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The dysregulation of lipid metabolism has been strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and has intricate connections with various aspects of disease progression, such as amyloidogenesis, bioenergetic deficit, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and myelin degeneration. Here, a comprehensive bioinformatic assessment was conducted on lipid metabolism genes in the brains and peripheral blood of AD-derived transcriptome datasets, characterizing the correlation between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of lipid metabolism and disease pathologies, as well as immune cell preferences. Through the application of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), modules eigengenes related to lipid metabolism were pinpointed, and the examination of their molecular functions within biological processes, molecular pathways, and their associations with pathological phenotypes and molecular networks has been characterized. Analysis of biological networks indicates notable discrepancies in the expression patterns of the DEGs between neuronal and immune cells, as well as variations in cell type enrichments within both brain tissue and peripheral blood. Additionally, drugs targeting the DEGs from central and peripheral and a diagnostic model for hub genes from the blood were retrieved and assessed, some of which were shown to be useful for therapeutic and diagnostic. These results revealed the distinctive pattern of transcriptionally abnormal lipid metabolism in central, peripheral, and immune cell activation, providing valuable insight into lipid metabolism for diagnosing and guiding more effective treatment for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many modern statistical analysis research efforts are focused on solving the limited computational resources problem that arises when dealing with large datasets. One popular and effective method to address this challenge is to obtain informative subdata from the full dataset based on optimal subsampling probabilities. In this article, we present an optimal subsampling approach for big data modal regression from the perspective of minimizing asymptotic mean squared error. The estimation procedure is achieved by running a two-step algorithm based on the modal expectation-maximization algorithm when the bandwidth for the modal regression is not related to the subsample size. Under certain regularity conditions, we investigate the consistency and asymptotic normality of the subsample-based estimator given the full data. Furthermore, an optimal bandwidth selection approach within this framework is also investigated. Simulation studies demonstrate that our proposed subsampling method performs well in the context of big data modal regression. Empirical evaluation is also conducted using real data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between perceived overqualification (POQ) and employee innovative behavior in higher education institutions in China. Further, this study examined the mediating role of creative self-confidence and moderating role of harmonious workplace climate. The data were collected from 340 employees (330 employees and 10 supervisors) in higher education institutions in China using a multi-time lag method based on convenience sampling. The findings of this study asserted a positive relationship between POQ and employee innovative behavior. This implies that employees who perceive themselves as overqualified for their current roles are more likely to display innovative behavior in their work. Furthermore, the study identifies creative self-confidence as a mediating factor in the link between POQ and employee innovative behavior. In other words, when employees feel overqualified and possess creative self-confidence, they are more inclined to exhibit innovative behaviors. Moreover, the research showed that a harmonious workplace climate plays a moderating role in the relationship between POQ and employee innovative behavior, as well as in the connection between creative self-confidence and employee innovative behavior. A harmonious workplace climate fosters an environment of support, cooperation, and encouragement among employees, which positively influences the outcomes of POQ and creative self-confidence on innovative behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rodents are natural reservoirs of diverse zoonotic viruses and widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau. A comprehensive understanding of the virome in local rodent species could provide baseline of viral content and assist in efforts to reduce the risk for future emergence of rodent related zoonotic diseases. A total of 205 tissue and fecal samples from 41 wild Qinghai voles were collected. Metagenomic analyses were performed to outline the characteristics of the viromes, and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the novel viral genomes. The virome distribution among five tissues (liver, lung, spleen, small intestine with content and feces) was also compared. We identified sequences related to 46 viral families. Novel viral genomes from distinct evolutionary lineages with known viruses were characterized for their genomic and evolutionary characteristics, including Hepatovirus, Hepacivirus, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus. Further analyses revealed that the core virome harbored by rodent internal tissues were quite different from the virome found in intestine and fecal samples. These findings provide an overview of the viromes in wild Qinghai voles, which are unique and the most common rodent species in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. A high diversity of viruses is likely present in rodent species in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a new statistical inference method for massive data sets, which is very simple and efficient by combining divide-and-conquer method and empirical likelihood. Compared with two popular methods (the bag of little bootstrap and the subsampled double bootstrap), we make full use of data sets, and reduce the computation burden. Extensive numerical studies and real data analysis demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of our proposed method. Furthermore, the