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Two geological steering models, the particle swarm support vector machine (PSO-SVM) and the gray wolf support vector machine (GWO–SVM), were analyzed to determine the models' optimal global parameters. The fitness function was used to compare and analyze the models, while the original data and feature reconstruction data were used to simulate and analyze the models. The most suitable model for shale gas geosteering identification was selected; the multi-source information fusion for the shale gas geosteering design was completed; and a complete geosteering discrimination model was established. Research on the shale gas geosteering identification system with multi-source information fusion was conducted, and we completed the technical scheme design of shale gas geosteering discrimination system with multi-source information fusion, supported the ground real-time data acquisition system, processed the geosteering discrimination, and completed the demand analysis of the shale gas geosteering discrimination system with multi-source information fusion. In the process of drilling, the relationship between the trajectory and the formation position was analyzed, and the drilling trajectory was monitored. The system mainly included the software main interface, data, and geosteering identification module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Data on the efficacy and safety of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with cancer are limited. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety between NOACs and warfarin in this population. Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for articles published through July 2020 was performed. An evaluation of each study was conducted, and data were extracted. Pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates and 95% CIs were calculated. Results: Eight studies (3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 5 retrospective cohort studies) involving a total of 24,665 patients were included. Among the RCTs, there were no significant differences in the rates of stroke or systemic embolism (OR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.45–1.06; P=0.09), venous thromboembolism (OR=0.91; 95% CI, 0.33–2.52; P=0.86), myocardial infarction (OR=0.74; 95% CI, 0.44–1.23; P=0.24), major bleeding (OR=0.81; 95% CI, 0.61–1.06; P=0.12), or major or nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding (OR= 0.98; 95% CI, 0.82–1.19; P=0.86) between the NOAC and warfarin groups. Among the observational studies, patients who used NOACs had a significantly lower risk than those who used warfarin. The prevalence rates of ischemic stroke (OR=0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.92; P=0.02), VTE (OR=0.50; 95% CI, 0.41–0.60; P<0.00001), major bleeding (OR=0.28; 95% CI, 0.14–0.55; P=0.0002), and intracranial or gastrointestinal bleeding (OR=0.59; 95% CI, 0.37–0.92; P=0.02) were significantly reduced in the NOAC group. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis confirms that NOACs are as safe and effective as warfarin and can be applied in the real world; this data can serve as a reference for clinical doctors for formulating treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is a skin cancer with great metastatic potential, which is responsible for the major deaths in skin cancer. Although the prognosis of melanoma patients has been improved with the comprehensive treatment, for patients with metastasis, the complexity and heterogeneity of diffuse diseases make prognosis prediction and systematic treatment difficult and ineffective. Therefore, we established a novel personalized immune-related gene pairs index (IRGPI) to predict the prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma, which was conducive to provide new insights into clinical decision-making and prognostic monitoring for metastatic melanoma. Through complex analysis and filtering, we identified 24 immune-related gene pairs to build the model and obtained the optimal cut-off value from receiver operating characteristic curves, which divided the patients into high and low immune-risk groups. Meantime, the Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis and subgroup analysis showed that IRGPI had excellent prognostic value. Furthermore, IRGPI was shown that was closely associated with immune system in the subsequent tumor microenvironment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. In addition, we broken through the data processing limitations of traditional researches in different platforms through the application of gene pairs, which would provide great credibility for our model. We believe that our research would provide a new perspective for clinical decision-making and prognostic monitoring in metastatic melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necrosis with inflammation plays a crucial role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIPK3) regulates a newly discovered programmed form of necrosis called necroptosis. However, the underlying mechanism of necroptosis in ARDS remains unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the