Search

Multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL) bacteria, pose a significant global public health challenge. Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) is frequently implicated in cases of this resistance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of drug and metal resistance genes in clinical K. pneumoniae isolate Kp04 and comparative genomics of clinical KPN isolates characterized from Bangladesh. A total of 12 isolates were collected. Disk-diffusion assay showed that all five isolates were resistant to 14 out of 21 tested antibiotics and sensitive to only three—tigecycline, imipenem, and meropenem. KPN Kp04 was positive for both blaSHV and blaCTX-M ESBL genes in PCR. All five isolates produced PCR amplicons of the correct size for ampicillin (ampC), tetracycline (tetC), fluoroquinolone (qnrS), and aminoglycoside (aadA) resistance genes. The whole genome of Kp04 was sequenced using the MiSeq Platform (V3 kit, 2 × 300 cycles). We utilized different databases to detect Antibiotic-Resistant Genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), and genomic functional features of the Kp04 strain. Whole-genome sequencing identified 75 ESBL, virulence, and multiple drug-resistant (MDR) genes including blaSHV, tetA, oqxA, oqxB, aadA, sul1-5, and mphA in KPN Kp04 isolate. Pan-genomic analysis of 43 Bangladeshi KPN isolates showed similarities between Dhaka and Chattogram isolates regarding virulence and antibiotic-resistant genes. Our results indicate the transmission of similar virulent KPN strains in Dhaka and Chattogram. This study would provide valuable information about drug sensitivity, antibiotic, and metal resistance features of K. pneumoniae circulated among hospitalized patients in Bangladeshi megacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The host-microbe interactions are complex, dynamic and context-dependent. In this regard, migratory fish species like hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha), which migrates from seawater to freshwater for spawning, provides a unique system for investigating the microbiome under an additional change in fish’s habitat. This work was undertaken to detect taxonomic variation of microbiome and their function in the migration of hilsa. Methods and results: The study employed 16S rRNA amplicon-based metagenomic analysis to scrutinize bacterial diversity in hilsa gut, skin mucus and water. Thus, a total of 284 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 9 phyla, 35 orders and 121 genera were identified in all samples. More than 60% of the identified bacteria were Proteobacteria with modest abundance (> 5%) of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Leucobacter in gut and Serratia in skin mucus were the core bacterial genera, while Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter exhibited differential compositions in gut, skin mucus and water. Conclusions: Representative fresh-, brackish- and seawater samples of hilsa habitats were primarily composed of Vibrio, Serratia and Psychrobacter, and their diversity in seawater was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than freshwater. Overall, salinity and water microbiota had an influence on the microbial composition of hilsa shad, contributing to host metabolism and adaptation processes. This pioneer exploration of hilsa gut and skin mucus bacteria across habitats will advance our insights into microbiome assembly in migratory fish populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The host-microbe interactions are complex, dynamic and context-dependent. In this regard, migratory fish species like hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha), which migrates from seawater to freshwater for spawning, provides a unique system for investigating the microbiome under an additional change in fish's habitat. This work was undertaken to detect taxonomic variation of microbiome and their function in the migration of hilsa. Methods and results: The study employed 16S rRNA amplicon-based metagenomic analysis to scrutinize bacterial diversity in hilsa gut, skin mucus and water. Thus, a total of 284 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 9 phyla, 35 orders and 121 genera were identified in all samples. More than 60% of the identified bacteria were Proteobacteria with modest abundance (> 5%) of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Leucobacter in gut and Serratia in skin mucus were the core bacterial genera, while Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter exhibited differential compositions in gut, skin mucus and water. Conclusions: Representative fresh-, brackish- and seawater samples of hilsa habitats were primarily composed of Vibrio, Serratia and Psychrobacter, and their diversity in seawater was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than freshwater. Overall, salinity and water microbiota had an influence on the microbial composition of hilsa shad, contributing to host metabolism and adaptation processes. This pioneer exploration of hilsa gut and skin mucus bacteria across habitats will advance our insights into microbiome assembly in migratory fish populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes is a severe health burden for Bangladesh. Genetic polymorphism has been reported to be one of the major risk factors for diabetes in various studies. TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7 like 2) transcripts in the human β-cell have effects on β-cell survival, function, and Wnt signaling activation. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and association of various polymorphisms namely TCF7L2 rs12255372 and rs7903146 among Bangladeshi patients with T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus). Methods: This case–control study included 300 patients with T2DM and 234 healthy individuals from two health facilities in the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using a self-reported, structured, eight-item questionnaire. The polymorphisms were identified by PCR–RFLP and sequencing method. Results: A strong association of T2DM with polymorphisms was observed, including rs12255372 (p = 0.0004) and rs7903146 (p = 0.005). It was observed that the risk genotype at rs12255372 was associated with age (p = 0.009), a family history of diabetes (p < 0.0001), and HbA1C (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, it was found that rs12255372 was substantially associated with hypertension (p = 0.03), eye problems (p = 0.01), and neurological abnormalities (p = 0.02). Conclusion: This study postulates that TCF7L2 genetic polymorphism is associated with the risk of T2DM among the studied Bangladeshi population. The findings should be replicated through more studies with a large number of samples and in different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yogurt is one of the most frequently consumed dairy products for nutritional benefits. Although yogurt is enriched with probiotics, it is susceptible to spoilage because of the presence of pathogenic microbes. Spoiled yogurt if consumed can cause food-borne diseases. This study aimed to assess the nutritional composition and microbiome diversity in yogurt manufactured in Bangladesh. Microbial diversity was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. From nutritional analysis, significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH, fat, moisture, total solid and solid-non-fat contents (%) were observed in sweet yogurt. Following the classification of Illumina sequences, 84.86% and 72.14% of reads were assigned to bacterial and fungal genera, respectively, with significantly higher taxonomic richness in sour yogurt prepared from buffalo. A significant difference in bacterial (Ppermanova = 0.001) and fungal (Ppermanova = 0.013) diversity between sweet and sour yogurt was recorded. A total of 76 bacterial and 70 fungal genera were detected across these samples which were mostly represented by Firmicutes (92.89%) and Ascomycota (98%) phyla, respectively. This is the first study that accentuates nutritional profiles and microbiome diversity of Bangladeshi yogurt which are crucial in determining both active and passive health effects of yogurt consumption in individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This error has now been corrected in the Supplementary Information 1 file that accompanies the original Article. Correction to: I Scientific Reports i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01852-9, published online 22 November 2021 The Supplementary Information 1 file published with this Article contained an error where there was a mistake in the sample name/identification number in the Supplementary File 1. [Extracted from the article]