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Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that people aged 60+ years with newly diagnosed diabetes and weight loss undergo abdominal imaging to assess for pancreatic cancer. More nuanced stratification could lead to enrichment of these referral pathways. Methods: Population-based cohort study of adults aged 30–85 years at type 2 diabetes diagnosis (2010–2021) using the QResearch primary care database in England linked to secondary care data, the national cancer registry and mortality registers. Clinical prediction models were developed to estimate risks of pancreatic cancer diagnosis within 2 years and evaluated using internal–external cross-validation. Results: Seven hundred and sixty-seven of 253,766 individuals were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer within 2 years. Models included age, sex, BMI, prior venous thromboembolism, digoxin prescription, HbA1c, ALT, creatinine, haemoglobin, platelet count; and the presence of abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, heartburn, indigestion or nausea (previous 6 months). The Cox model had the highest discrimination (Harrell's C-index 0.802 (95% CI: 0.797–0.817)), the highest clinical utility, and was well calibrated. The model's highest 1% of predicted risks captured 12.51% of pancreatic cancer cases. NICE guidance had 3.95% sensitivity. Discussion: A new prediction model could have clinical utility in identifying individuals with recent onset diabetes suitable for fast-track abdominal imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supported platinum catalysts exhibit versatile applications in heterogeneous catalysis while their active sites are identified difficultly due to the structural complexity of solid catalysts. Herein, via a comprehensive microscopic and spectroscopic study using several PtOx/CeO2 catalysts with well-controlled CeO2 morphology, we found that, besides the CeO2 morphology, the structure of supported platinum species over PtOx/CeO2 catalysts is determined by the reaction atmosphere, dominantly forming components of the platinum-ceria solid solution and fine Pt nanoparticles during propane oxidation and preferential oxidation of CO in hydrogen (CO-PROX) reactions, respectively. Catalytic performance of the platinum-ceria catalysts in propane oxidation is tightly associated with the content of metallic Pt sites which is affected by reducibility of platinum-ceria solid solution, whereas the Pt(II) species arising from the Pt-CeO2 interaction coupling with the surface oxygen vacancy concentration of ceria contribute to the CO reactivity in CO-PROX reaction. There results provide insights into the active sites of platinum-ceria catalysts in both reactions and broadens the concept of morphology-dependent catalysis of oxide-based nanocrystal catalysts that varies with the reactions catalyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]