possible involvement of RIPK3 in ARDS-associated necroptosis. RIPK3 protein levels were found to be significantly elevated in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ARDS patients. Next, we utilised a mouse model of severe ARDS induced with high-dose lipopolysaccharide and found that lung injury was mainly due to RIPK3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis and endothelial dysfunction. The activation of RIPK3-MLKL by tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) required catalytically active RIPK1 and the inhibition of Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)/caspase-8 catalytic activity. We further showed that the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)/p23, as a novel RIPK3- and MLKL-interacting complex, played an important role in RIP-MLKL-mediated necroptosis, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in the pulmonary vasculature, which resulted in ARDS. Collectively, the results of our study indicate that necroptosis is an important mechanism of cell death in ARDS and the inhibition of necroptosis may be a therapeutic intervention for ARDS. Key messages: Lung injury in high-dose LPS-induced severe ARDS is mainly due to RIP3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis and endothelial dysfunction. Chaperone HSP90/p23 is a novel RIP3- and MLKL-interacting complex in HPAECs. HSP90/p23 is a novel RIP3- and MLKL-interacting complex in RIP-MLKL-mediated necroptosis, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of the optical response range and the high photoelectron holes separation and the transfer efficiency are prerequisites for the excellent hydrogen evolution performance of the catalyst. In this paper, amorphous CoSx is combined with rare-earth complex LaMnO3 and under the characterization of SEM, TEM, XRD and XPS, the successful synthesis of the composite catalyst was demonstrated; characterization results by UV–Vis, BET and electrochemical workstations show that the composite material exposes more active sites, and the close contact interface formed between the two effectively improves the separation and transmission of photogenerated carriers, and the ability of the composite material to sense light is also significantly enhanced. After optimizing the hydrogen production conditions of the composite catalyst, the hydrogen production under visible light (≥ 420 nm) for 5 h reached 458.8 μmol, which was about 6.8 and 4.5 times that of pure LaMnO3 and CoSx, and the hydrogen evolution stability of the material is very good. Studies have shown that amorphous CoSx is a good material that can replace precious metals for hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the new composite material Co–Mo–S/Ni(OH)2 has high hydrogen evolution ability under photoreaction, the hydrogen evolution of Co–Mo–S/Ni(OH)2 composite material reaches 357 μmol after reaction 3 h, and the catalyst still exhibits high photocatalytic activity after four cycles under light response. It shows that this new catalyst has high activity and stability. The results of XPS, TEM, SEM and XRD indicate that the composite catalyst is successfully synthesized. The results of PL and electrochemical experiments show that Ni(OH)2 attached to Co–Mo–S can increase the transfer of photogenerated electrons and reduce the recombination of electrons and holes. From the UV–visible and BET characterization, the presence of Ni(OH)2 increases the range of response of the Co–Mo–S to sunlight, the pore volume and surface range, which improves the absorption capacity of the catalyst for ErB. Therefore, Co–Mo–S/Ni(OH)2 has excellent application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the incidence and associated factors for early death in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) and to construct the predictive nomogram. Methods: Patients with stage IV CRC, who had been diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results datasets, were eligible for this retrospective cohort study. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to determine the associated factors for early death (survival time ≤ 3 months). The predictive nomogram was constructed and the internal validation was performed. Results: Ten thousand two hundred sixty-three out of 36,461 (28.1%) eligible patients resulted in all causes of early death (25.8% for cancer-specific early death and 2.3% for non-cancer early death). Advanced age, marital status, right colon, poor differentiation, higher N stage, and bone metastasis were positively associated with all causes of early death, cancer-specific early death, and non-cancer early death, while higher T stage, positive carcinoembryonic antigen, and distant metastases (bone, lung, liver, and brain) were only positively associated with all causes of early death and cancer-specific early death. The calibration curve for all causes of early death, cancer-specific early death, and non-cancer early death showed the prediction curve closely approximated at the 45° line and the areas under the curve were 75.7% (95% CI, 74.9–76.4%), 75.9% (95% CI, 75.1–76.6%), and 76.9% (95% CI, 76.3–77.6%), respectively. Conclusions: The nomogram was calibrated to predict all causes of early death development, cancer-specific early death development, and non-cancer early death development. These findings can be utilized in early screening and to tailor targeted treatment regimens for stage IV CRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem in traditional technology of the time lag in determining formation information based on drilling time and rock physical characteristics, which leads to the failure of the guided drilling tool, a Levy flight optimized gray wolf support vector machine (LGWO-SVM) shale gas geosteering identification method based on gamma spectrum dataset was proposed. First, the gamma spectrum dataset was processed using mapminmax normalization to eliminate the feature confusion caused by data modeling. Second, principal component analysis (PCA) feature reconstruction was carried out on the gamma spectrum dataset to provide an excellent data basis for the subsequent establishment of a multiclassification support vector machine (SVM) model. Then, the Levy distribution was adopted into gray wolf optimization for the multiclassification SVM model to obtain the LGWO-SVM model for geosteering discriminant prediction. Finally, the experimental results corresponding to the particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) and the gray wolf optimizer support vector machine (GWO-SVM) models were summarized and compared. The experimental results show that after the data processing and feature extraction of the gamma spectrum dataset, the established LGWO-SVM model can accurately distinguish the formation information and effectively improve the reservoir drilling rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal caretaking and transport of dead infants are widespread among nonhuman primates, having been reported in numerous species of monkeys and apes. By contrast, accounts of such behaviors toward dead juveniles are scarce. Here, we describe responses by the mother and other group members to the death of a juvenile in a wild, multi-level group of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana). Following the juvenile's fatal accident, his mother transported and cared for the corpse for four days. Immature monkeys belonging to the same one-male unit, and some individuals from other social units also showed interest in and tended the corpse. Comparisons of this case with those involving the deaths of infants and an adult female in the same population highlight possible effects of physiological, psychological and emotional factors in primate thanatological responses, and provide an additional perspective on the origin and evolution of compassionate acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid and accurate identification of the formation lithology encountered during the drilling of oil and gas fields is an important step to control the trajectory of the drilling tool borehole and improve the optimal reservoir encounter rate. At present, the main way to distinguish the lithology of the formation encountered by drilling is to use artificial detection elements, which does not form a set of intelligent formation identification system. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a method to identify the lithology of drilled formation by using element and gamma spectrum measurement and establishes a reasoning model of intelligent identification of formation lithology by using improved fuzzy clustering algorithm-SVM (IFCM-SVM) method. Field application shows that the accuracy of IFCM-SVM intelligent formation identification method proposed in this paper can reach 90.9%, and verifies the feasibility of using element and gamma spectrum measurement to realize the intelligent identification of formation lithology in drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic oxides have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent photocatalytic properties. Co2NiO4 has good electrical activity which can effectively regulate the distribution of charge. The scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images of Co2NiO4 showed two-dimensional uniform lamellar morphology. This kind of morphology could provide a larger specific surface area, which was conducive to improving photocatalytic water decomposing and hydrogen evolution. In addition, we combined Co2NiO4 with NiWO4 to improve the conductivity of Co2NiO4 and the position of Fermi energy level, forming a p-n-type heterojunction, effectively promoting the interface charge transfer through the internal electric field, and inhibiting the electron–hole pair recombination. The photocatalytic hydrogen production of CN/NW-3 in the sensitized system reached 341.83 μmol for 5 h, which was 19 times that of pure Co2NiO4. At the same time, UV–Vis diffuse reflection and Mott–Schottky curve were used to further determine the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) positions of Co2NiO4 and NiWO4, which formed a charge transport path with higher separation and transfer efficiency. This work highlights the high-efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of CN/NW p-n heterojunction. Co2NiO4 and NiWO4 