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In this present study, energy consumption behavior and performance of the submersible pumping system running at different sites in the Barind Tract of Bangladesh have been investigated and compared with those of the lab test results of new pumps. It is found that the efficiency of the running pumps is 20–40% lower than that of laboratory efficiency. The total operating head of the submersible pump includes a parameter known as “drawdown” which has a significant effect on its performance. The drawdown characteristics of a 15 HP submersible pump have been studied in the laboratory by varying bore well diameter. It is observed that the amount of drawdown, as well as efficiency, decreases significantly with increasing bore well diameter. This work provides new ideas by incorporating three different mechanical devices (plane, bowl, and propeller) attached to the delivery pipe near the pump to achieve higher efficiency as well as lower energy consumption and compared while using no device. It is possible to obtain 55% efficiency by using a bowl type of a mechanical device in an 8-in bore well that is 5% higher while using no device. On the other hand, there is an opportunity to attain 57% efficiency by using all three devices (plane, bowl, and propeller) at a time in 8-in bore well that is 7% higher while using no attachment. By integrating the mechanical devices in the Talaimari pumping site of Rajshahi Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (RWASA), the annual cost and energy savings will be 61,964.52 BDT and 8074.56 kWh, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Barail sandstone in the Surma Basin is a medium- to coarse-grained pinkish-colored rock exposed near the northeastern margin of Bangladesh. In this study, we evaluated the reservoir quality of the Barail sandstone based on its petrophysical and petrographic characteristics. Petrophysical analyses of outcropped samples showed that sandstones are made up of 16.48% porosity and 132.48 mD permeability. Sandstone density ranges from 1.94 g/cm3 to 2.37 g/cm3, with a mean value of 2.12 g/cm3, shown as moderately compacted sandstone. Integrated data such as bulk density, porosity, permeability, Rock Quality Index (RQI), Normalized Porosity Index (NPI), Flow Zone Indicator (FZI), compressive strength, etc. with their relationships indicate that Barail sandstone owing characters to become a good petroleum reservoir. The rock samples consisted mainly of quartz with an insignificant amount of rock fragments and plagioclase feldspar and are categorized as sub-arkose to sub-litharenite. The rock samples also contains lithic (andesine, microcline, muscovite, biotite, etc.) of granitic and gneissic fabric and some volcanic product like aguite, albite, andesine, garnet, spinel and ulvo-spinel indicating the source of nearby orogeny. The euhedral to subhedral shape of the quartz grain in a porphyritic texture, moderately sorted with a smaller amount of clay minerals indicating the moderately mature rock type. The iron oxide border around the quartz grain also indicates that the Barail sandstone was deposited under dry climatic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic is one of the fundamental persuasive of diabetic nephropathy and significantly sparks off kidney diseases and end stage renal failure globally. Method: The current research was carried out to evaluate hypoglycemic potential and nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Mikania scandens leaves by using alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. The mice were intraperitoneally treated with (200 mg/kg) Mikania scandens leaves extract and standard (120 mg/kg) metformin HCL solution up to 22 days. During this treatment period, we collected blood for evaluation of different types of parameters such as blood glucose level body weight at 0, 15, 22th days, serum creatinine, uric acid, total protein were estimated at the end of the experiment (day 22). Result: Mikania scandens leaves extract significantly (p < 0.05) lessen blood glucose level, serum creatinine, total protein and uric acid. Apart this, cytotoxicity studies were assessed by Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay. By this method, we measure the dose of LC50. The plant has high LC50 dose thus cytotoxicity has ensued at massive amount and safe to administer. Conclusion: Lowering of serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein recommend that the ethanolic extract of Mikania scandens possess potent nephroprotective activity and assure the traditional avail of this plant in the management of diabetes nephropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]