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During adolescence, academics occupy a significant portion of time, and social needs reach their peak. It is crucial to explore two key challenges faced by adolescents: deviant peer affiliation and academic burnout. According to Self-Verification Theory, adolescents tend to select information that is consistent with their self-concept. This study aims to investigate the interrelationships among adolescents' core self-evaluation, academic burnout, and deviant peer affiliation. 1214 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 15.46, SDage = 0.71) from central China completed a questionnaire survey on Academic Burnout Inventory, Core Self-evaluation Scale, and Deviant Peer Affiliation Questionnaire. The findings revealed that deviant peer affiliation positively predicted academic burnout, while the reverse was not observed. Core self-evaluation was found to be predictors of both academic burnout and deviant peer affiliation, and in turn, core self-evaluation was influenced by the two factors. In addition, a dynamic cyclical relationship was found between core self-evaluation and academic burnout, and the mutual relations between academic burnout and deviant peer affiliation were through core self-evaluation. This research enhanced our comprehension of adolescents' self-evaluation, academic challenges, and peer interactions, highlighted the need to focus on the enduring influence of core self-evaluation on adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common type of non-small cell lung cancer is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which is characterized by high morbidity and poor survival. Up-regulation of SASS6 expression can lead to the progression of various malignant tumors. However, there are no relevant studies on the role of SASS6 in LUAD. SASS6 was highly expressed in most tumors, reflecting a good diagnostic value, and its overexpression in LUAD indicated discouraging overall prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that SASS6 was associated with cell cycle in LUAD. In addition, patients with high SASS6 expression had worse immune infiltration, but higher TMB and immune checkpoint, and higher sensitivity to multiple targeted drugs such as osimertinib. Cell experiments confirmed that knockdown of SASS6 could inhibit the viability of tumor cells.SASS6 has important value in the diagnosis of cancer. In particular, SASS6 is a crucial factor in the progression of LUAD, and has important clinical value, especially in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate and rapid detection of persulfate concentration is important for environmental decontamination and human health protection. In this work, a novel self-powered electrochemical sensor for the sensitive monitoring of persulfate was developed, which utilized cobalt tetroxide (Co3O4@CC) or tin-doped cobalt tetroxide (SnxCo3−xO4@CC) cathode as the sensing element and anode with electrogenic microorganisms as the power supplier. The Co3O4@CC and SnxCo3−xO4@CC electrodes were fabricated by in situ growing nanostructured Co3O4 or SnxCo3−xO4 catalysts on carbon cloth. Electrochemical tests revealed that these electrodes exhibited excellent catalytic reduction performance toward persulfate because of the synergistic catalysis by Co3O4 and electrode electrons, well-exposed Co2+/Co3+ catalytic sites, and high electron transfer efficiency. Tin doping could enhance the catalytic persulfate reduction by improving the conductivity and electron transfer of the Co3O4 catalyst. The electrode prepared at a hydrothermal temperature of 90 °C and a tin dosage of 0.286 g·cm−2 achieved the highest persulfate reduction activity under pH 7. The sensing properties of the self-powered sensors toward persulfate were explored in detail. Results showed that under the optimal external load of 300 Ω, the proposed sensor could display a broad detection range of 0 to 1500 μmol L−1 K2S2O8 with sensitivities of 1.13 and 0.12 μA μmol−1 L, a detection limit of 1.11 μmol L−1 (S/N = 3), and a fast response time within 30 s. The sensors also presented satisfactory reproducibility and selectivity during the detection of persulfate. The proposed sensor will provide a new approach for sensitive, on-site, and real-time monitoring of persulfate for a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional copper sulfide (CuS) wires were realized by the acrylamide-assisted hydrothermal process using Cu(NO3)2 and thiourea (NH2CSNH2) as reactants at 100 °C. A copper sulfide/carbon nanotube (CNTs) composite was fabricated as a similar method with the addition of CNTs. The samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and Raman scattering spectra, respectively. The influence of reaction temperature and amine on the morphologies of CuS nanocrystals was investigated. As anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, the electrochemical studies show that the CuS/CNT composite electrode delivers a higher reversible capacity of 428.1 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 for the 100th cycle, because CNTs can be a conductive agent to provide a fast path for electron transportation, compared with the bare CuS wires (280 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles). The synthesis results indicate that the amine-directed synthesis strategy of copper sulfide could be extended for the preparation of other metal sulfide nanostructures. Further, the incorporation of the CNT matrix into the copper sulfide is an effective approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of CuS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mental well-being and dietary habits of adolescents have gained considerable attention over the past decades. The focus of most of the previous research has centered on the impact of specific food types and family meal frequency on mental health. However, the relationship between how often families eat together and other varied eating habits on the psychological well-being of young people remains under-researched. To address this, a survey was conducted among a large sample of students from Chinese