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Geospiza magnirostris, an island species, was listed as of Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; human entrapment, habitat destruction, predators, and competitors from the mainland have reduced its population. In this study, we first determined and described the complete mitochondrial genome of G. magnirostris; the circular genome of G. magnirostris is 16.798 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one non-coding control region (D-loop). The overall base composition of the mitochondrial DNA is 29.9% for A, 22.8% for T, 33.2% for C, and 14.1% for G. The percentage of G + C content is 47.3%. A phylogenetic tree was conducted to explore the taxonomic status of G. magnirostris, and showed that G. magnirostris is clustered in a clade with other Thraupidae species. This information will contribute to future phylogenetic studies of Passeriformes and further conservation strategies for this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of femoral head epiphysis growth and development among Chinese children. Between January and December, 2007, we randomly sampled 1,450 healthy Chinese children (0-5 years old) from Hunan Provincial Children's Hospital in Changsha, Hunan, China. The diameter of femoral head epiphysis was measured by pelvic X-ray photography and processed by medical image processing software. The growth of femoral head epiphysis in girls was 2-3 months earlier than that in boys. The diameter of femoral head epiphysis increased with advancing age in both girls and boys, but the diameter of femoral head epiphysis in 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10-month-old girls was significantly larger than that in boys. Cubic regression equations between the diameter of femoral head epiphysis and age were created for boys and girls that could be used to predict the diameter of femoral head epiphysis. In conclusion, there was gender difference in femoral head epiphysis growth and development among Chinese children, and our prediction models will provide the guidance for early diagnosis of diseases related to the growth and development of the femoral head epiphysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arctic ozone is important to the Arctic climate and environment system. Studying the ozone distribution and variation is helpful for understanding the Arctic climate and environment and their impact on the global system, and for numerically forecasting climate and environment change. The Chinese Arctic Research Expedition 1999 made an ozone observation program possible over the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. Ozone soundings on board the Chinese icebreaker “ Xuelong” (at 75°N, 160°W, 18-24 August 1999) made high-resolution vertical atmospheric structure and ozone distribution data available for studying ozone variation on a synoptic scale. Analysis of the observational data, the TOMS total ozone, and NCEP circulation, shows that the atmospheric ozone amount experienced a high-low-high variation with low-high-low tropopause altitude. The study shows a close relationship between the total ozone and the ozone below 13 km, while the variation in the maximum concentration at about 20 km does not show any relationship to the column ozone. A weak-strong-weak southwesterly pattern in the 500 hPa synoptic system may be responsible for a low ozone advection during this ozone variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis on NASA Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) ozone shows a clear ozone loss, −50 DU (15% of the total ozone), over Scandinavia. Correlation analysis between the ozone loss and the east-to-west sea surface temperature (SST) contrast in the North Atlantic shows correlation coefficients −0.96 for seasonal variation and −0.70 for monthly mean (168 months) in 1979–1992. Correlation coefficients between the ozone loss and the surface-to-atmosphere heat fluxes are higher than −0.87. There-fore the authors suggest that the warm Atlantic current carries energy northward to Scandina via and causes ozone loss there via the surface-to-atmosphere heating processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of satellite ozone observation and atmospheric circulation data, this study discusses the ENSO signal in the inter—annual variation of Tibet total ozone, comparing with the tropics and non—mountain zone at the same latitudes of Tibet. It is shown that the Tibet ozone increases in El Niño events and decreases in La Niña events, with weakened amplitudes compared with the Southern Hemisphere. In addition this article discusses the mass transportation related to the ozone variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From data analysis of ozone satellite observation and general circulation, this article discusses the seasonal and interannual variations of total ozone over Tibet. Analysis has been done on Quasi—Biennial Oscillation (QBO) in interannual ozone variation over Tibet, in comparison with QBO over the tropics and non—mountain region at the same latitudes of Tibet. The fact is shown that Tibet ozone QBO has an aver-aged period of 29 months, with an averaged amplitude of 8 DU. The Tibet ozone QBO is antiphase to the stratospheric wind QBO over the tropics, i.e., when the tropics 30 hPa—wind is easterly, ozone has a surplus, and vice verse. This article also discusses the impact of atmospheric transfer on ozone QBO over Tibet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce pesticides, it is also necessary to understand how plant diseases originate in the beginning and to be around them all around the world. One of the best ways to achieve this goal is to promote images that are not visible to the world (WMSN) in an agricultural country. However, the sending of a wireless device with little knowledge of the images will add more traffic to traffic, especially electricity. In this pamphlet, we create a diagnostic procedure that is aimed at driving WMSN's additional resources. From the study of the locally available nodes of the plants, this new technique can make the first choice on the vegetation of the plants, knowing how to send pictures to the control center to continue to explore, to move forward. Look at the Internet. The same method includes the distribution of images using color and shape, and its 2D profile is used as part of the stages. What happens on metal images and lack of food indicates that the correct route is 94.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]