Search

Sponge city stormwater management (SCSM) strategy in China aims for sustainable stormwater handling. While many studies have examined the technical aspects of sponge city green infrastructure (SCGI), few have explored public perspectives. This study sought to understand public perceptions, the perceived value of SCGI's ecosystem service benefits, and the potential for diverse financial compensation methods in sponge city construction. A survey conducted in five Northeastern Chinese cities, involving 1,534 participants, was analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The findings reveal no significant correlation between socio-demographic factors and understanding of stormwater management, indicating the concept's broad accessibility. Public valuation of ecosystem services showed clear priorities, and factors like homeownership and flood experiences significantly impacted the valuation of specific services. Moreover, the study identified a generally positive public attitude towards investing in SCSM, particularly through stormwater fees, underscoring the viability of diverse funding mechanisms. These insights are pivotal for policymakers and urban planners in formulating sustainable and resilient urban water management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin (MT) feed supplementation on the antioxidant capacity, immune defense, and intestinal flora in Procambarus clarkii (P. clarkii). Six groups of P. clarkii were fed test feeds containing different levels of MT: 0 mg/kg (control), 22.5, 41.2, 82.7, 165.1, and 329.2 mg/kg for a duration of 2 months. The specific growth rate, hepatosomatic index, and condition factor were recorded highest in the test group of shrimp fed an MT concentration of 165.1 mg/kg. Compared to the control group, the rate of apoptosis was lower in hepatopancreas cells of P. clarkii supplemented with high concentrations of MT. Analyses of antioxidant capacity and immune-response-related enzymes in the hepatopancreas indicated that dietary supplementation of MT significantly augmented both the antioxidant system and immune responses. Dietary MT supplementation significantly increased the expression levels of antioxidant-immunity-related genes and decreased the expression levels of genes linked to apoptosis. Dietary MT was associated with an elevation in the abundance of the Firmicutes and a reduction in the abundance of the Proteobacteria in the intestines; besides, resulting in an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacilli. The broken-line model indicated that the suitable MT concentration was 154.09–157.09 mg/kg. MT supplementation enhanced the growth performance of P. clarkii, exerting a positive influence on the intestinal microbiota, and bolstered both immune response and disease resistance. Thus, this study offered novel perspectives regarding the application of dietary MT supplementation within the aquaculture field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new attempt of removing toluene waste gas using a three-dimensional electrode reaction device with nickel–iron bimetallic particle electrode is presented in this paper. The particle electrode was prepared by a simple liquid phase reduction method. Through bimetal modification, the particle electrode mass transfer rate is increased to 1.29 times, and the degradation efficiency of the reactor is increased by nearly 40%, which makes it possible to remove toluene waste gas by other electrochemical methods in addition to plasma method. The removal efficiency of the particle electrode can be stabilized at more than 80% after 5 cycles (50 h). At the same time, the relationship between independent working parameters and dependent variables is analyzed using the central composite design, and the operating parameters are optimized. Based on this study, the removal mechanism and possible degradation pathway of toluene were investigated. This study provides a supplement to the possibility and theoretical basis of new technology application for electrocatalytic oxidation removal of VOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart health monitoring systems have been made possible by the internet of things (IoT). A person's physical and emotional well-being can be tracked by these health monitoring systems. The flow of quantum light through an integrated photonic circuit ultimately determines the scalability of various photonic quantum information processing devices. Purpose of this study is to use a machine learning (ML) method to build music signal analysis coupled with an optical sensor in a health monitoring system. Quantum photonics and the optical sensor paradigm in health monitoring are used to analyse music signals. The reinforcement gradient vector Markov propagation model has been used to assess the observed data based on optical sensors (RGVMP). the experimental analysis is carried out based on various music signal based optical sensor health monitoring data in terms of training accuracy, mean average precision, F-1 score, RMSE, AUC. The suggested model's steganography and steganalysis quantum circuits were all simulated, tested, and assessed using various audio files. The suggested method achieved 98% training accuracy, 94% mean