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Two new Pluteus species, P. nigritus and P. fumidus, were described based on specimens collected in the Far East, the easternmost part of Russia. Pluteus nigritus is characterized by rather large basidiomata with dark-coloured blackish brown pileus and greyish brown bulbose stipe, pigmented lamellae edges, metuloid pleurocystidia, presence of clamps in pileipellis, and growing on conifer wood. Another species, P. fumidus, also growing on conifers, has medium-sized basidiomata with greyish brown pileus and silvery-white stipe with grey base, concolorous lamellae edges, metuloid pleurocystidia, and abundant clamp-connections in all tissues. The phylogenetic placements of the two newly described species within Pluteus were confirmed using DNA data (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation-elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1)). Detailed morphological descriptions, field photographs, and comparisons of two new species with other morphologically and phylogenetically closely related species are provided. Morphological characters and phylogenetic trees inferred from ITS and TEF1 of nc DNA sequences showed that both of our new species belong to the section Pluteus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxonomy of Pseudohydnum gelatinosum and its sister taxa is revised via morphological data and a four-gene dataset (ITS, nc LSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1). Identity of P. gelatinosum and Tremellodon pusillus is re-established based on newly collected and sequenced material from their type localities. Pseudohydnum alienum from Europe; P. umbrosum from temperate East Asia; P. cystidiatum, P. meridianum, and P. placibile from Vietnam; and P. omnipavum from North America are described as new to science; P. translucens and P. brunneiceps from East Asia are redescribed. Most Pseudohydnum collections from North America belong to P. gelatinosum ssp. pusillum. A significant divergence of TEF1 sequences in P. gelatinosum is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxonomy of Basidiodendron caesiocinereum complex is revised based on morphological and molecular methods (with the use of nc LSU rDNA, ITS and TEF1 regions). The basidiospore ornamentation is justified as a key morphological character for the species recognition in the group. As redefined here, B. caesiocinereum is an angiosperm-dwelling species with smooth basidiospores. Bourdotia cinerella and B. cinerella var. trachyspora are proved to represent separate species with warted basidiospores; they are reintroduced as Basidiodendron cinerellum and B. trachysporum. Additionally, eight new species related to B. caesiocinereum are described based on material from Eurasia, North America and Africa, and identity of B. spinosum from Oceania is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identity of Achroomyces effusus is re-established with the use of morphological and DNA methods, and a neotype is selected. The species is conspecific with Colacogloea peniophorae, the generic type of Colacogloea, and has a priority over it. A new combination, C. effusa, is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomy of Protomerulius and Heterochaetella is revised based on DNA data and morphological evidence, and their type species, P. brasiliensis and H. dubia, are proved to be congeneric. As a consequence, H. dubia and related species, of which four are described as new, are placed in Protomerulius. Heterochaete microspora is also combined in Protomerulius, and the genus concept is redefined to encompass effused species with smooth or spiny hymenophore and monomitic hyphal structure. Psilochaete multifora, gen. and spec. nov. is a distant relative of Protomerulius spp. found in Norway. Heterochaetella cystidiophora is re-collected in Brazil and placed in the synonyms of Heterochaete sanctae-catharinae. This species does not belong to the Protomerulius–Heterochaetella lineage, and it is transferred to Metulochaete, gen. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recent mycologists' interest in relationships between gasteroid taxa and agaricoid Basidiomycetes lineages and an intensive debate on the evolution of enigmatic secotioid fungi, systematic studies of the genus Galeropsis have received little attention. Here, the taxonomy of this genus is revised based on morphological and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS and LSU) data. The genus is shown to be polyphyletic, with at least five phylogenetic lineages corresponding to known genera of Agaricomycetes (Panaeolus, Agrocybe, Parasola, Conocybe, and Leratiomyces). The type species of Galeropsis, G. desertorum, is combined to Panaeolus, and other six new combinations are proposed. In total, eight type collections are studied. The lectotype for Psammomyces plantaginiformis is designated here. Gastrocybe iberica is placed as synonym of Panaeolus desertorum, and the names Galeropsis