage of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and the soil–plant transfer factor was determined. Results showed the dilution factor applied to the carbonate in the soil causes insignificant increments in soil activity concentration. In cultivated lettuce, high activity concentrations of 228Ra and 226Ra were found independently when using either the control or carbonate amended soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Climate change can limit yields of naturally resilient crops, like sorghum, challenging global food security. Agriculture under an erratic climate requires tapping into a reservoir of flexible adaptive loci that can lead to lasting yield stability under multiple abiotic stress conditions. Domesticated in the hot and dry regions of Africa, sorghum is considered a harsh crop, which is adapted to important stress factors closely related to climate change. To investigate the genetic basis of drought stress adaptation in sorghum, we used a multi-environment multi-locus genome-wide association study (MEML-GWAS) in a subset of a diverse sorghum association panel (SAP) phenotyped for performance both under well-watered and water stress conditions. We selected environments in Brazil that foreshadow agriculture where both drought and temperature stresses coincide as in many tropical agricultural frontiers. Drought reduced average grain yield (Gy) by up to 50% and also affected flowering time (Ft) and plant height (Ph). We found 15 markers associated with Gy on all sorghum chromosomes except for chromosomes 7 and 9, in addition to loci associated with phenology traits. Loci associated with Gy strongly interacted with the environment in a complex way, while loci associated with phenology traits were less affected by G × E. Studying environmental covariables potentially underpinning G × E, increases in relative humidity and evapotranspiration favored and disfavored grain yield, respectively. High temperatures influenced G × E and reduced sorghum yields, with a ~ 100 kg ha−1 average decrease in grain yield for each unit increase in maximum temperature between 29 and 38 °C. Extreme G × E for sorghum stress resilience poses an additional challenge to breed crops for moving, erratic weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) content in the total diet can improve intake efficiency, prevent rumen disorders, and enhance the health and performance of feedlot-finished beef cattle. We hypothesized that an increase in dietary fiber levels would decrease the productive performance but increase the economic performance of young bulls in confinement. Thus, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing fiber levels on feed intake, wastage, and productive and economic performance of Nellore young bulls finished in confinement. We used 20 Nellore cattle, non-castrated males, 30 months old, and average body weight (BW) of 416.35 ± 2.2 kg distributed in a completely randomized design, kept in individual stalls. Animals were divided into four treatments consisting of four levels of neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) (25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% NDF) in total DM. Nutrient intake, feed conversion, feed waste, body weight (BW) at slaughter, total weight gain (TWG), average daily gain (ADG), hot carcass weight (HCW), and carcass yield (CR) were evaluated. In addition, economic parameters (revenue, food expenses, and gross margin) were calculated and compared. The dry matter (DMI), organic matter (OMI), crude protein (CPI), and ether extract (EEI) intakes showed quadratic behavior. The DMI maximum estimated was 28.5% NDF in the diet. The NDF and ADF intakes showed a positive linear effect and the starch intake had a negative linear effect. There was a significant positive linear effect (P < 0.05) for the variables total mixed ration (TMR) offered and daily and total RTM intake. Minimum RTM wastage was estimated with a diet containing 30% NDF. The maximum points for BW at slaughter, HCW, and ADG were 29.9%; 29.6%, and 25% NDF, respectively. The costs of concentrate and silage showed a positive linear behavior, as did the ADG costs and the carcass equivalent cost (P < 0.05). The maximum point of the revenue estimate (US$/animal) was 29.9% of NDF, 26.1% of NDF for the total expenditure on food (US$/animal), and 32.5% of NDF for the gross margin (U$/animal). In conclusion, the animals fed a 30% NDF diet showed the best performance and economics, in addition to less food waste. We recommend 25 to 32.5% of NDF in the diet to obtain maximum productive and economic performance when finishing Nellore young bulls in confinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overactivation of the classic arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the main mechanisms involved in obesity-related cardiac remodeling, and a possible relationship between RAS and ER stress in the cardiovascular system have been described. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate if activating the protective arm of the RAS by ACE inhibition or aerobic exercise training could overturn diet-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy by attenuating ER stress. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control (SC) or a high-fat diet (HF) for 16 weeks. In the 8th week, HF-fed animals were randomly divided into HF, enalapril treatment (HF-En), and aerobic exercise training (HF-Ex) groups. Body mass (BM), food and energy intake, plasma analyzes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), physical conditioning, and plasma ACE and ACE2 activity were evaluated. Cardiac morphology, and protein expression of hypertrophy, cardiac metabolism, RAS, and ER stress markers were assessed. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak post-hoc. HF group had increased BM and SBP, and developed pathological concentric cardiac hypertrophy, with overactivation of the classic arm of the RAS, and higher ER stress. Both interventions reverted the increase in BM, and SBP, and favored the protective arm of the RAS. Enalapril treatment improved pathological cardiac hypertrophy with partial reversal of the concentric pattern, and slightly attenuated cardiac ER stress. In contrast, aerobic exercise training induced physiological eccentric cardiac hypertrophy, and fully diminished ER stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) between the relationship of cardiometabolic risk factors and adiponectin in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 255 adolescents of both sexes, aged 11 to 17 years. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as body mass, height, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were measured. Body mass index z-score (BMI-z), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and age peak height velocity were calculated. The moderation analyses were tested using linear regression models. Interaction was observed with low CRF, indicating that those who achieved more than 2.27 (BMI-z), 2.18 (TMI), 2.10 (FM), 2.57 (insulin), 2.65 (HOMA-IR), and 2.81 (QUICKI) in L·min−1 on the CRF test may experience reduced risks in cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusion: The deleterious effects attributed to excess adiposity and unfavorable changes related to insulin resistance and sensitivity may be attenuated by CRF. What is Known: • Adiponectin, a protein derived from adipose tissue, may play a role as a potential marker of protection and predictor of cardiometabolic disorders and its relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness is controversial. What is New: • The deleterious effects attributed to overweight and unfavorable changes related to insulin resistance and sensitivity may be attenuated by high cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategies for controlling hypertension include reducing excess fat and increasing muscle mass. However, the effects of exercise interventions on hypertension in adolescents have been little investigated. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the cardiometabolic profile of overweight hypertensive and non-hypertensive boys. The sample included 107 boys diagnosed as overweight, aged between 12 and 17, divided into two non-hypertension groups, one control (GCN, n = 14) and one with exercise (GEN, n = 55), as well as two groups of hypertensives, one control (GCH, n = 12) and one with exercise (GEH, n = 26). The boys were assessed at the study baseline and after 12 weeks in terms of anthropometric parameters, biological maturation, SBP, DBP and mean blood pressure (MBP), lipid, and metabolic profile. The aerobic training programs lasted 12 weeks and were carried out in three weekly sessions at different intensities. The high-intensity interval training session lasted around 35 min at an intensity of 80–100% of the reserve heart rate, and the moderate-intensity of continuous training session lasted 60 min at an intensity of 35–75% of the reserve heart rate. Caloric expenditure was equivalent between the exercises (p = 0.388). CGN and CGH participated only in school physical activities. Repeated measures analysis of variance and clinical effect analysis using Cohen's effect size were used, with a significance level established at p < 0.05. After 12 weeks, all groups increased their height (p < 0.05), but only the exercise groups showed a reduction in anthropometric variables (p < 0.05), with a possibly beneficial effect in GEN (d = − 0.203; p = 0.003). No differences were found in the variables for the GCN. The GCH and GEH groups reduced SBP (p < 0.05), but only GEH showed a reduction in DBP (p = 0.005) and MBP (p = 0.001). In relation to the lipid profile, GEH maintained HDL-c close to baseline values, while GCH showed a reduction in HDL-c (p = 0.021). Regarding the clinical effect of exercise on hypertension, GEH showed a large and very beneficial effect size on DBP (d = − 0.916; p = 0.006) and MBP (d = − 0.926; p = 0.005). Conclusion: Hypertensive boys who practiced physical exercise showed greater effects in reducing blood pressure, indicating the importance of non-drug therapeutic management in overweight adolescents. Trial registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-4v6h7b / RBR-6343y7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beefalo is a fertile hybrid descendant of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and American buffalo (Bison bison). Crossbred (¾Beefalo¼Nellore) beef cattle raised and finished in a feedlot or on pasture were evaluated for the effect of two ages (8 and 13 months) at castration on nutrient intake, performance, and carcass characteristics. In the feedlot, they received a total diet with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 55:45, and those kept on Brachiaria decumbens pastures were supplemented at 0.8% of body weight (BW) with the same concentrate based on corn and soybean meal (17.8% CP and 73% TDN). Thirty-six crossbred (¾ Beefalo ¼ Nellore) beef cattle with 209.2 ± 14.6 kg BW were used, which at weaning, at 8 months of age, were randomly divided into two groups, one of them destined to the feedlot system and the other group to the supplementation system on pasture. In each system (feedlot and pasture) the following treatments were distributed: castration at 8 months (at weaning, C8), castration at 13 months (C13), and non-castrated (NC), with six animals per treatment by system. All animals were slaughtered at 18 months of age. There was no significant interaction between the systems and castration ages for all variables studied. The averages of slaughter weight of feedlot animals were 475.6; 494.3 and 510.7 kg; and finished in pasture were 424.3; 428.0 and 418.7 kg for C8, C13, and NC treatments, respectively. The average subcutaneous fat thickness of the feedlot steers were 4.5, 3.5, and 1.3 mm, and for pasture-finished steers were 2.4, 1.6, and 1.8 mm for C8, C13, and NC treatments, respectively. Non-castrated animals have greater performance and carcass characteristics than castrated animals independent of the finished system. Animals non-castrated finished on Brachiaria grass pastures and slaughtered at 18 months of age require more intensive feeding management or even greater age at slaughter to obtain an ideal carcass finishing despite castration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a smart manufacturing approach was used to enhance the mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) for lightweight applications. The smart manufacturing involved cryomilling of Al powders with and without 5 wt.% magnesium (Mg) powders for varying durations followed by a high-pressure cold spray (HPCS) additive manufacturing process to prepare bulk components. The morphological changes, crystallite size, and composition of the cryomilled powders and cold sprayed (CS'ed) components were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The results showed that the crystallite size reduces with an increase in cryomilling time and the addition of Mg dopant. To test the mechanical properties of the bulk CS'ed components, microhardness tests were performed using a Vickers microhardness tester. Uniaxial tensile tests were also carried out to ascertain the material's tensile properties. The mechanical testing results showed great improvement in the hardness and tensile strength of CS'ed Al–Mg samples as compared to pure Al samples. Subsequently, fractography analysis of the tensile failed samples was carried out to determine the nature of the failure. The research article also discusses the inherent mechanisms for the improvement in mechanical properties of smart manufactured components as a result of Mg doping and cryomilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the effects of microorganisms on coffee fermentation is crucial to ensure sensory quality and food security. The analysis of the dynamics of the microbial community during fermentation can contribute to a better understanding of the beneficial and harmful effects of microorganisms and help select starter cultures to improve coffee quality. Furthermore, the anaerobic environment produced by carbonic maceration of the coffee fruits inhibits aerobic respiratory processes and stimulates fermentative metabolism, modulating the microbial community during coffee fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of carbonic maceration in the fungal community dynamics during the fermentation of Coffea arabica fruits at 18, 28, and 38 °C for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Fungal diversity was accompanied by high-throughput sequencing (NGS) of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. During the coffee fermentation, the fungal community changed over time, with the most significant changes occurring at 18 and 28 °C after 72 h. However, at 38 °C, there were greater variations in fungal composition and fungal diversity was highest after 120 h. The yeast Pichia cephalocereana was predominant in the fermentations. These results indicated that temperature and fermentation conditions influence the fungal community during coffee fermentation. Lower temperatures might favor a more stable microbial environment, while higher temperatures lead to more intense changes. Thus, our data from NGS can help in the identification, isolation, and metabolic characterization of fungi for the fermentation of coffee fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial effluents, especially those containing dyes, have become the main cause of contamination of water resources. In this context, Brazilian bentonite/MgO composites, with excellent adsorptive properties, were prepared and investigated for their effectiveness in removing cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. The new adsorbents were obtained using Brazilian bentonites and MgO using the mechanochemical method followed by heat treatment (at 700 °C for 4 h). Different characterization techniques were used for the chemical, mineralogical, thermal, surface, and morphological analysis of the raw clays and the composites. The experimental adsorption isotherms were quantified under different conditions of initial concentration, contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, and temperature variation to interpret the adsorption mechanism of the crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) dyes. The modeling results were obtained from the empirical Sips equation and Pseudo Second Order (PSO) kinetics, indicating that the adsorption of molecules is a heterogeneous phenomenon that occurs in a monolayer on the surface (ns > 1), with the adsorption rate determined by chemisorption. The composites showed the best removal efficiency performance compared to the raw bentonites, with an increase of 12% for the CV dye and 46% for the CR dye. In addition, the qmax values obtained were 423.02 mg/g and 479.86 mg/g (AM01). This research underscores the potential of Brazilian bentonite/MgO composites as a promising solution for the removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water, offering hope for future applications in the field of environmental engineering and materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report 14 cases of immune effector cell (IEC)-associated enterocolitis following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in multiple myeloma, with a 1.2% incidence overall (0.2% for idecabtagene vicleucel and 2.2% for ciltacabtagene autoleucel). Patients developed acute-onset symptoms (typically non-bloody Grade 3+ diarrhea) with negative infectious workup beginning a median of 92.5 days (range: 22–210 days) after CAR-T therapy and a median of 85 days after cytokine release syndrome resolution. Gut biopsies uniformly demonstrated inflammation, including intra-epithelial lymphocytosis and villous blunting. In one case where CAR-specific immunofluorescence stains were available, CAR T-cell presence was confirmed within the lamina propria. Systemic corticosteroids were initiated in 10 patients (71%) a median of 25.5 days following symptom onset, with symptom improvement in 40%. Subsequent infliximab or vedolizumab led to improvement in 50% and 33% of corticosteroid-refractory patients, respectively. Five patients (36%) have died from bowel perforation or treatment-emergent sepsis. In conclusion, IEC-associated enterocolitis is a distinct but rare complication of CAR-T therapy typically beginning 1–3 months after infusion. Thorough diagnostic workup is