average precision, 92% F-1 score, 73% RMSE, and 93% AUC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the complete promotion of a green, low-carbon, safe, and efficient economic system as well as energy system, the promotion of clean governance technology in the field of environmental governance becomes increasingly vital. Because of its low energy consumption, great efficiency, and lack of secondary pollutants, three-dimensional (3D) electrode technology is acknowledged as an environmentally beneficial and sustainable way to managing clean surroundings. The particle electrode is an essential feature of the 3D electrode reactor. This study provides an in-depth examination of the most current advancements in 3D electrode technology. The significance of 3D electrode technology is emphasized, with an emphasis on its use in a variety of sectors. Furthermore, the particle electrode synthesis approach and mechanism are summarized, providing vital insights into the actual implementation of this technology. Furthermore, by a metrological examination of the research literature in this sector, the paper expounds on the potential and obstacles in the development and popularization of future technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : To establish a comprehensive diagnostic model for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) based on laboratory indicators and clinical data. Methods: A retrospective method was used to query the medical records of patients with NMOSD from January 2019 to December 2021. At the same time, clinical data of other neurological diseases were also collected for comparison. Clinical data of the NMOSD group and non-NMOSD group were analyzed, and the diagnostic model was established based on these data. In addition, the model was evaluated and verified by the receiver operating curve. Results: A total of 73 patients with NMOSD were included, and the ratio of males to females was 1:3.06. The indicators that showed differences between the NMOSD group and non NMOSD group included neutrophils (P = 0.0438), PT (P = 0.0028), APTT (P < 0.0001), CK (P = 0.002), IBIL (P = 0.0181), DBIL (P < 0.0001), TG (P = 0.0078), TC (P = 0.0117), LDL-C (P = 0.0054), ApoA1 (P = 0.0123), ApoB (P = 0.0217), TPO antibody (P = 0.012), T3 (P = 0.0446), B lymphocyte subsets (P = 0.0437), urine sg (P = 0.0123), urine pH (P = 0.0462), anti-SS-A antibody (P = 0.0036), RO-52 (P = 0.0138), CSF simplex virus antibody I-IGG (P = 0.0103), anti-AQP4 antibody (P < 0.0001), and anti-MOG antibody (P = 0.0036). Logistic regression analysis showed that changes in ocular symptoms, anti-SSA antibody, anti-TPO antibody, B lymphocyte subsets, anti-AQP4 antibody, anti-MOG antibody, TG, LDL, ApoB, and APTT had a significant impact on diagnosis. The AUC of the combined analysis was 0.959. The AUC of the new ROC for AQP4- and MOG- antibody negative NMOSD was 0.862. Conclusions: A diagnostic model was successfully established, which can play an important role in differential diagnosis of NMOSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-BOC-X photocatalyst was successfully prepared by solvothermal method. The photocatalytic activity of Fe-BOC-X was determined by ciprofloxacin (CIP), a typical fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Under sunlight irradiation, all Fe-BOC-X showed better CIP removal performance than original BiOCl. In comparison, the photocatalyst with iron content of 50 wt% (Fe-BOC-3) has excellent structural stability and the best adsorption photodegradation efficiency. The removal rate of CIP (10 mg/L) by Fe-BOC-3 (0.6 g/L) reached 81.4% within 90 min. At the same time, the effects of photocatalyst dosage, pH, persulfate, persulfate concentration, and combinations of different systems (PS, Fe-BOC-3, Vis/PS, Vis/Fe-BOC-3, Fe-BOC-3/PS, and Vis/Fe-BOC-3/PS) on the reaction were systematically discussed. In reactive species trapping experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) signals revealed that the photogenerated holes (h+), hydroxyl radical (•OH), sulfate radical (•SO4−), and superoxide radical (•O2−) played an important role in CIP degradation; hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and sulfate radicals (•SO4−) play a major role. Various characterization methods have demonstrated that Fe-BOC-X has larger specific surface area and pore volume than original BiOCl. UV–vis DRS indicate that Fe-BOC-X has wider visible light absorption and faster photocarrier transfer and provides abundant surface oxygen absorption sites for effective molecular oxygen activation. Accordingly, a large number of active species were produced and participated in the photocatalytic process, thus effectively promoting the degradation of ciprofloxacin. Based on HPLC–MS analysis, two possible decomposition pathways of CIP were finally proposed. The main degradation pathways of CIP are mainly due to the high electron density of piperazine ring in CIP molecule, which is mainly attacked by various free radicals. The main reactions include piperazine ring opening, decarbonylation, decarboxylation, and fluorine substitution. This study can better open up a new way for the design of visible light driven photocatalyst and provide more ideas for the removal