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In the present protocol, biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of weed, i.e. Parthenium is efficiently carried out. The proficient and operationally simple catalytic application of biogenic ZnO nanoparticle is explored towards a synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant and densely functionalized polyhydroquinolines by condensation of four components viz. aromatic aldehyde, dimedone, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate. The synthesized polyhydroquinolines were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi; some of them exhibit better to excellent activity. The developed protocol is enriched with captivating advantages such as excellent yields, shorter reaction time, recyclable catalyst and constructive use of an aqueous extract of Parthenium for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) from the leaf extract of Alpinia zerumbet was investigated in this protocol. The basic nature of A. zerumbet leaf extract helps in CuO NPs synthesis. The catalytic activity of A. zerumbet-fabricated CuO NPs is explored in water at room temperature only in the presence of NaPTS hydrotrope. The green catalytic protocol is investigated via synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene. The biogenic leaf extract fabricated CuO NPs are efficiently reactive, stable and recyclable in aqueous solution of sodium p-toluenesulfonate (NaPTS) hydrotrope. CuO/NaPTS proved to be the best catalytic system as synergistic nanotrope in terms of yield and time of reaction in water at room temperature. The green synthetic approach of CuO NPs, greener medium, easy workup and proficient recyclability are advantages in the said protocol. This is first time report of catalytic activity of biogenic CuO NPs in water at room temperature in the presence of NaPTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, straightforward and rapid method has been developed for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[α] xanthen-11-one using sodium acetate. The reaction was performed via three components: β-naphthol, dimedone with various aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free microwave irradiation and conventional heating condition. We observed an efficient result for microwave synthesis than conventional heating. The synthesized tetrahydrobenzo[α]xanthen-11-one (4a–l) was screened for their antimicrobial activity against two bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and two fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The synthesized products: 9, 10-dihydro-9, 9-dimethyl-12-(4-nitrophenyl)-8H-benzo[a]xanthen-11(12H)-one, 9, 10-dihydro-9, 9-dimethyl-12-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-8H-benzo[a]xanthen-11(12H)-one, 9, 10-dihydro-9, 9-dimethyl-12-(6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-8H-benzo[a]xanthen-11(12H)-one exhibit good antimicrobial activity. The developed protocol is graced with appealing advantages such as high purity, simple operation, excellent yields, inexpensive and easy availability of catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]