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Conventional mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) typically necessitates the pre-operative placement of ureteral catheters. With the development of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), we introduce a novel approach: no ureteral catheter mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (NUC-mPCNL). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of this innovative procedure compared to mPCNL, we compared the total operative time, stone clearance rate (SCR), stone-free rate (SFR), and complications among patients undergoing either modality from January to September 2021. Our findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in the mean total operative time for the NUC-mPCNL group (42.6 ± 2.4 vs. 60.2 ± 3.4 min, p < 0.001). The SCR, SFR and CSFR were comparable between two groups (98.5% vs. 97.8%, 84.3% vs. 76.0%, 64.7% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.337, 0.295, 0.625). WBC rise, hemoglobin drop and neutrophil percentage rise were similar in both groups. The overall complication rate in the NUC-mPCNL group was lower; however, the difference was not statistically significant (Clavien I, II and III; 11 vs. 13, 1 vs. 2 and 1 vs. 1). Consequently, we conclude that NUC-mPCNL effectively shortens the operative time and holds potential for expedited postoperative recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was fabricated by immobilizing luminol, a classical luminescent reagent, on a Zn-Co-ZIF carbon fiber-modified electrode for the rapid and sensitive detection of procymidone (PCM) in vegetable samples. The sensor was created by sequentially modifying the glassy carbon electrode with Zn-Co-ZIF carbon fiber (Zn-Co-ZIF CNFs), Pt@Au NPs, and luminol. Zn-Co-ZIF CNFs, prepared through electrospinning and high-temperature pyrolysis, possessed a large specific surface area and porosity, making it suitable as carrier and electron transfer accelerator in the system. Pt@Au NPs demonstrated excellent catalytic activity, effectively enhancing the generation of active substances. The ECL signal was significantly amplified by the combination of Zn-Co-ZIF CNFs and Pt@Au NPs, which can subsequently be diminished by procymidone. The ECL intensity decreased proportionally with the addition of procymidone, displaying a linear relationship within the concentration range 1.0 × 10–13 to 1.0 × 10–6 mol L−1 (R2 = 0.993). The sensor exhibited a detection limit of 3.3 × 10–14 mol L−1 (S/N = 3) and demonstrated outstanding reproducibility and stability, making it well-suited for the detection of procymidone in vegetable samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ transcriptomic techniques promise a holistic view of tissue organization and cell-cell interactions. There has been a surge of multiplexed RNA in situ mapping techniques but their application to human tissues has been limited due to their large size, general lower tissue quality and high autofluorescence. Here we report DART-FISH, a padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling hundreds to thousands of genes in centimeter-sized human tissue sections. We introduce an omni-cell type cytoplasmic stain that substantially improves the segmentation of cell bodies. Our enzyme-free isothermal decoding procedure allows us to image 121 genes in large sections from the human neocortex in <10 h. We successfully recapitulated the cytoarchitecture of 20 neuronal and non-neuronal subclasses. We further performed in situ mapping of 300 genes on a diseased human kidney, profiled >20 healthy and pathological cell states, and identified diseased niches enriched in transcriptionally altered epithelial cells and myofibroblasts.Application of multiplexed RNA in situ mapping techniques to human tissues remains challenging. Here, the authors report DART-FISH, a padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling large numbers of genes in centimetre-sized human tissue sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compounds extracted from Ganoderma atrum (G. atrum) is significantly beneficial to human health, have been incorporated in numerous remedies owing to their brain and kidney health benefits and antiinflammatory and diuretic properties. G. atrum a pilot of homology of medicine and food, has an important development value of functional food and health food. In this study, to develop a new ionic-liquid-based ultrasound-assisted extraction method and bio-affinity ultrafiltration coupled with LC and MS. Moreover, molecular docking was used to evaluate the activity of the AChE inhibitors, which were subsequently isolated and purified using consecutive counter-current chromatography (CCC) and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lastly, the active compounds were identified using MS and nuclear magnetic resonance. Four AChE inhibitors, viz. ergosterol, ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one, ergosta-7-en-3β-ol, and ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one with purities of 92.23%, 90.19%, 90.52% and 96.72%, respectively, were obtained from G. atrum using consecutive CCC (ethyl acetate/methanol/water, 4.0:1.0:7.0, v/v/v) coupled with semi-preparative HPLC (4% A (0–30 min), 4–100% A (30–40 min)). Our results suggested that G. atrum extracts can be used in the potential prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It will help to elucidate the mechanisms of action of various medicinal plants at the molecular level and provide more opportunities to discover and develop new potential therapeutic remedies from health care food resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inorganic nanocomposites especially Au nanostructures have exhibited outstanding physicochemical properties in biomedical fields. For further clinical applications on theranostics, especially drug delivery, numerous explorations of green and facile synthesis methods combining with pharmacoactive natural components have been investigated to construct safe and multifunctional bioactive Au nanoparticles (NPs). Ginsenoside Rh2 is protopanaxadiol type compound isolated from plants of genus Panax, with excellent anticancer effect and antioxidant