of CIP in water environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceuticals have recently emerged as a significant environmental concern due to the growth of population, expansion of industry, and the shift in modern lifestyles. Herein, we present a Fe(II)/percarbonate (SPC) process with dramatically enhanced efficiency by the introduction of zerovalent iron (ZVI). After the addition of ZVI, the removal rate of nizatidine (NZTD) went up from 71.7 to 84.2%. The removal rate of NZTD decreases with rising pH and speeds up with increasing temperature. It was found that under the condition of pH = 7 and T = 25 °C, the molar ratio of the optimal concentration of NZTD degradation in the system was [NZTD]0:[SPC]0:[Fe(II)]0:[ZVI]0 = 1:8:24:16, with a degradation rate of 99.8%. At the same time, target pollutants can also be successfully eliminated from actual water bodies. Moreover, we test for toxicity using luminescent bacteria, and the results demonstrate that the system is capable of effectively decreasing the toxicity of NZTD. The research findings can contribute to the clarification of the migration and transformation law of NZTD in the oxidation process, thereby providing a scientific basis and technical support for the removal of NZTD in the tertiary water treatment for a water source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Quantum photonics based music signal analysis with optical sensor in health monitoring using machine learning model" published in Optical & Quantum Electronics has been retracted by the Publisher due to concerns identified in an investigation. The retraction was made in agreement with the Editors-in-Chief after finding issues such as compromised peer-review process, inappropriate references, and content not within the journal's scope. The author did not respond to correspondence regarding the retraction. Springer Nature, the Publisher, remains neutral in this matter. [Extracted from the article]

In this work, GAC@Ni/Fe particle electrodes were prepared and employed for the degradation of sulfamethylthiadiazole (SMT) by three-dimensional electrocatalytic technology. The effects of particle electrode bi-metal loading ratio, cell voltage, particle electrode dosage, electrode plate spacing, and SMT initial concentration on SMT removal were studied. In addition, GAC@Ni/Fe particle electrode was analyzed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) to characterize which indicated that a significant amount of iron-nickel oxide was formed on the surface of GAC@Ni/Fe particle electrode. The results indicated that when the nickel–iron loading ratio is 1:1, the SMT removal effect is the best, and the removal rate can reach 90.89% within 30 min. Compared with the granular activated carbon without bimetal, the removal efficiency is increased by 37.58%. The degradation of SMT in the GAC@Ni/Fe particle three-dimensional electrode reactor is the joint result of both direct oxidation and indirect oxidation. The contribution rates of direct oxidation of anode and particle electrode and indirect oxidation of ·OH in the degradation are 32%, 27%, and 41%, respectively. Based on the intermediate detected by ultra-high liquid chromatography and the calculation of bond energy of SMT molecule by Gauss software, the degradation pathway of SMT in the GAC@Ni/Fe three-dimensional electrode reactor is proposed. This research provides a green, healthy, and effective method for removing sulfonamide micro-polluted wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a serious environmental pollutant that threatens human life. Cr(VI) is widely used in industrial processes such as metallurgy, leather processing, and electroplating, which can enter the human body through the respiratory or digestive tracts, thus causing a number of human disease, including inflammation and cancer. Although it has been confirmed that oxidative stress is one of the primary mechanism of liver injury caused by Cr(VI) exposure, the related toxic target and effective intervention measures have not been found. Clusterin (CLU) is an acute phase response protein with cytoprotective and apoptosis-delaying effects, and its expression has been confirmed to increase significantly after exposure to Cr(VI). In this study, our data clearly indicates that Cr(VI) is capable of causing hepatocytes damage through the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In contrast, over expression of CLU was able to inhibit ROS production and alleviate Cr(VI)-induced liver injury. The specific mechanisms are that CLU acts on the protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway to release Nrf2 into the nucleus. This is to initiate the expression of a downstream protein, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), thereby attenuating the ubiquitination ability of Keap1 with Nrf2. We also demonstrated that CLU could affect oxidative stress through the Akt/Nrf2 pathway, which reduced the production of ROS induced by Cr(VI) and protected against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress-associated hepatotoxicity. This study demonstrates a mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity and indicates that CLU as an intervention target of oxidative stress can