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In this work, four types of self-shielded flux-cored wires which include two ferritic wires and two nickel-based wires were specifically designed to improve the quality of underwater wet welded E40 steel joints. The effect of different wires on arc stability and the metal transfer process was examined. The slag obtained in the wet welding process with flux-cored wires was collected, milled, and subsequently analyzed. The microstructural features, mechanical performance and susceptibility to cold cracking of underwater wet welded joints were comparatively evaluated. The results showed that all the welds presented acceptable bead appearance. The arc stability of the ferritic wires with TiO2-based slag system was found to be superior to that of the Ni-based wires with CaF2-based slag system. Further, different flux-cored wires did not alter the typical metal transfer modes, however, they changed the relative proportion of the metal transfer modes. The underwater wet welded joints were free from cold cracks, which were indicated by the Y-groove restraint test. The developed self-shielded flux-cored wires possessed superior performance in terms of strength and toughness in shallow water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The holographic focusing effects of light in a carbazole photorefractive film at 632.8 nm wavelength were observed without applying a bias field, owing to the two-beam coupling process in the material. The material was prepared from the mixture of 3-formyl-N-vinylcarbazole (99 wt%) and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (1 wt%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a photovoltaic dissipative system, evolution and stability of a bright dissipative holographic photovoltaic (DHP) soliton are completely determined by the given dissipative system, i.e., they are impacted by the system parameters, such as the system temperature, the photovoltaic field of the crystal, the angle between two input beams, and the angle of polarized direction. Such DHP solitons can be easily amplified or absorbed by adjusting these system parameters. They have potential applications in optical switches or repeaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K3[Cr(CN)6] reacts with the mononuclear MnIII complex Mn(salen)ClO4 · 2H2O [salen: N,N′-ethylene bis(salicylideneiminato)dianion] to give a bimetallic heptanuclear complex cation salt [Cr{(CN)Mn(salen · H2O)}6][Cr(CN)6]6H2O. In the complex anion, [Cr{(CN)Mn(salen · H2O)}6]3+, six MnIII ions coordinate to a CrIII center via cyano bridges, forming a spherical species with 3 symmetry. A study of magnetic properties shows the presence of antiferromagnetic interaction through the cyanide bridge between CrIII (S = 3/2) and MnIII (S = 4/2) and results in a ground state S = 21/2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]