activity. In this research, we prepared the novel Au nanoparticles using ginsenoside Rh2 as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Results: The synthesized Au@ginsenoside Rh2 NPs were proved to exhibit desirable inhibitory effect on different cancer cell lines, which benefited from the inherent anticancer effect of the ginsenoside Rh2. Investigations in vitro indicated that Au@ginsenoside Rh2 NPs inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, induced cell cycle arrest, enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and regulated the protein expressions of caspase-3, 8, 9 to trigger cell apoptosis as well. Conclusions: Because of the absence of toxic chemical surfactants, the eco-friendly synthesis method of Au NPs modified by natural phytochemicals avoided tedious separation and modification processes. On the other hand, Au@ginsenoside Rh2 NPs also improved water solubility and bioavailability of the hydrophobic drug ginsenoside Rh2. It broadened minds for preparation and application of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) modified metal nanoparticles and deserved further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indole compounds are widely found in natural products and drug candidates. The transition-metal–catalyzed regioselective C-H bond functionalization of indoles as the most efficient method for the synthesis of various functionalized indoles has been extensively studied in the past two decades due to its advantages of step economy and atom economy. In general, the catalysts included the transition-metals (Pd, Rh, Ru, Cu, Co, Fe, Zn, and Ga) and these reactions were accomplished with a remarkably wide range of coupling reagents for construction of various C–C and C-X (X = N, O, S) bonds. However, the general and important rules of the regioselectivity are not clear to date. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis through previous reported theoretical studies on transition-metal–catalyzed regioselective C-H bond functionalization of indoles was crucial and significant. In this review, we found that when the C-H bond activation process was the rate-determining step, the regioselectivity ordinarily occurred at the C7 or C4 positions (on benzene ring), and otherwise, the regioselectivity often occurred at C2 position (on pyrrole ring). For indoline substrates, the C-H bond functionalization occurred at the benzene ring. General rules of the regioselectivities for transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of indoles. This review collects major advances in the transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of indoles and indolines [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant and free radical scavenger that converts harmful toxins into harmless substances and excretes them out of the body. In this paper, 3D hierarchical flower-like nanozyme named MnO2/PS (polystyrene) was successfully prepared by template method for the first time. After the systematical studies, MnO2/PS nanozyme was evaluated to possess favorable oxidase activity and direct 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) catalytic ability in the near-neutral environment at room temperature. With the addition of different concentrations of GSH, oxidized TMB can be reduced to TMB with the whole process from blue to nearly colorless be observed by naked eyes. In addition, there is a good linear relationship in the range 1–50 μM and a detection limit of 0.08 μM. The method proposed can be successfully applied to the detection of reduced GSH in tablets and injections with good selectivity and high sensitivity. The analysis results exhibited good consistency with the results obtained by HPLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antioxidant capacity of 22 kinds of fruits was measured by the developed electron spin resonance (ESR) method based on Cu2+ sensor. Cu2+ is reduced to Cu+ by the antioxidants in the fruits, and the remaining Cu2+ was determined by ESR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Cu2+ can give an ESR signal whereas Cu+ cannot, and the loss of the ESR signal was used to quantify the antioxidant capacity of various fruits. The results were shown as vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC). The VCEAC values obtained by ESR and UV-Vis methods ranged from 24.23 to 688.61 mg/100 g and from 24.12 to 677.79 mg/100 g, respectively. Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) methods were employed for comparison. Based on Pearson's correlation test, the results obtained by CUPRAC and DPPH methods were both significantly correlated with these obtained by the present method, which indicated that the novel method was reliable. Total phenolic content for all kinds of fruits was measured with the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and VCEAC values obtained by the ESR method were significantly correlated with total phenolic contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a graphene-based magnetic nanocomposite (FeO@G) was synthesized by covalent bonding. The presence of FeO was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the FeO@G was used as adsorbent for the extraction of eight organochlorine pesticides in orange juice samples prior to their gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection. Various experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiencies, such as the amount of FeO@G, extraction time, the pH of the sample solution and desorption conditions were investigated. Under optimized experimental conditions, good linearity existed in the range of 1.0-200.0 ng mL for all the analytes with the correlation coefficients ( R) ranging from 0.9904 to 0.9992. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of the method for the compounds were between 0.01 and 0.05 ng mL. Good reproducibilities were obtained with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 9.6 %. The recoveries of the method were in the range between 73.8 and 105.4 % with RSDs less than 7.7 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack resulted in a novel compound, 3′,5′-dihydroxy-5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone, together with 13 known compounds. The structure of the novel compound was identified by 1D, 2D NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC), mass spectrometry, and IR spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel method based on ultrasonic-assisted nebulization extraction coupled with solid phase extraction (UANE-SPE) and determined by high performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of triterpenoids in root of Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. The experimental conditions for the UANE-SPE, such as type of extraction solvent, sample amount, type and amount of sorbent, extraction time and volume of the elution solvent, were examined and optimized. The method was successfully applied to determine euphol and tirucallol in the dried root of E. pekinensis Rupr. The recoveries of the analytes were in the range of 89.1-102.0 %. The limits of detection were 12 μg g for tirucallol and 10 μg g for euphol. The extraction yields obtained by the proposed method are higher than those obtained by the conventional extraction methods, such as reflux and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed method can reduce the consumption of the labor, shorten the sample preparation time and increase the efficiencies in the extraction of active constituents from plant materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

fast and simple procedure based on matrix solid-phase dispersion was carried out for the extraction of three kinds of lignans, including podophyllotoxin, 4′-demethylpodophyllotoxin and podophyllotoxin glucoside, from the dried roots of Sinopodophyllum emodi Wall. After extraction, the lignans were determined by LC. The main experimental parameters, including type of dispersant, type of clean-up absorbent and type and volume of elution solvent, were examined and optimized. Compared with reflux extraction, the proposed method is simpler, faster and more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arterial pulse waveform analysis has been widely used to reflect physiological changes in the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the changes of waveform characteristics of both photoplethysmographic (PPG) and radial pulses with gestational age during normal pregnancy. PPG and radial pulses were simultaneously recorded from 130 healthy pregnant women at seven gestational time points. After normalizing the arterial pulse waveforms, the abscissa of notch point, the total pulse area and the reflection index were extracted and compared between different measurement points and between the PPG and radial pulses using post-hoc multiple comparisons with Bonferrioni correction. The results showed that the effect of gestational age on all the three waveform characteristics was significant (all p < 0.001) after adjusting for maternal age, heart rate and blood pressures. All the three waveform characteristics demonstrated similar changing trends with gestational age, and they were all significantly different between the measurements from gestational week 12-15 and the others (all p < 0.05, except for the PPG total pulse area between the first and second measurement points). In conclusion, this study has comprehensively quantified similar changes of both PPG and radial pulse waveform characteristics with gestational age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eutrophication of freshwater systems can result in blooms of phytoplankton, in many cases cyanobacteria. This can lead to shifts in structure and functions of phytoplankton communities adversely affecting the quality of drinking water sources, which in turn impairs public health. Relationships between structures of phytoplankton communities and concentrations of the toxicant, microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), have not been well examined in large shallow lakes. The present study investigated phytoplankton communities at seven locations from January to December of 2015 in Tai Lake, and relationships between structures and diversities of phytoplankton communities and water quality parameters, including concentrations of MC-LR and metals, were analyzed.Results: A total of 124 taxa of phytoplankton were observed, and the predominant taxa were Microcystis sp. and Dolichospermum flos-aquae of Cyanophyta and Planctonema sp. of Chlorophyta. The greatest diversities of phytoplankton communities, as indicated by species richness, Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, the Berger and Parker, and the Pielou evenness indices, were observed in spring. Furthermore, productivity of phytoplankton was significantly and negatively correlated with diversities. These results demonstrated that Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, the Berger and Parker, and the Pielou evenness indices of phytoplankton communities were significantly related to trophic status and overall primary productivity in Tai Lake. In addition, temperature of surface water, pH, permanganate index, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, arsenic, total nitrogen/total phosphorous ratio, and MC-LR were the main factors associated with structures of phytoplankton communities in Tai Lake.Conclusion: The present study provided helpful information on phytoplankton community structure and diversity in Tai Lake from January to December of 2015. Our findings demonstrated that Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, the Berger and Parker, and the Pielou evenness indices could be used to assess and monitor for status and trends in water quality of Tai Lake. In addition, MC-LR was one of the main factors associated with structures of phytoplankton communities in Tai Lake. The findings may help to address important ecological questions about the impact of a changing environment on biodiversity of lake ecosystems and the control of algae bloom. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between MC-LR and phytoplankton communities in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate Attenuates IL-Iβ-Induced Changes in Dopamine and Metabolites in the Shell of the Nucleus Accumbens: Involved with PLA2 Activity and Corticosterone Secretion," that was published in the publication "Neuropsychopharmacology" is presented.