provide valuable experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Cr(VI)-exposed population. Under the state of Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress, CLU though phosphorylation Akt, leading to Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1. Activated Nrf2 entered the nucleus and formed the next step, thus binding to the structure of the antioxidant response element ARE, which activated HO-1, resulting in the decrease in intracellular ROS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory sensitization has been considered an important toxicological endpoint, because of the severe risk to human health. A great part of sensitization events were caused by low molecular weight (< 1000) respiratory sensitizers in the past decades. However, there is currently no widely accepted test method that can identify prospective low molecular weight respiratory sensitisers. Herein, we performed the study of modeling and insights into molecular basis of low molecular weight respiratory sensitizers with a high-quality data set containing 136 respiratory sensitizers and 518 nonsensitizers. We built a number of classification models by using OCHEM tools, and a consensus model was developed based on the ten best individual models. The consensus model showed good predictive ability with a balanced accuracy of 0.78 and 0.85 on fivefold cross-validation and external validation, respectively. The readers can predict the respiratory sensitization of organic compounds via https://ochem.eu/article/114857. The effect of several molecular properties on respiratory sensitization was also evaluated. The results indicated that these properties differ significantly between respiratory sensitizers and nonsensitizers. Furthermore, 14 privileged substructures responsible for respiratory sensitization were identified. We hope the models and the findings could provide useful help for environmental risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effects of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and ferritin level in infants 2 months or older. Evidence acquisition: Meta-analysis of randomized control trials searched systematically from PubMed, Cochrane and Web of science. Trials published from Jan 1,1975 to Mar 12, 2018, no language and country restrictions. Twelve studies were included in this meta-analysis. In total, 993 infants were treated with DCC, while 989 cases received early cord clamping. Delayed cord clamping was defined as umbilical cord clamping time greater than 60s after delivery. Outcomes assed were (i) hemoglobin (Hb), (ii) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and ferritin level. Results: The results show that DCC increased hemoglobin level (SMD=0.4678 95%CI: [0.1515, 0.7841]), Ferritin level (SMD=2.1450 95%CI: [1.0431, 3.2470]) and MCV (SMD=0.5751 95%CI: [0.1637, 0.9865]) in infants between 2–12 months compared to ECC subject analysis noted the effects of Hb increase was greater in Asian infants. Conclusions: Delayed cord clamping improved the Hb, MCV and ferritin level of infants after birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the impacts of dietary arsenic trioxide (AsO) on 26 mineral element contents in the liver and kidney of chicken. A total of 100 male Hy-line cocks were randomly divided into 2 groups (50 chickens in each group), including an arsenic-treated group (basic diet supplemented with AsO at 30 mg/kg) and a control group (basal diet). The feeding experiment lasted for 90 days and the experimental animals were given free access to feed and water. We determined 26 mineral elements in the liver and kidney by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that nine element levels (Al, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Cd, Ba, and Pb) were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) in the liver of chickens exposed to AsO compared to the control chickens where three element levels (Ni, As, and Hg) increased significantly ( P < 0.05). The results in the kidney showed that nine element levels (Al, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sb, Ba, and Pb) were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) in the chickens exposed to AsO compared to the control chickens where four element levels (Mo, As, Cd, and Hg) increased significantly ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that supplementation of high levels of arsenic affected trace mineral levels in the liver and kidney of chicken, and the effects vary from organ to organ. The aim of this study is to provide references for further study of heavy metal poisoning by detecting the contents of minerals induced by arsenic in chicken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic (As) is a trace element widely found in nature. It exists in several forms, including organic arsenic, inorganic arsenic, and trivalent arsenic, the most toxic. Arsenic trioxide (AsO) is widespread in nature. This form tends to accumulate in animals and humans and therefore has a potential harm for them. Cytokines play essential roles in the immune response and inflammation. Although the importance of cytokines in the responses to arsenic exposure has been demonstrated in many types of mammals, the function of