asymptotic property of our method is derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varying coefficient model is often used in statistical modeling since it is more flexible than the parametric model. However, model detection and variable selection of varying coefficient model are poorly understood in mode regression. Existing methods in the literature for these problems are often based on mean regression and quantile regression. In this paper, we propose a novel method to solve these problems for mode varying coefficient model based on the B-spline approximation and SCAD penalty. Moreover, we present a new algorithm to estimate the parameters of interest, and discuss the parameters selection for the tuning parameters and bandwidth. We also establish the asymptotic properties of estimated coefficients under some regular conditions. Finally, we illustrate the proposed method by some simulation studies and an empirical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the significant impact of air pollution on visibility, it is also the most visible environmental problem for the public. This paper analyzes the application scenarios of data mining in the air pollution monitoring system, combined with the target of air pollution anomaly detection, mainly researches classification algorithms and outlier detection algorithms, and proposes an air pollution feature detection method based on data mining. A large number of experiments were carried out before the system integration to verify its effectiveness. Based on the abovementioned new architecture, this paper designs and implements an air pollution real-time monitoring system, which can display air pollution data in real time through rich charts, and integrates and applies air pollution anomaly detection methods to the system's alarm module. The system can help data center managers monitor the air pollution in the data center and notify the managers to check the atmospheric abnormalities in time. In this article, data mining is also applied to the real-time monitoring of college students' physical and mental health. A real-time monitoring system is designed for college students' physical and mental health. A new system architecture is proposed through frequent data push and data IO scenarios, which can effectively monitor the physical and mental health of college students. In this article, data mining technology is used to monitor the characteristics of air pollution and the physical and mental health of college students in real time, which provides a new method for the treatment of air pollution and the protection of the physical and mental health of college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), and 70% of cases are associated with HPV16 and 18 infections. The objective of this study was to establish rapid, simple, and sensitive internally controlled recombinase-aided amplification (IC-RAA) assays for the detection of HPV16 and 18. The assays were performed at 39 ℃ and were completed within 30 min. A total of 277 clinical samples of exfoliated cervical cells were tested by IC-RAA assays and commercial HPV real-time fluorescent PCR kits using extracted DNA and samples treated with nucleic acid releasing agent. The analytical sensitivity of the IC-RAA assay was found to be 10 copies/μL for the detection of HPV16 and 18 when using recombinant plasmids as targets. The optimal concentration of the internal control (IC) plasmid and 18 was 1000 copies/μL for HPV16 and 100 copies/μL for HPV18. The clinical sensitivity of the IC-RAA assays for HPV16 using extracted DNA and samples treated with nucleic acid releasing agent was 98.73% and 97.47%, respectively, with kappa values of 0.977 (P < 0.01) and 0.955 (P < 0.01), respectively, and 100% The specificity in both cases. For HPV18, the sensitivity and specificity were 100%, and the kappa value was 1 for both samples (P < 0.01). The IC-RAA assay is a promising tool for the detection of HPV16 and HPV18, especially in resource-constrained settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report early toxicity and 5‑year clinical outcomes of adjuvant breast inversely planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy with simultaneously integrated boost (IMRT-SIB) after breast-conserving surgery for early stage breast cancer patients.Patients and Methods: In all, 467 patients including 406 invasive breast cancer and 61 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were enrolled in a single institutional phase II trial. All patients underwent IMRT-SIB treatment to irradiate the whole breast and the tumor bed. Doses to whole breast and surgical bed were 45 and 60 Gy, respectively, delivered in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. The grade of maximum acute skin toxicity during treatment was recorded. Lung toxicity was noted within 6 months and patient-reported cosmetic outcomes were recorded at the 12 month follow-up after the end of radiotherapy. Clinical outcomes were assessed during follow-up.Results: Median follow-up time was 5.46 years. Median age was 46 years old (range 22-70 years old). No patient with DCIS had a local recurrence or distant metastasis. Among 406 patients with invasive breast cancer, the unadjusted 5‑year actuarial rate of locoregional control was 98.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 97.5-100), and distant metastasis-free survival 98.7% (95% CI 97.4-100), respectively. Acute skin toxicity was recorded at grade 0-1 in 76.5% of patients, and grade 2 in 23.5% of patients. None of these patients had grade 3 or more than grade 3 skin toxicity. Grade 1 pneumonitis was found in 25.3% of patients. Assessment of patient reported cosmetic outcomes at the 12 month follow-up showed good or excellent outcome in 86.5% of cases.Conclusions: The use of inversely planned IMRT-SIB as part of breast-conserving therapy results in optimal 5‑year tumor control and minor early toxicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common viral pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children globally. In this study, we developed a duplex reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (duplex-rtRAA) assay containing an internal control in a single closed tube for the detection of human RSV. The internal control in the amplification effectively