essential, including evaluation for potential T-cell malignancies. The early use of infliximab or vedolizumab may potentially hasten symptom resolution and lower reliance on high-dose corticosteroids during the post-CAR-T period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As-built additively manufactured components for heat exchanger applications, suffer from high surface roughness. In this study, a novel ultrasonic-assisted electropolishing setup is designed and tested to reduce the internal surface roughness of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) additively manufactured copper (GRCop-42) heat exchanger component. In the electropolishing setup, the surface of the as-built heat exchanger is used as the anode while a bulk copper rod is used as the cathode. An electropolishing fluid consisting of CuCl2, HCl, and SiC abrasive particles was used as electrolyte media, along with ultrasonication. The effect of chemical constituents, ultrasonic duration, and abrasive particles on surface roughness reduction was studied. It was observed that the ultrasonic agitation condition assisted with the abrasive particles was beneficial to reduce the surface roughness of the heat exchanger sample (over 50%) through acoustic streaming and scrubbing effect. An addition of 1% bio-based trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium saccharinate ionic liquid improved the corrosion properties for the copper surface. Overall, to reduce the roughness of L-PBF additively manufactured samples of complicated shapes with internal features, this process could be a viable technique, where mechanical polishing is not possible and internal surfaces are not accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This data descriptor presents a curated dataset for pathogen detection and identification (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans) directly from whole-blood samples. The dataset was created using differential cell lysis combined with rapid extraction, digestion, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Our method offers a rapid diagnostic alternative to traditional culture, enabling timely disease management, such as sepsis. Highlighting our dataset's uniqueness, it features a three-tier structure: Spectral Libraries of Pathogens for identifying peptide peaks for putative biomarkers; Spiked pathogen in blood MS data for biomarker panel optimization through varied concentration samples; and Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) data from sepsis patients for validating our biomarker panel, achieving 83.3% sensitivity within seven hours without microbial enrichment culture. This dataset serves as a comprehensive reference for bioinformatic tool development and biomarker panel proposals, advancing microbial detection, antimicrobial resistance, and epidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic biomolecules with promising tensoative and emulsifying properties that find application in the most varied industrial sectors: environment, food, agriculture, petroleum, cosmetics, and hygiene. In the current work, a 23 full-factorial design was performed to evaluate the effect and interactions of pineapple peel and corncob as substrates for biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis LMA-ICF-PC 001. In a previous stage, an alkaline pretreatment was applied to corncob samples to extract the xylose-rich hydrolysate. The results indicated that pineapple peel extract and xylose-rich hydrolysate acted as partial glucose substitutes, minimizing production costs with exogenous substrates. Biosurfactant I (obtained at 8.11% pineapple peel extract, 8.11% xylose-rich hydrolysate from corncob, and 2.8109 g/L glucose) exhibited a significant surface tension reduction (52.37%) and a promising bioremediation potential (87.36%). On the other hand, biosurfactant III (obtained at 8.11% pineapple peel extract, 31.89% xylose-rich hydrolysate from corncob, and 2.8109 g/L glucose) exhibited the maximum emulsification index in engine oil (69.60%), the lowest critical micellar concentration (68 mg/L), and the highest biosurfactant production (5.59 g/L). These findings demonstrated that using pineapple peel extract and xylose-rich hydrolysate from corncob effectively supports biosurfactant synthesis by B. subtilis, reinforcing how agro-industrial wastes can substitute traditional carbon sources, contributing to cost reduction and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) and its association with socioeconomic characteristics and dental caries in a Brazilian population of preschoolers. Material and methods: 603 preschoolers, enrolled in public preschools in Itajaí (state of Santa Catarina, Brazil), took part in the study. To assess the participants' socio-economic characteristics, an original questionnaire was formulated and sent to the children's parents. The clinical evaluation was carried out by a calibrated examiner using the deft/DMFT index for dental caries and Ghanim et al. (Ghanim et al., Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2015) criteria for HSPM. The data were analyzed through Poisson regression, using STATA statistical software, and the association analyses were presented by prevalence ratios (PR). Results: The prevalence of at least one HSPM-affected second molar was 24.5%. The prevalence of HSPM was associated to the city's geographical regions of the Educational hubs (p < 0.001). A significant association was found between dental caries and HSPM (p = 0.003; PR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.09–1.56). Children with HSPM were 31% more likely to experience dental caries than children without HSPM. Geographical regions of educational hubs were also significantly associated with HSPM (p < 0.001). None of the socioeconomic characteristics was associated with HSPM (p > 0.05). Conclusion: HSPM is a common developmental defect of enamel in children in our study. The HSPM distribution was associated with the city's geographic regions. Children with HSPM are more likely to experience dental caries. Socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with HSPM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a novel data-driven Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm for nonlinear systems. The method is based on recent extensions of behavioural theory and Willem's Fundamental Lemma for nonlinear systems by the means of adequate Input–Output (IO) quasi-Linear Parameter-Varying (qLPV) embeddings. Thus, the MPC is formulated to ensure regulation and IO constraints satisfaction, based only on measured datasets of sufficient length (and under persistent excitation). The main innovation is to consider the knowledge of the function that maps the qLPV realisation, and apply an extrapolation procedure in order to generate the corresponding future scheduling trajectories, at each sample. Accordingly, we briefly discuss the issues of closed-loop IO stability and recursive feasibility certificates of the method. The algorithm is tested and discussed with the aid of a numerical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the literature, a recent debate has been brought up regarding how linear time-invariant systems can be represented by trajectories features. That is, how a single input–output (IO) data dictionary can be exploited to span all possible system trajectories, as long as the input is persistently exciting. Indeed, the so-called behavioural framework is a promising alternative for controller synthesis without the necessity of system identification procedures. In this paper, we provide an overview of the available results. In particular, we focus on how quasi-Linear Parameter Varying (qLPV) embeddings, in the data-driven context, can be used to represent nonlinear dynamical systems along suitable IO coordinates. We debate the topics of nonlinear data-driven simulation and predictions, as proposed in recent works. The effectiveness of the surveyed tools is tested in practice and shown to provide accurate descriptions of the nonlinear dynamics by the means of a linear representation structure. For such, we consider a high-fidelity nonlinear simulator of a rotational pendulum benchmark simulator and an electro-mechanical positioning experimental validation test-bench. We also debate that, even if the qLPV scheduling function is erroneously selected, the framework is still able to offer a reasonably trustworthy representation of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animals frequently engage in anti-predator behaviour, but the intensity and choice of behaviour is likely dependent on the environment. We used a common-garden experiment to test whether Allenby's gerbils (Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi) from different sites in the Negev Desert show different responses to the same level of risk. We tested whether animals from less covered (more risky) environments cope with predation risk better by foraging longer and faster in open microhabitats. To do so, we captured individuals from three areas that differ in vegetation cover and then quantified food consumption and apprehension in a standard outdoor vivarium (an enclosure). This vivarium simulated a natural environment, with