Search

This paper presents a method for extracting distinctive invariant features from images that can be used to perform reliable matching between different views of an object or scene. The features are invariant to image scale and rotation, and are shown to provide robust matching across a substantial range of affine distortion, change in 3D viewpoint, addition of noise, and change in illumination. The features are highly distinctive, in the sense that a single feature can be correctly matched with high probability against a large database of features from many images. This paper also describes an approach to using these features for object recognition. The recognition proceeds by matching individual features to a database of features from known objects using a fast nearest-neighbor algorithm, followed by a Hough transform to identify clusters belonging to a single object, and finally performing verification through least-squares solution for consistent pose parameters. This approach to recognition can robustly identify objects among clutter and occlusion while achieving near real-time performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe an mRNA profiling technique for determining differential gene expression that utilizes, but does not require, prior knowledge of gene sequences. This method permits high-throughput reproducible detection of most expressed sequences with a sensitivity of greater than 1 part in 100,000. Gene identification by database query of a restriction endonuclease fingerprint, confirmed by competitive PCR using gene-specific oligonucleotides, facilitates gene discovery by minimizing isolation procedures. This process, called GeneCalling, was validated by analysis of the gene expression profiles of normal and hypertrophic rat hearts following in vivo pressure overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular mechanisms leading to Cushing's disease are unclear. Inhibitors of cyclin-cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) complexes are regulators of the cell cycle and may function as tumour suppressor genes, many of which have been involved in the pathogenesis of several human malignancies. A member of this family, the p27/kip1 gene, maps to chromosome 12p13 and encodes an inhibitor of several cyclin-CDK complexes; these control the progression of the cell cycle from G1 to S-phase. Complete lack of p27/kip1 function, as occurs in the p27/kip1 `knockout' mouse, produces a complex phenotype associated with the development of pituitary tumours, specifically those of the intermediate lobe corticotrophs. We therefore investigated whether structural and functional abnormalities of the p27/kip1 gene and loss at the chromosome 12p13 region were present in human corticotrophin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumours. We studied 21 pituitary tumours, of which 20 were ACTH-secreting (two of these had biochemical and histological features of `intermediate-lobe' tumours and one was malignant) while the remaining tumour was a prolactinoma; three ectopic secretors of ACTH (two bronchial and one thymic carcinoid); and a non-secretory thymic carcinoid. The whole coding region of the p27/kip1 gene was screened for mutations by PCR – SSCP analysis and/or direct sequencing, while tumour mRNA expression was analysed by means of a semi-quantitative duplex PCR. Three polymorphic microsatellite markers of the 12p13 region were used to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 12 samples. Finally, tumour p27/kip1 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody in 12 samples suitable for analysis. No sequence abnormalities were found in any of the samples other than a previously-described polymorphism. No LOH was observed in the tumours analysed. p27/kip1 mRNA expression was similar in tumour samples in comparison with normal pituitaries. Seven of the... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]