form p-n heterojunction, and the synergy between them provides a new hydrogen-producing active center for each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the poor photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ability of pure CdS, we need to develop a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution catalyst with high activity and no precious metal doping. Therefore, in this article, we used a simple hydrothermal synthesis of CdS nanoparticles, using water as a carrier, loading a small amount of amorphous CoS, by changing the loading ratio of amorphous CoS, synthesized TYPE–II type heterojunction composite catalyst CCS. The successful synthesis of the composite catalyst CCS was verified by XRD, SEM and other characterization methods. UV–vis, PL and other characterization showed that the supported amorphous CoS could significantly improve the photocatalytic activity of CdS, and the photochemical detection also showed that the performance of composite catalyst CCS was better than that of pure CdS. Using Na2S and Na2SO3 mixed solution as electron sacrificial agent, the hydrogen production performance of CCS composite catalyst was determined through hydrogen evolution experiment and cyclic stability experiment. It was found that the sacrificial agent had a great promotion effect on the hydrogen production performance of photocatalyst. It was found that the hydrogen production rate of the composite catalyst could reach 2.01 mmol·g−1·h−1, which was 6.3 times of the pure CdS. This study offers a novel approach for the design of amorphous–based nanostructures as efficient hydrogen evolution cocatalysts. First, CdS are excited by light, consuming S2− and SO32− ions in the sacrificial agent, generating a large number of electrons and holes. Due to the energy difference between the conducting band (CB) of CdS and amorphous CoS, the electrons are transferred from the surface of CdS to the conducting band (CB) of amorphous CoS, while the electrons obtained from water and H+ in the sacrificial agent are reduced to H2. The amorphous CoS is used as the transfer medium of electron acceptor, and the synergistic effect between heterojunctions is used to improve the charge separation efficiency and electron transfer rate. Therefore, the photocatalytic hydrogen production effect of the composite catalyst CCS–7 has been greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sm2MoO6/Ni(OH)2 was successfully immersed in water first, and the sensitizer is Eosin Y and the sacrificial agent is triethanolamine agent for high-efficiency photocatalytic production of H2. When Sm2MoO6 was loaded onto the surface of Ni(OH)2, the photocatalytic activity (2407.48 μmol g−1 h−1) was 2.6 times that of Ni(OH)2 (925.36 μmol g−1 h−1), which was Sm2MoO6 (169.36 μmol g−1 h−1) is 14.2 times. From a series of characterizations, Sm2MoO6 is an effective cocatalyst to improve the separation of photo-generated charges and the efficiency of electron transfer. Large specific surface areas are a primary requirement for high efficiency catalysts, and the catalyst is sufficiently into contact with the sensitizer and the sacrificial agent to soar the photocatalytic activity. The first condition for an excellent catalyst is that it has a large specific surface area and can provide more active sites. In the dye sensitization system, the photocatalytic activity of Sm2MoO6/Ni(OH)2 is 2.6 times that of Ni(OH)2 and 14.2 times that of Sm2MoO6. Sm2MoO6 is an effective co-catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: MicroRNAs have been considered to participate in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and regulate numerous disease pathways in pulmonary vasculature. However, the molecular role in the pathologies has not yet been fully uncovered, particularly in the view of energy metabolism and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic regulation. Here, several altered miRNAs are founded in genome-wide miRNA sequencing analysis, in which miR-449a-5p was identified as a probable candidate in hypoxic PAH and verified such a decreasing trend. Moreover, we identify that miR-449a-5p plays critical role in both mitochondria metabolic dysfunction and phenotype transformation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Subsequently, we initiate that the transcription factor Myc, which is negatively regulated by miR-449a-5p, results in the aberrant effects contributing to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Taken together, we demonstrated that the miR-449a-5p/Myc axis is indispensable for the development and progression of PAH. These results may serve as a significant implication for understanding and treatment of PAH.Key messages: • The downregulation of miR-449a-5p occurs in both PAH-PAs and hypoxic PASMCs.• MiR-449a-5p is involved in hypoxia-induced mitochondria dysfunction of PASMCs.• MiR-449a-5p inhibits hypoxic phenotypic transition and proliferation of PASMCs.• The aberrant effects of MiR-449a-5p depend on downstream transcription factor Myc.• Myc contributes to mitochondria dysfunction and phenotype transformation in PAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]