natural moonlight, artificial cover, and two live owls. Animals from less vegetated environments consumed more food but foraged slower and with more apprehension. We also found that some populations prefer to forage more in the first quarter of the lunar cycle than the third, and others prefer the opposite, despite these moon phases having equal luminosity. That suggests an evolutionary coordination game might be at play. Our results show anti-predator behaviour is diverse among populations and similar within, which may hint the existence of different ecotypes if further differences are found. Significance statement: In this study, we analysed whether anti-predator behaviour is consistent within populations, and different among them. We found that gerbils have different anti-predator behaviour depending on their site of origin, and that difference continues even when placed in a common environment. Animals from environments poor in cover foraged slowly and more carefully but did so for a longer time. Interestingly, we also found that when animals from different locations are placed in the same environment together, the average behaviour of this mixed group is similar to the most cautious of the mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-sized fishes play a crucial ecological role in the dynamics of riverine systems, but their low dispersal capacity and high endemism make them highly vulnerable to environmental change. In the Neotropical region, each watershed typically supports unique populations of small-sized fishes, and in this study, we used Psalidodon paranae (Characidae) as a model to understand the relationships between its population patterns (including age, growth, and reproductive biology) and environmental characteristics. Standardised monthly sampling of P. paranae was carried out at ten sampling sites from June 2010 to May 2011, and environmental variables (including water quality and river characteristics) were measured to characterise these sites. Multivariate techniques and generalised linear models were used to analyse the longitudinal distribution of P. paranae, which was significantly influenced by river depth and width, and suspended solid concentrations. Linear and non-linear models were used to describe the length–weight relationship (resulting in an isometric pattern, b = 3.0256) and the growth patterns (L∞ = 21.8 cm, k = 0.51 year−1, and Φ′ = 2.3989). The analysis of gonadal maturity was combined with somatic and reproductive indices, allowing the identification of spawning periods (occurring mainly during the austral summer) and areas (sites with headwater characteristics). Our results indicate that P. paranae has a good adaptability to the different environmental conditions, and this first assessment of age and growth parameters constitutes a reference for monitoring and further evaluation of long-term changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of aluminum sulfate (AS) as a chemical treatment for plant fibers aims to protect them against the aggressions of the alkaline environment provided by cement. This research aimed to understand the effects of treatment with AS (chemical modification) at concentrations of 0%, 4% and 11% on the surface of Kraft pulp of Pinus spp. and to evaluate the composites generated on the 28th day of curing and after 200 cycles of accelerated aging. The results suggest that AS is a surface modifying agent and will be homogeneously deposited on the surface of plant fibers. In addition, the experimental data showed that treatment with AS reduced water absorption by approximately 3% and apparent porosity by 10% in cementitious composites. In contrast, the limit of proportionality increased with both AS concentrations. Furthermore, the modulus of elasticity of the composites produced with the fibers treated with AS increased considerably in relation to that of the fiber-cement sample with 0% AS. The modulus of rupture (MOR) of the 4% AS treatment sample was considerably greater than that of the control sample, both on the 28th day and after the aging cycles. On the other hand, no considerable changes were observed in the MOR of the composites produced from fibers treated with 11% AS compared to the control. The specific energy of the fiber-cement composites with 4% and 11% AS was considerably lower than that of the control sample. These data reflect the methods of applying cementitious composites, which can be used in the manufacturing of covering tiles that yield better results in terms of the modulus of elasticity (MOE). On the other hand, those composites that obtained higher MOR and specific energy (SE) values may be suitable for the production of both tile and flat plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phloroglucinol (PL) or 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene is a phenolic compound used therapeutically for its antispasmodic properties. However, an overdose or prolonged exposure to PL can have harmful effects on human health. This work describes for the first time the development of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor to determine PL. The proposed sensor is based on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate modified with bismuth calcium tantalate (CaBi2Ta2O9), a ceramic perovskite powder, and bismuth vanadate (BiVO4). Both materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of the BiVO4/CaBi2Ta2O9/FTO platform was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The photoelectrochemical response of the platform was evaluated by exploiting with light from a 36 W LED lamp confined in a low-cost homemade box. The BiVO4/CaBi2Ta2O9/FTO sensor showed superior photocurrent response compared to the FTO modified by the individual components (BiVO4/FTO and CaBi2Ta2O9/FTO). Under optimized experimental conditions, the photoelectrochemical sensor showed two linear ranges for PL concentrations ranging from 1 up to 900 μmol L−1 and from 900 up to 2000 μmol L−1, respectively. The BiVO4/CaBi2Ta2O9/FTO sensor exhibited excellent results regarding precision, accuracy, and selectivity for PL detection. PL determination was successfully performed in water and artificial urine samples, with recovery values between 100.1 and 102.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insufficient evidence regarding how maternal undernutrition affects craniofacial bone development persists. With its unique focus on the impact of gestational protein restriction on calvaria and mandible osteogenesis, this study aims to fill, at least in part, this gap. Female mice were mated and randomized into NP (normal protein) or LP (low protein) groups. On the 18th gestational day (GD), male embryos were collected and submitted to microtomography (µCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), PCR, and autophagy dynamic analyses. The study shows that the LP offspring exhibited lower body mass than the NP group, with µCT analysis revealing no volumetric differences in fetus's head. EDS analysis showed lower calcium and higher phosphorus percentages in mandibles and calvaria. SEM assessment evidenced higher hydroxyapatite crystal-like (HC) deposition on the calvaria surface in LP fetus. Conversely, lower HC deposition was observed on the mandible surface, suggesting delayed matrix mineralization in LP fetuses with a higher percentage of collagen fibers in the mandible bone. The autophagy process was reduced in the mesenchyme of LP fetuses. PCR array analysis of 84 genes revealed 27 genes with differential expression in the LP progeny—moreover, increased mRNA levels of Akt1, Mtor, Nfkb, and Smad1 in the LP offspring. In conclusion, the results suggest that gestational protein restriction anticipated bone differentiation in utero, before 18GD, where this process is reduced compared to the control, leading to the reduction in bone area at 15 postnatal day previously observed. These findings provide insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of mandible development and suggest potential implications for the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bariatric surgery is a widely used intervention for significant weight loss, yet some patients face challenges with insufficient weight loss or weight regain post-surgery. To address this issue, adjunctive treatments like glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are being explored for their potential to enhance weight loss outcomes. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of GLP1-RAs in improving weight loss after bariatric surgery compared to a placebo. By systematically reviewing and analyzing data from three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 130 patients, we found that GLP1-RA therapy, particularly liraglutide (1.8-3 mg), significantly reduced mean BMI and body weight percentage at six months. Future studies should explore newer GLP1-RAs with weekly dosing and include longer follow-up periods to assess the durability of these outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the antitrypanosomiasis activity of a synthetic dichloro-substituted aminochalcone via in vitro assays against infected cell cultures, as well as a theoretical characterization of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics against the protein targets of the evolutionary cycle of T. cruzi. The in vitro evaluation of parasite proliferation inhibition was performed via cytotoxicity analysis on mammalian host cells, effect on epimastigote and trypomastigote forms, and cell death analysis, while computer simulations characterized the electronic structure of (2E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (DCl), the mechanism of action against the proteins of the evolutionary cycle of T. cruzi: Cruzain, Trypanothione reductase, TcGAPDH, and CYP51 by molecular docking and dynamics and predictive pharmacokinetics by MPO-based ADMET. The in vitro tests showed that the DCl LC50 in order of 178.9 ± 23.9 was similar to the BZN, evidencing the effectiveness of chalcone against Trypomastigotes. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations suggest that DCl acts on the active site of the CYP51 receptor, with hydrogen interactions that showed a high degree of occupation, establishing a stable complex with the target. MPO analysis and ADMET prediction tests suggest that the compound presents an alignment between permeability and hepatic clearance, although it presents low metabolic stability. Chalcone showed stable pharmacodynamics against the CYP51 target, but can form reactive metabolites from N-conjugation and C = C epoxidation, as an indication of controlled oral dose, although the estimated LD50 rate > 500 mg/kg is a indicative of low incidence of lethality by ingestion, constituting a promising therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Craniofacial morphology is integral to Sleep Breathing Disorders (SBD), particularly Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), informing treatment strategies. This review assesses the utility of two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry in evaluating these metrics among OSA patients. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Embase, and Lilacs databases were systematically searched for studies utilizing 2D photography in SBD. Findings were narratively synthesized. Results: Thirteen studies involving 2,328 patients were included. Significant correlations were found between craniofacial measurements—specifically neck parameters and facial width—and OSA severity, even after BMI adjustment. Ethnic disparities in craniofacial morphology were observed, with photogrammetry effective in predicting OSA in Caucasians and Asians, though data for other ethnicities were limited. Pediatric studies suggest the potential of craniofacial measurements as predictors of childhood OSA, with certain caveats. Conclusion: 2D photogrammetry emerges as a practical and non-invasive tool correlating with OSA severity across diverse populations. However, further validation in various ethnic cohorts is essential to enhance the generalizability of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobials fight microorganisms, preventing and treating infectious diseases. However, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern due to the inappropriate and excessive use of these drugs. Several mechanisms can lead to resistance, including efflux pumps such as the NorA pump in Staphylococcus aureus, which reduces the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones. Thiadiazines are heterocyclic compounds whose chemical structure resembles that of cephalosporins. Therefore, these compounds and their derivatives have been studied for their potential in combating increased bacterial resistance. To analyze this hypothesis, direct activity assays, antibiotic action-modifying activity, fluorescence assays to evaluate the retention of ethidium bromide inside bacteria, and molecular docking were carried out. These experiments involved serial dilutions in microplates against Staphylococcus aureus strain 1199B under the influence of six thiadiazine derivatives (IJ10, IJ11, IJ21, IJ22, IJ23, and IJ25). The tests revealed that, despite not showing effective direct activity, some thiadiazine derivatives (IJ11, IJ21, and IJ22) inhibited the function of the bromide pump both in microdilution tests and in fluorescence and docking assays. Particularly, the IJ11 compound stood out for its activity similar to efflux inhibitors, as well as its inhibition of the norfloxacin pump of this bacterium. Among the results of this study, it deserves to be highlighted for anchoring future experiments, as it represents the first investigation of this group of thiadiazine derivatives against the NorA pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the scaling properties of the non-equilibrium stationary states (NESS) of a reaction-diffusion model. Under a suitable smallness condition, we show that the density of particles satisfies a law of large numbers with respect to the NESS, with an explicit rate of convergence, and we also show that at mesoscopic scales the NESS is well approximated by a local equilibrium (product) measure, in the total variation distance. In addition, in dimensions d ≤ 3 we show a central limit theorem for the density of particles under the NESS. The corresponding Gaussian limit can be represented as an independent sum of a white noise and a massive Gaussian free field, and in particular it presents macroscopic correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytauxzoon spp. have been detected in Brazil infecting mainly asymptomatic domestic cats and wild felids. However, the supposed genetic similarity with the pathogenic Cytauxzoon felis is questionable because it is based on analysis of short sequences of the 18S rRNA gene. Herein, we describe a novel Cytauxzoon species infecting an asymptomatic little-spotted-cat (Leopardus tigrinus) based on morphological, histopathological, and molecular analyses. The animal was attended presenting a history of a run-over with multiple traumas. Although the little-spotted-cat was stabilized, he died a few days later. Ring-shaped merozoites within erythrocytes were found on blood smears and in the abdominal effusion. In addition, schizonts were observed in histiocytes in the liver. Phylogenetic analyses based on both near-complete 18S rRNA and cytb genes positioned the obtained sequences in a unique clade, albeit closely related to Cytauxzoon felis from the USA. Genetic divergences ranging from 0.004 and 0.067–0.068 were found between the near-complete 18S rRNA and cytb sequences of Cytauxzoon sp. detected in the little-spotted-cat and C. felis, respectively. This study evidenced the circulation of a novel Cytauxzoon species, herein named Cytauxzoon brasiliensissp. nov., in an asymptomatic wild felid species from Brazil. Further studies are necessary to identify Cytauxzoon species from domestic and wild felids in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several efforts have been extensively accomplished for the amelioration of the cancer treatments using different types of new drugs and less invasives therapies in comparison with the traditional therapeutic modalities, which are widely associated with numerous drawbacks, such as drug resistance, non-selectivity and high costs, restraining their clinical response. The application of natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of different cancer cells has attracted significant attention from the pharmaceuticals and scientific communities over the past decades. Although the use of nanotechnology in cancer therapy is still in the preliminary stages, the application of nanotherapeutics has demonstrated to decrease the various limitations related to the use of natural compounds, such as physical/chemical instability, poor aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. Despite the nanotechnology has emerged as a promise to improve the bioavailability of the natural compounds, there are still limited clinical trials performed for their application with various challenges required for the pre-clinical and clinical trials, such as production at an industrial level, assurance of nanotherapeutics long-term stability, physiological barriers and safety and regulatory issues. This review highlights the most recent advances in the nanocarriers for natural compounds secreted from plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms, as well as their role on cell signaling pathways for anticancer treatments. Additionally, the clinical status and the main challenges regarding the natural compounds loaded in nanocarriers for clinical applications were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(-)-Carvone, a ketone monoterpene, is the main component of essential oils from several medicinal plants and has been reported to have anti-arthriric, anticonvulsive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spasmolytic activity of (-)-carvone in rodent models. The isolated virgin rat uterus was mounted in an organ bath apparatus, and the relaxing effect of (−)-carvone and its mechanism of action were evaluated in tonic contractions induced by carbachol, KCl, PGF2α, or oxytocin. The animal model of primary dysmenorrhea was replicated with the injection of estradiol benzoate in female mice for three consecutive days, followed by intraperitoneal administration of oxytocin. Non-clinical acute toxicity evaluation was also