these in poultry, especially in chickens, remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of AsO exposure on cytokines in cock livers. In this study, 72 1-day-old male Hy-line cocks were randomly divided into four groups including the control group, low-As group, middle-As group, and high-As group. The livers were collected on days 30, 60, and 90 of the experiment. The levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-12 beta (IL-12β), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA in the livers of the cocks were measured using real-time PCR. The results showed that the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and NF-κB which seemed to be a critical mediator in the inflammatory response tended to increase in the birds chronically treated with AsO. However, the mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-12β, and IL-1β were decreased in the experiment. The information regarding the effects of AsO on cytokine mRNA expression generated in this study will be important information for arsenic toxicology evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic is a trace element widely found in nature, and there are several forms of arsenic, including the most toxic form of trivalent arsenic. Arsenic trioxide (AsO) is widespread in nature and tends to accumulate in animals and humans, thus causing great harm. Although the important role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) has been demonstrated in many types of mammals exposed to AsO, the function of these proteins in poultry, especially in cocks, remains unclear. In this study, we used experimental animals (male chickens), which were fed a diet including 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 mg kg AsO, respectively, in the control, low, middle, and high groups. The livers were collected after the cocks were treated with arsenic for 30, 60, and 90 days. We detected HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 levels in the livers of the cocks by real-time PCR and HSP60 and HSP70 levels by Western blot. The results showed that the messenger RNA and protein expression of HSPs exposed to AsO had obviously increased. These results demonstrated that arsenic toxicity affected the expression of HSP levels in cock livers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel series of binuclear metal phthalocyanines M(PcHb) and M(PcHb)C (M = Co(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)) were designed and synthesized as high-efficiency catalysts for lithium/thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl) battery. For the sake of preparing the novel compounds, a simple and convenient method called microwave irradiation was developed. Numerous techniques including elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and thermal gravimetric analysis were employed to characterize the final products. For the purpose of evaluating the catalytic performances of binuclear metal phthalocyanines to Li/SOCl battery, these compounds were operated in the electrolyte of the battery. The results revealed that the capacity of the battery had been improved approximately 15.4-46.1 %, which should be attributed to the electronic configurations of the metal ions, the phthalocyanine rings, and the synergistic effect. Among the effects of diverse metal ions on the catalytic performances of binuclear phthalocyanines, Co(II) and Ni(II) phthalocyanines were found to increase the catalytic performances to a great extent, approximately 45.1 and 46.1 %, respectively. In summary, all the evidences testified that binuclear metal phthalocyanines in this study could improve the catalyst performances dramatically when they were operated in the electrolyte of the battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report the genome sequence of a feral pigeon alphaherpesvirus (columbid herpesvirus type 1, CoHV-1), strain HLJ, and compare it with other avian alphaherpesviruses. The CoHV-1 strain HLJ genome is 204,237 bp in length and encodes approximately 130 putative protein-coding genes. Phylogenetically, CoHV-1 complete genome resides in a monophyletic group with the falconid herpesvirus type 1 (FaHV-1) genome, distant from other alphaherpesviruses. Interestingly, the evolutionary analysis of partial genes of CoHV-1 isolated from different organisms and areas (currently accessible on GenBank) indicates that the CoHV-1 HLJ strain isolated from pigeon ( Columba livia) is closely related to the strains isolated from peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus) in Poland and owl ( Bubo virginianus) in USA. These results may suggest possible transmission of the virus between different organisms and different geographic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of ion-pair chromatography was developed on a reversed-phase silica-based monolithic column for the fast and simultaneous determination of trifluoromethanesulfonate (CFSO) and p-toluenesulfonate (CHSO). The analysis was performed using a mobile phase of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide + citric acid + acetonitrile on the Chromolith Speed ROD RP-18e column with direct conductivity detection. The effects of the eluent, column temperature and flow rate on the retention