eliminated false-negative results and ensured the accuracy of the duplex-rtRAA system. We first developed and evaluated a universal singleplex-rtRAA assay for RSV. The sensitivity of this assay for RSV was determined as 4.4 copies per reaction, and the specificity was 100%. Next, a duplex-rtRAA assay with an internal control was established. The sensitivity of the duplex-rtRAA assay approached 5.0 copies per reaction, and no cross-reaction with other common respiratory viruses was observed. The two detection methods (singleplex-rtRAA and duplex-rtRAA) developed in this study were used to test 278 clinical specimens, and the results showed absolute consistency with RSV RT-qPCR analysis, demonstrating 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. These data indicate that the duplex-rtRAA has great potential for the rapid detection of RSV with a high sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a panel of multiplex quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mqRT-PCR) assay consisting of seven internally controlled qRT-PCR assays to detect 16 different respiratory viruses. We compared the new mqRT-PCR with a previously reported two-tube mRT-PCR assay using 363 clinical sputum specimens. The mqRT-PCR assay performed comparably with the two-tube assay for most viruses, offering the advantages of quantitative analysis, easier performance, lower susceptibility to contamination, and shorter turnaround time in laboratories equipped with conventional real-time PCR instrumentation, and it could therefore be a valuable tool for routine surveillance of respiratory virus infections in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central nervous system infection (CNSI) results in significant health and economic burdens worldwide, but the diversity of causative pathogens makes differential diagnosis very difficult. Although PCR and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (q-PCR) assays are widely applied for pathogen detection, they are generally optimized for the detection of a single or limited number of targets and are not suitable for the diagnosis of numerous CNSI agents. In this study, we describe the development of a resequencing pathogen microarray (RPM-IVDC4) method for the simultaneous detection of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites that cause CNSI. The test panel of this assay included more than 100 microorganism species across 45 genera and 30 families. The analytical specificity and sensitivity were examined using a panel of positive reference strains, and the clinical performance was evaluated using 432 clinical samples by comparing the results with q-PCR assays. Our results demonstrated good performance of the RPM-IVDC4 assay in terms of sensitivity, specificity and detection range, suggesting that the platform can be further developed for high-throughput CNSI diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory viruses are recognized as serious causes of morbidity and mortality in lower respiratory tract infections in patients. Isothermal amplification assays are increasingly used in their detection because of their rapidity, simplicity and cost-effectiveness, when compared to traditional molecular diagnostic methods. However, systematic assessment of these assays in the clinical settings is rarely reported. MEDLINE (Pubmed) searches were done analysing subject headings and words in the abstract related to isothermal amplification assay and virus. Selected loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays (LAMP) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and adenovirus (ADV) as well as a reverse transcription genome exponential amplification reaction assay (GEAR) for human rhinovirus (HRV) were clinically evaluated in a head to head comparison against a two-tube multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay (two-tube assay) using 634 respiratory specimens from children with pneumonia from different regions in China. Discrepant results between isothermal amplification assays and the two-tube assay were resolved by sequencing. A comparison of sensitivities of each selected isothermal amplification assay among province, gender, and age groups was also analyzed. A total of 634 respiratory specimens selected from Hebei Province children's hospital and Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention were tested. The overall detection rate (number of positive specimens/total specimens) for viruses tested by Reverse transcription (RT)-LAMP/LAMP/RT-GEAR was 35.9% while the detection rate was 46.2% by the two-tube assay. The sensitivity of each isothermal amplification assay was 88.4%, 74.3%, 100% and 73.6% for RSV, HMPV, ADV and HRV, respectively. No false positives were found in isothermal amplification assays. All the discrepant negative results by isothermal amplification assays were confirmed false negatives by sequencing. The LAMP assay for ADV showed significant consistency with the two-tube assay. A higher sensitivity of RSV detection was found in Hunan Province than in Hebei Province (P = 0.01). Among different age groups, a higher sensitivity of RSV detection was also found in children older than 1 year, when compared to children less than 1 year (P = 0.01). The clinical performance of the selected isothermal amplification assays for different viruses varies. Multiple-center assessment is critical to evaluate isothermal amplification assays, especially for RNA viruses, for their broad use in clinical hospital. The selected LAMP assay for the detection of ADV is reliable and has great potential for use in clinics; however, the sensitivities of the LAMP/GEAR assays for the detection of RSV, HMPV and HRV need to be further improved to meet clinical requirements, although a statistical difference in sensitivity was only found for the selected LAMP assay for RSV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major causative agents of outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). A commercial TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR assay has been widely used for the differential detection of EV71 despite its relatively high cost and failure to detect samples with a low viral load ( Ct value > 35). In this study, a highly sensitive real-time nested RT-PCR (RTN RT-PCR) assay in a single closed tube for detection of EV71 in HFMD was developed. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay were evaluated using a reference EV71 stock and a panel of controls consisting of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and common respiratory viruses, respectively. The clinical performance of this assay was evaluated and compared with those of a commercial TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay and a traditional two-step nested RT-PCR assay. The limit of detection for the RTN RT-PCR assay was 0.01 TCID/ml, with a Ct value of 38.3, which was the same as that of the traditional two-step nested RT-PCR assay and approximately tenfold lower than that of the qRT-PCR assay. When testing the reference strain EV71, this assay showed favorable detection reproducibility and no obvious cross-reactivity. The testing results of 100 clinical throat swabs from HFMD-suspected patients revealed that 41 samples were positive for EV71 by both RTN RT-PCR and traditional two-step nested RT-PCR assays, whereas only 29 were EV71 positive by qRT-PCR assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay with hydroxynaphthol blue dye (HNB) was established, targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid protein gene for the detection of the dominant norovirus genogroup in China-NoV GII. The assay was carried out at 65 °C for 60 min with no cross-reactivity with other common gastroenteritis viruses. The sensitivity of this assay was 10 copies per reaction which is equivalent to the conventional RT-PCR test. The clinical test showed 94.83 % coincidence rate for NoV genogroup II detection compared with the results, confirmed by the Department of Viral Diarrhea of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention via conventional RT-PCR. The HNB dye-based RT-LAMP could be a novel rapid screening method for prevalent norovirus genogroup II in China, especially in those resource-limited hospitals and rural local clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echovirus 33 (E33) has been infrequently detected and is less frequently associated with clinical diseases when compared with other types of enteroviruses (EVs) in China. An outbreak of E33 was identified in four schools in Hunan Province, China, in June 2013. For laboratory diagnosis, throat swabs and/or serum specimens were collected from 27 patients. E33 was isolated in cell culture and typed by molecular methods. Complete VP1 gene sequences were determined and analyzed. Specific E33 antibody was measured by virus neutralization testing. From June 3-20, 108 suspected cases were reported, and 19 were confirmed to be associated with E33 by laboratory testing, with seven virologically confirmed and 12 serologically confirmed cases. The suspected cases were in children aged 3-16 years (mean, 11 years), most of whom (94 %, 102/108) were ≥6 years old. The majority of cases (98 %, 106/108) presented as influenza-like illness (ILI), and two were clinically diagnosed as viral meningitis. Older children aged ≥12 years had a higher hospitalization rate (21 %) than younger children (4 %). A BLAST query of GenBank with the Hunan E33 strain VP1 gene sequence gave a close match to an E33 isolate from Pakistan, based on a partial VP1 gene sequence. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete E33 VP1 gene sequences from our study revealed an independent cluster with nucleotide sequences that diverge from E33 from other countries by >12 %. Due to limited E33 VP1 gene sequence data in GenBank and passive EV surveillance in China and most other parts of the world (excepting hand, foot, and mouth disease surveillance in Asia), the approximate origin of Hunan E33 could not be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human interferon-α1c/86D (IFNα1c/86D) was functionally displayed on the surface of the filamentous bacteriophage using a phagemid vector system (pCANTAB5E). The key amino acid residues involved in the receptor binding were further defined with phage displayed 6-mer peptide library and two neutralizing antibodies against linear epitopeson the IFN-α1b, indicating that residues 30, 33, 34, (AB-loop) and residues 124, 126, 127 (D helix, DE-loop) were more critical than the adjacent residues for recognition of receptor. In addition, a cassette mutagenesis library was generated by fully randomizing the sequence of the four positions 29, 31, 32 and 35 in AB-loop, and used to select phage-IFN variants with WISH-based panning method. Three phage-IFN variants were isolated to possess more antiviral activity in the range of 4–16-fold than parental phage-IFN after IPTG-induced soluble expression. The results suggest that phage displayed phage-IFN α1c/86D variants with increased specific activity might be obtained after purification procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the enhancement of health awareness, the use of advanced sensing technology and network technology to accurately monitor human movement is not only conducive to personal health management, but also has a wide range of application prospects in medical rehabilitation, sports training and other aspects. This study aims to explore the application of edge detection algorithm based on infrared sensor and wireless network technology in human motion monitoring. By improving the sensitivity and reliability of the monitoring system, the real-time and accurate monitoring of human movement is realized. Infrared sensor is used to obtain the original data of human movement, and edge detection algorithm is used to process the data. In order to realize efficient data transmission and processing, wireless network technology is combined to realize remote data transmission and real-time monitoring. The system is tested in different motion scenarios. The experimental results show that the edge detection algorithm based on infrared sensor and wireless network technology can capture human motion data efficiently and accurately. It is proved that the edge detection algorithm combined with infrared sensor and wireless network technology is effective in human motion monitoring. The system has the advantages of high precision, low delay and real-time, and can be widely used in health monitoring, sports training and rehabilitation treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]