performed. (-)-Carvone potency and effectiveness were larger in carbachol (pEC50 = 5.41 ± 0.14 and Emax = 92.63 ± 1.90% at 10–3 M) or oxytocin (pEC50 = 4.29 ± 0.17 and Emax = 86.69 ± 1.56% at 10–3 M) contractions. The effect of (−)-carvone was altered in the presence of 4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide, L-NAME, or methylene blue. Mice pre-treated with (-)-carvone at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in the number of writhing after oxytocin administration. No toxicity was observed after oral administration of 1 g/kg (−)-carvone. Taken together, we showed that (-)-carvone reduced writhing by a spasmolytic effect, probably through the participation of KV and KATP channels and the nitric oxide pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of waste has a profound impact on the environment, prompting a crucial discussion about effective waste management strategies aligned with Oman Vision 2040's sustainability goals. The consequences of municipal solid waste generation have multifaceted impacts on the environment, public health, and overall well-being of communities. Addressing these consequences requires a holistic approach that includes the integration of sustainable waste management technologies to foster a circular economy. This paper emphasizes the necessity for a paradigm shift in waste management methodologies, emphasizing the importance of Hyperspectral Imaging and Big Data Analytics into municipal solid waste management processes. This paper explores the synergistic relationship between hyperspectral imaging which is capable of precise material identification, and big data analytics to facilitate comprehensive data analysis. The integration aims to optimize waste segregation, resource recovery, and recycling processes. The utilization of data-driven insights enables predictive modeling and the identification of trends thereby facilitating more efficient and sustainable waste management practices. The harnessing of big data analytics empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions in waste management to achieve long-term environmental, and economic sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Recent studies have investigated if the sodium fluorescein-guided (SFg) improves the extent of resection of BMs when compared to standard white light (sWL). Therefore, we aimed to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of SFg and sWL for resection of BMs. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines for studies reporting comparative data of SFg and WL resection of BMs. We pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals under random effects and applied I² statistics and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis to assess heterogeneity. I² > 40% was considered significant for heterogeneity. Results: Five studies involving 816 patients were included, of whom 390 underwent BMs resection with SFg and 426 with sWL, and ages ranging between 26 and 86.2 years old. Analysis revealed a statistically significant higher likelihood of complete resection in the SFg group when compared to the sWL group (OR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.18–3.92, p = 0.01; I² = 47%). Sensitivity analysis revealed a consistent result in all five scenarios, with low heterogeneity in two of the five scenarios. Three studies reported significant improvement in OS in the SFg group, and the qualitative assessment of complications and procedure-related mortality did not provide sufficient information for conclusions. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified a higher likelihood of complete resection in the SFg group when compared to the standard sWL group. This study is the first to directly compare the impact of SFg and sWL on resection outcomes for BMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an urgent public health concern in Brazil. We evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution of VL to better understand the effects of economic activities related to agriculture, livestock, and deforestation on its incidence in the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA). The data on newly confirmed cases of VL in Brazilian municipalities from 2007 to 2020 were extracted from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and analyzed. The data on agricultural production (planted area in hectares) and livestock (total number of cattle) were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), whereas deforestation data (in hectares) were obtained from the Amazon Deforestation Estimation Project (PRODES). SatScan and the local indicators of spatial association (LISA) were used to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of VL and its relationships with economic and environmental variables. The cumulative incidence rate was found to be 4.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Based on the LISA results, areas with a high incidence of VL and deforestation were identified in the states of Roraima, Pará, and Maranhão. Strengthening deforestation monitoring programs and environmental enforcement actions can help implement public policies to control illegal deforestation and mitigate the socio-environmental vulnerability in the BLA. Therefore, areas identified in this study should be prioritized for controlling VL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polylactic acid/chitosan (PLA/CS) and poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) are considered potential blends for use in tissue engineering, since when obtained in the form of 3D fibers they can form structures with high porosity, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity and morphology similar to tissues and organs. However, there is a scarce number of reports in the literature addressing the production of systems based on 3D fibrous mixtures of PVA or PLA with high chitosan amount because of the difficulty in spinning CS into stable structures using acidic solutions, and without further employment of cross-linking agents. Therefore, this work focused on a novel procedure to prepare 3D fibrous structures of PVA and PLA with high chitosan content, combining the solution blow spinning technique, a heated air environment and the use of eco-friendly solvents, without using crosslinking agents. The influence of CS incorporation on the as-prepared structures was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, contact angle measurement, porosity, swelling and degradation tests. Rheological tests evidenced that an increase in the CS content implies a greater viscosity of the spinning solutions, hindering the fibrillar structures formation. Fibers produced showed a randomly interconnected and highly porous fibrous cotton-wool-like structure, with fiber diameters ranging from 481 to 637 nm for PVA/CS systems, and from 1276 to 2050 nm for PLA/CS systems. A decrease in the thermal stability of the blend-based fibers and an increase in hydrophilicity, porosity, swelling and in vitro biodegradation were observed in the blend systems. Results indicate that the obtained fibrillar structures possess morphological and physical characteristics that may be interesting for application as 3D fibrous scaffolds in tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Post-burn hypertrophic scars are an important cause of physical discomfort, limitation of movements, psychological disorders, low self-esteem and reduced quality of life. Treatment for this condition is complex and involves several options. Microneedling, also known as minimally invasive percutaneous collagen induction, is an affordable minimally invasive option that can be combined with other treatments, including ablative ones. Objective: The goal of this study was to present our microneedling approach for the treatment of hypertrophic scars after burns. Method: A prospective study of 15 patients with post-burn hypertrophic scars was conducted between October 2016 and June 2022. All patients were treated with microneedling and drug delivery of triamcinolone. Scars were evaluated using Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), Burn Scar Assessment Scale (BSAS) and angle measurement for amplitude of movement evaluation of joints. Results: A significant improvement in the VSS score was obtained after microneedling (8.8 ± 0.44 to 4.1 ± 0.98; p = 0.012), especially in the acute group (less than 1 year after burns): 9.3 ± 0.49 to 3.5 ± 1.36; p = 0.041. There was a significant and progressive improvement of the scars throughout the treatment sessions in all criteria evaluated and in the ranges of joint movement (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Our microneedling protocol promoted a significant improvement of post-burn scars, especially in acute hypertrophic scars, and in the amplitude of joint motion. Sequential treatments provided progressive improvement. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inherited retinal dystrophies/degenerations (IRDs) are the leading cause of visual impairment and incurable familial blindness in the Western world. Given the clinical and genetic heterogeneity, establishing a molecular diagnosis is especially relevant. The aim of this study was to perform the first nationwide survey to understand the prevalence and current management of IRDs in Portugal. A response was obtained from 26 healthcare providers (HCP) (76.5% response rate). Only 4 respondents reported not managing IRD patients. Most HCPs (68.1%) reported managing up to 100 patients, while three currently manage between 501 and 1000 patients. Based on the Portuguese population, an estimated IRD prevalence of 0.031%, i.e., about 1 in 3000 individuals, was calculated. In most HCPs (86.3%), most patients are adults, and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa is the most frequent diagnosis. Only 4 HCPs currently use the national, web-based IRD registry (IRD-PT). However, all but one respondent expressed interest in participating in such a registry. Genetic testing is available in 54.5%, with 58.3% HCPs reporting solved rates between 61–80%, but 4 to 9 months to get a genetic test result in 83.4% of cases. Based on this survey, the prevalence of biallelic RPE65-associated disease in Portugal is 0.00031%, i.e., approximately 1:300,000 individuals. Data from this study provide vital background information on national differences in the diagnosis and management of IRD patients. Nationwide implementation of the IRD-PT registry should be encouraged and supported to provide population-based reference data and to identify patients eligible for current and future therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin, a major plant cell wall component, has an important role in plant-defense mechanisms against pathogens and is a promising renewable carbon source to produce bio-based chemicals. However, our understanding of microbial metabolism is incomplete regarding certain lignin-related compounds like p-coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols. Here, we reveal peripheral pathways for the catabolism of the three main lignin precursors (p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols) in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri. Our study demonstrates all the necessary enzymatic steps for funneling these monolignols into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, concurrently uncovering aryl aldehyde reductases that likely protect the pathogen from aldehydes toxicity. It also shows that lignin-related aromatic compounds activate transcriptional responses related to chemotaxis and flagellar-dependent motility, which might play an important role during plant infection. Together our findings provide foundational knowledge to support biotechnological advances for both plant diseases treatments and conversion of lignin-derived compounds into bio-based chemicals. Plants strengthen their cell walls with lignin to prevent pathogen colonization. Here, Martim et al show how Xanthomonas citri degrades lignin precursors and detoxifies lignin-derived molecules to overcome this plant defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants (PGV) in Brazilian pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) patients, that represent a multiethnic population, in a cross-sectional study. We included 192 PC patients unselected for family history of cancer. We evaluated a panel of 113 cancer genes, through genomic DNA sequencing and 46 ancestry-informative markers, through multiplex PCR. The median age was 61 years; 63.5% of the patients presented disease clinical stages III or IV; 8.3% reported personal history of cancer; 4.7% and 16.1% reported first-degree relatives with PC or breast and/or prostate cancer, respectively. Although the main ancestry was European, there was considerable genetic composition admixture. Twelve patients (6.25%) were PGV carriers in PC predisposition genes (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDKN2A, MSH2, PALB2) and another 25 (13.0%) were PGV carriers in genes with a limited association or not previously associated with PC (ACD, BLM, BRIP1, CHEK2, ERCC4, FANCA, FANCE, FANCM, GALNT12, MITF, MRE11, MUTYH, POLE, RAD51B, RAD51C, RECQL4, SDHA, TERF2IP). The most frequently affected genes were CHEK2, ATM and FANC. In tumor samples from PGV carriers in ACD, BRIP1, MRE11, POLE, SDHA, TERF2IP, which were examined through exome sequencing, the main single base substitutions (SBS) mutational signature was SBS1+5+18, probably associated with age, tobacco smoking and reactive oxygen species. SBS3 associated with homologous repair deficiency was also represented, but on a lower scale. There was no difference in the frequency of PGV carriers between: (a) patients with or without first-degree relatives with cancer; and (b) patients with admixed ancestry versus those with predominantly European ancestry. Furthermore, there was no difference in overall survival between PGV carriers and non-carriers. Therefore, genetic testing should be offered to all Brazilian pancreatic cancer patients, regardless of their ancestry. Genes with limited or previously unrecognized associations with pancreatic cancer should be further investigated to clarify their role in cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on microplastics (MPs) has attracted much attention as to how microplastics can act as carriers of these pollutants. Polyurethane (PU) is one of the MPs found in aquatic environments, containing different functional groups it can interact with polar and nonpolar molecules. PAH derivatives (dPAHs) present different properties and thus can be adsorbed by different interactions; thus, this study investigated the adsorption of fluorene (FLN), dibenzothiophene (DBT), dibenzofuran (DBF), and carbazole (CBZ) onto PU MP. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and BET isotherm models were examined, and the BET model best fitted. The adsorption was a nonspontaneous process, exothermic for mono- and multilayer formation for FLN, DBT, and CBZ, and endothermic for DBF monolayer formation. The adsorption monolayer was formed by van der Waals forces, H─bonding, and π─π interactions, while the formation of the multilayer can be explained by π─π and hydrophobic interactions. The pseudo-second-order model proved to be more consistent for the adsorption of dPAHs. The adsorption in artificial seawater shows no significant differences for the monolayer but favored the adsorption multilayer due to the salting-out effect. Due to the existence of several adsorption mechanisms, PU MP interacts with dPAHs in greater quantities when compared to a MP with a simpler structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncogenic mutations are abundant in the tissues of healthy individuals, but rarely form tumours1–3. Yet, the underlying protection mechanisms are largely unknown. To resolve these mechanisms in mouse mammary tissue, we use lineage tracing to map the fate of wild-type and Brca1−/−;Trp53−/− cells, and find that both follow a similar pattern of loss and spread within ducts. Clonal analysis reveals that ducts consist of small repetitive units of self-renewing cells that give rise to short-lived descendants. This offers a first layer of protection as any descendants, including oncogenic mutant cells, are constantly lost, thereby limiting the spread of mutations to a single stem cell-descendant unit. Local tissue remodelling during consecutive oestrous cycles leads to the cooperative and stochastic loss and replacement of self-renewing cells. This process provides a second layer of protection, leading to the elimination of most mutant clones while enabling the minority that by chance survive to expand beyond the stem cell-descendant unit. This leads to fields of mutant cells spanning large parts of the epithelial network, predisposing it for transformation. Eventually, clone expansion becomes restrained by the geometry of the ducts, providing a third layer of protection. Together, these mechanisms act to eliminate most cells that acquire somatic mutations at the expense of driving the accelerated expansion of a minority of cells, which can colonize large areas, leading to field cancerization.The authors use lineage tracing to map the fate of wild-type and Brca1−/−;Trp53−/− cells in the adult mouse mammary gland, identifying three layers of protection that limit the spread of mutant cells at the expense of allowing a minority of mutant cells to expand, which leads to field cancerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water deficit resulting from climate variations limits the profitability and sustainability of sugarcane fields, making water supply through irrigation necessary to sustain the potential production of sugarcane. However, the water used for irrigation purposes must be properly managed, ensuring the conservation of water resources and the reduction of costs with the use of inputs and energy. Pulsed drip irrigation aims to support irrigation management, improving the efficient use of water and mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit. This study aims to evaluate the growth, productivity, and industrial yield of sugarcane cultivated under continuous and pulsed drip irrigation. A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Sugarcane Station of Carpina, in Carpina in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, from December 2020 to December 2021. The experimental arrangement was randomized blocks in a 2 x 5 