andina and Galeropsis bispora are synonymized under Panaeolus plantaginiformis. The detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of microscopic structures for all studied species are given. The phylogenetic inference and our current understanding of the phylogenetic structure and ecology of Galeropsis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we select a neotype for Tremella cerasi and prove that it is conspecific with Ditangium insigne (the genus type of Ditangium). We argue that Ditangium should be restored as a correct genus for T. cerasi, while the currently used generic name Craterocolla is to be treated as its younger synonym. Morphological, ecological and genetic variability of Ditangium cerasi is discussed, and two other Ditangium species are described—D. altaicum, sp. nov. and D. incarnatum, comb. nov. In addition, Exidia fulva is combined in Globulisebacina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stypella vermiformis is a heterobasidiomycete producing minute gelatinous basidiocarps on rotten wood of conifers in the Northern Hemisphere. In the current literature, Stypella papillata, the genus type of Stypella (described from Brazil), is treated as a taxonomic synonym of S. vermiformis. In the present paper, we revise the type material of S. papillata and a number of specimens addressed to S. vermiformis. As a result, the presumed synonymy of S. papillata and S. vermiformis is rejected and the genus Stypella is restricted to the single species S. papillata. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies of specimens from the Northern Hemisphere corresponding to the current concept of S. vermiformis uncovered three species from two newly described genera. S. vermiformis s.str. is distributed in temperate Europe and has small-sized basidia and basidiospores, and it is placed in a new genus, Mycostilla. Another genus, Stypellopsis, is created for two other species, the North American Stypellopsis farlowii, comb. nov., and the North European Stypellopsis hyperborea, sp. nov. Basidia and basidiospores of Stypellopsis spp. are larger than in Mycostilla vermiformis but other morphological characters are very similar. In addition, Spiculogloea minuta (Spiculogloeomycetes, Pucciniomycotina) is reported as new to Norway, parasitising basidiocarps of M. vermiformis and Tulasnella spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three species currently addressed to Protohydnum (Auriculariales) are studied with morphological and DNA methods. The genus Protohydnum is retained for the type species only, P. cartilagineum, recently re-collected in Brazil. The European species, P. piceicola, is not congeneric with P. cartilagineum and, therefore, placed in its own genus, Hyalodon, gen. nov. Another Hyalodon species, H. antui, is described from East Asia. The third member of Protohydnum sensu lato, P. sclerodontium from South-East Asia, is transferred to Elmerina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomy of the Phaeotremella foliacea group is revised based on morphological, ecological, geographic and DNA data. The name P. foliacea is retained for the gymnosperm-dwelling species associated with Stereum sanguinolentum in Eurasia and North America. Tremella neofoliacea and Cryptococcus skinneri are considered synonyms of P. foliacea s. str. Three other species in the complex inhabit deciduous trees. Of them, Phaeotremella fimbriata, comb. nov., is associated with Stereum rugosum; this species possesses blackening basidiocarps and small basidiospores, and it occurs in Europe. Its close relative is the East Asian Phaeotremella eugeniae, sp. nov., inhabiting Quercus mongolica and having larger basidiospores. The third species, Phaeotremella frondosa, comb. nov., produces the largest basidiospores in the genus and is associated either with S. rugosum (mainly in North Europe) or with other Stereum species (temperate Eurasia and North America). Additionally, Tremella nigrescens is typified and placed in the synonyms of P. frondosa, and two species, T. fuscosuccinea and T. roseotincta, are combined to Phaeotremella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of Pluteus collections from the southern region of Siberia, Russia, revealed the occurrence of 20 species. One species ( Pluteus umbrosoides) and one form ( P. tomentosulus f. brunneus) are proposed as new. Pluteus rugosidiscus is a new record in Eurasia and P. velutinus is recorded for the first time in Russia. Most species in the studied territory occur in coniferous or mixed forests. Until now, there have been only sporadic finds of Pluteus in the sub-taiga zone and no finds in the steppe zone. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations and drawings of microstructures for new, rare and interesting taxa are provided. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) were conducted for species delimitation and for comparisons with closely related taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]