of the anions were investigated. The experimental phenomenon was discussed according to hydrophobic interaction and ion-exchange mechanism in the separation. The optimized chromatographic conditions were selected. The optimized eluent for the separation consisted of 0.2 mmol L tetrabutylammonium hydroxide + 0.10 mmol L citric acid + 9% acetonitrile (pH 5.5). The flow rate was set at 6.0 mL min. The column temperature was 25 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the better separation of CFSO and CHSO was achieved without any interference by other anions (Cl, Br, I, NO, SO, ClO, BF and PF). The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.28 and 0.71 mg L for CFSO and CHSO, respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of CFSO and CHSO in ionic liquids. The spiked recoveries of CFSO and CHSO were 101.1 and 100.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silica-based monolithic column with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide–phthalic acid–acetonitrile as mobile phase has been used for LC analysis of hexafluorophosphate with direct conductivity detection. The effects of mobile phase composition, column temperature, and flow rate on retention of hexafluorophosphate were investigated and the optimum chromatographic conditions were selected. Common anions and tetrafluoroborate did not interfere with analysis of hexafluorophosphate. The detection limit (S/N = 3) for hexafluorophosphate was 6.2 mg L−1. Relative standard deviation ( n = 5) for peak area was 0.1%. The method was successfully used for analysis of hexafluorophosphate in ionic liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetism has been long sought-after and only very recently realized in atomic crystals of magnetic van der Waals materials. So far, a comprehensive understanding of the magnetic excitations in such 2D magnets remains missing. Here we report polarized micro-Raman spectroscopy studies on a 2D honeycomb ferromagnet CrI3. We show the definitive evidence of two sets of zero-momentum spin waves at frequencies of 2.28 terahertz (THz) and 3.75 THz, respectively, that are three orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional ferromagnets. By tracking the thickness dependence of both spin waves, we reveal that both are surface spin waves with lifetimes an order of magnitude longer than their temporal periods. Our results of two branches of high-frequency, long-lived surface spin waves in 2D CrI3 demonstrate intriguing spin dynamics and intricate interplay with fluctuations in the 2D limit, thus opening up opportunities for ultrafast spintronics incorporating 2D magnets. Characteristics of spin waves in recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) Ising ferromagnets are still lacking. Here, Jin and Kim et al. report Raman resonance evidence of two sets of surface spin waves in the 2D honeycomb ferromagnet CrI3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Background: This study investigates the value of fluorine 18 ([ 18 F])-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) for lymph node (LN) metastases in patients with stage I-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: From November 2021 to October 2022, 53 patients with stage I-IIIA NSCLC who underwent radical resection were prospectively included. [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and [ 18 F]FAPI examinations were performed within one week. LN staging was validated using surgical and pathological findings. [ 18 F]FDG and [ 18 F]FAPI uptake was compared using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Furthermore, the diagnostic value of nodal groups was investigated., Results: In 53 patients (median age, 64 years, range: 31-76 years), the specificity of [ 18 F]FAPI for detecting LN metastasis was significantly higher than that of [ 18 F]FDG (P < 0.001). High LN risk category, greater LN short-axis dimension(≥ 1.0 cm), absence of LN calcification or high-attenuation, and higher LN FDG SUV max (≥ 10.1) were risk factors for LN metastasis(P < 0.05). The concurrence of these four risk factors accurately predicted LN metastases (Positive Predictive Value [PPV] 100%), whereas the presence of one to three risk factors was unable to accurately discriminate the nature of LNs (PPV 21.7%). Adding [ 18 F]FAPI in this circumstance improved the diagnostic value. LNs with an [ 18 F]FAPI SUV max <6.2 were diagnosed as benign (Negative Predictive Value 93.8%), and LNs with an [ 18 F]FAPI SUV max ≥6.2 without calcification or high-attenuation were diagnosed as LN metastasis (PPV 87.5%). Ultimately, the integration of [ 18 F]FDG and [ 18 F]FAPI PET/CT resulted in the highest accuracy for N stage (83.0%) and clinical decision revisions for 29 patients., Conclusion: In patients with stage I-IIIA NSCLC, [ 18 F]FAPI contributed additional valuable information to reduce LN diagnostic uncertainties after [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT. Integrating [ 18 F]FDG and [ 18 F]FAPI PET/CT resulted in more precise clinical decisions., Trial Registration: The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100044944 (Registered: 1 April 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=123995 )., (© 2024. The Author(s).)