factorial design, with two types of irrigation application (pulsed and continuous) and five irrigation levels (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc), with four replications. Pulsed drip irrigation increased the yield of stalks (9%) and sugar (21%) in the sugarcane crop and ethanol (17%) derived from sugar in the juice. Pulsed drip irrigation, when compared to continuous irrigation, improved the performance of sugarcane, providing a reduction in water consumption and increasing growth, stalk yield, sugar and predicted ethanol yield. Thus, based on this study, pulse irrigation is an efficient approach to irrigation management, contributing to the stability of sugarcane production while conserving water relative to continuous irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific tools capable of identifying distribution patterns of species are important as they contribute to improve knowledge about biodiversity and species dynamics. The present study aims to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum 1792) in the Portuguese continental waters, relating the spatiotemporal variability of biomass index with the environmental conditions. Acoustic data was collected during Portuguese spring acoustic surveys (PELAGO) over a total of 16,370 hauls from 2000 to 2020 (gap in 2012). We propose a spatiotemporal species distribution model that relies on a two-part model for species presence and biomass under presence, such that the biomass process is defined as the product of these two processes. Environmental information is incorporated with time lags, allowing a set of lags with associated weights to be suggested for each explanatory variable. This approach makes the model more complete and realistic, capable of reducing prediction bias and mitigating outliers in covariates caused by extreme events. In addition, based on the posterior predictive distributions obtained, we propose a method of classifying the occupancy areas by the target species within the study region. This classification provides a quite helpful tool for decision makers aiming at marine sustainability and conservation. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants from Brazilian tropical grasslands of the cerrado biome (also referred to as the Cerrado region) are characterized by the possessing of belowground bud-bearing organs that may be of stem or root origin that enhance the likelihood of surviving a dry season or fire. The root-derived bud bank is referred to when speaking about adventitious sprouting from roots. Root buds or root sprouts allow rapid regrowth after a disturbance or a period of adverse climatic conditions and have the potential to generate clonal populations. Adventitious sprouting from roots is well known to occur in Brazil in perennial species, mainly woody plants. In the present study, we investigate the occurrence of adventitious buds on roots of the annual species Siphanthera arenaria (DC.) Cogn., which is endemic to the Serra do Espinhaço range in Brazil and grows in an area of the cerrado biome. Shoots emerging from the root system of S. arenaria were assessed in a microscopic analysis and classified as reparative-type buds emerging from the cortical parenchyma. The presence of root buds in Siphantera arenaria represents the first record for the Melastomataceae family in the cerrado biome and also the first record of a root bud in an annual species for this biome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A new species of Cattleya ser. Parviflorae (Orchidaceae) is here described from the campos rupestres of the Diamantina Plateau, part of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, SE Brazil. The new species is named Cattleya attenboroughiana and it is here compared to the most similar taxa and illustrated with photographs. The new species is likely a microendemic but the available data is insufficient for a precise conservation status assessment, so we consider it Data Deficient (DD), reinforcing the need for further exploration in the Diamantina Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles represent an innovative class of drug delivery systems that have gained increasing interest in nanotechnology applied to medicine. This study focused on the development of two Polyglycerol/PolyCaprolactone Nanocopolymers to be able to carry pharmaceuticals. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR, NMR, TG, DSC, MALDI, SEM, and DLS techniques. Two monomer initiators (glycerol and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane) have been used, and the polymerization was obtained by anionic ring-opening polymerization of the glycerol carbonate, with CO2 liberation leading to a branched polyether. The hyperbranched polymer was employed as a macroinitiator to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, resulting in the multiarm star copolymers. The structures for the nanocopolymers were proposed based on nuclear magnetic resonance results. Hemolytic studies revealed that the copolymers do not have hemolytic activity. The copolymers were tested for safety against human cells and toxicity in cancer cells. The tests indicated that they are safe for in vivo applications and do not have anti-cancer efficiency, corroborating their purpose as a polymeric support for drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish waste is a major environmental pollution problem and requires costly treatment prior to disposal. Conversion of fish waste to economically important and eco-friendly products will make fishing and fish processing more valuable and sustainable. This study evaluated waste residues from fish processing waste subjected to conventional physical extraction of fish oil for single-cell oil production using oleaginous yeast. Potential application of the single-cell oil to produce biodiesel was evaluated. The treatment containing fish waste residue (5%, w/v) and glucose (20 g/L, w/v) displayed the highest rate (14%) of total lipid generation. The fish waste residue proved to be a good nitrogen source for the oleaginous yeast, Rhodotorula sp. R1. At 15% (w/v) fish waste residue and 20% (w/v) glucose amendment of the medium, the highest biomass production was observed. The yeast bio-oil has a lipid profile like vegetable oils and consists of mainly long-chain fatty acids (between C14 and C24) which are suitable for biodiesel production. The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), elaidic acid (C18:1n-9t), and stearic acid (C18:0). FTIR analysis of the transesterification reaction product using the yeast oil confirmed its conversion to biodiesel. Although glucose amendment of medium supported lipid accumulation, it can be replaced with wastes rich in sugars to decrease the cost of single-cell bio-oil production. Results indicate the potential secondary value of fish processing waste in the cultivation of oleaginous yeast for bio-oil and biodiesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several strategies can be used to treat skin injuries, among which the use of hydrogel-based dressings stands out due to its wet wound healing process. In this class, chitosan-based hydrogels stand out due to the good characteristics of this matrix, which include its high biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and ability to act as a carrier for local delivery of actives. Therefore, the objective of this work was to obtain chitosan hydrogel (CS) crosslinked with tripolyphosphate (TPP), containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from chicken eggshell and/or collagen tripeptide (Tcol) for regeneration of skin. To obtain the systems, the CS concentration was fixed at 1% m/m in relation to the acetic acid solution, and 1 and 2% m/m of (CaCO3) and/or 5% m/m of Tcol were used, both in relation to CS mass. The obtained systems were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties of the systems, Tcol release and cytocompatibility and cellular adhesion of L929 fibroblasts. The results indicated that there is no formation of chemical bonds and/or strong chemical interactions between the actives and the CS matrix. Furthermore, it was observed that the systems do not generate cytotoxicity to the L929 fibroblast lineage and have an average porosity of around 70% with pore sizes between 200 and 500 μm. The Tcol release profile of the systems showed an initial burst effect in the first two hours followed by a Tcol release for up to 20 h. The addition of Tcol did not change the degree of porosity, swelling and cytocompatibility of the gels, but it increased the cell adhesion of fibroblasts to the scaffold. CaCO3, in turn, tended to slightly reduce the porosity and swelling of the gels and generated a reduction in the Tcol release rate, without altering the biological properties of the hydrogels. Regarding the compressive strength of the systems, the presence of the Tcol active ingredient did not significantly alter the strength of the systems; however, calcium carbonate tended to increase the compressive strength of the evaluated systems by 7–11%. Based on the results obtained, chitosan-based gels containing CaCO3, and Tcol shows promise for application in skin wound regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]