elementary to high schools (N = 374,487). The study classified eating arrangement into three categories: only with family members, a combination of eating with family and other situations, and not eating with family at all. Findings indicate that regular meals with family correlate with a decrease in depressive symptoms and an increase in life satisfaction and positive mental health. This study also tested grade and gender differences. The highest grade range (10th -12th grade) showed the least impact on their mental health, which may be attributed to maturation and shifts in social relationships. The findings also suggest that the influence of eating arrangements on mental health was more pronounced among girls than boys, although this effect was relatively mild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive decline, is increasingly recognized as a disorder marked by synaptic loss and dysfunction. Despite this understanding, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to synaptic impairment remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidate a previously undiscovered signaling pathway wherein the S-nitrosylation of the Cdk5 activator p39, a post-translational modification involving the addition of nitric oxide to protein cysteine residues, plays a crucial role in synaptic dysfunction associated with AD. Our investigation reveals heightened p39 S-nitrosylation in the brain of an amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mouse model of AD. Additionally, soluble amyloid-β oligomers (Aβ), implicated in synaptic loss in AD, induce p39 S-nitrosylation in cultured neurons. Notably, we uncover that p39 protein level is regulated by S-nitrosylation, with nitric oxide S-nitrosylating p39 at Cys265 and subsequently promoting its degradation. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that S-nitrosylation of p39 at Cys265 significantly contributes to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide-induced dendrite retraction and spine loss. Collectively, our findings highlight S-nitrosylation of p39 as a novel aberrant redox protein modification involved in the pathogenesis of AD, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for the disease. This study highlights S-nitrosylation of p39, a post-translational modification in which nitric oxide is attached to free cysteine residues, as a novel aberrant redox protein modification involved in the synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely known controversies about the results of violent video game increase aggression. However, the role of competitive video games, has received less research attention, and the underlying mechanisms of their influence are unknown. This study aimed to expand the existing literature by systematically exploring the effects of competitive video game exposure on adolescent aggression and the mediating role of impulsivity. In so doing, three types of studies (collectively N = 2919, mean age varied from 13.75 to 15.44 years, with a balanced gender) combining cross-sectional, experimental, and longitudinal approaches, were conducted. The findings consistently show that competitive video game exposure increased adolescents' aggression and impulsivity. Also, impulsivity mediated the correlation and long-term effect of competitive video game exposure on aggression. However, the experimental study did not confirm the short-term mediating effect of impulsivity, which may be related to the type of aggression measured in the study. The results indicate that competitive video game exposure is an important antecedent factor for adolescent aggression, and impulsivity is the key underlying mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A soft-core oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsion (NE) is composed of nanometer (nm) sized oil droplets, stabilized by a surfactant layer and dispersed in a continuous bulky water phase. Characterization of the o/w NE molecule arrangements non-invasively, particularly the drug phase distribution (DPD) and its correlation to oil globule size (OGS), remains a challenge. Here we demonstrated the analytical methods of intact 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 1H diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR for their specificity in measuring DPD and OGS, respectively, on three NE formulations containing the active ingredient difluprednate (DFPN) at the same concentration. The results illustrated synchronized molecular rearrangement reflected in the DPD and OGS upon alterations in formulation. Addition of surfactant resulted in a higher DPD in the surfactant layer, and concomitantly smaller OGS. Mechanic perturbation converted most of the NE globules to the smaller thermodynamically stable microemulsion (ME) globules, changing both DPD and OGS to ME phase. These microstructure changes were not observed using 1D 1H NMR; and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was only sensitive to OGS of ME globule in mechanically perturbed formulation. Collectively, the study illustrated the specificity and essential role of intact NMR methods in measuring the critical microstructure attributes of soft-core NE systems quickly, accurately, and non-invasively. Therefore, the selected NMR approach can be a unique diagnostic tool of molecular microstructure or Q3 property in o/w NE formulation development, and quality assurance after manufacture process or excipient component changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA base editing technologies predominantly utilize engineered deaminases, limiting their ability to edit thymine and guanine directly. In this study, we successfully achieve base editing of both cytidine and thymine by leveraging the translesion DNA synthesis pathway through the engineering of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG). Employing structure-based rational design, exploration of homologous proteins, and mutation screening, we identify a Deinococcus radiodurans UNG mutant capable of effectively editing thymine. When fused with the nickase Cas9, the engineered DrUNG protein facilitates efficient thymine base editing at endogenous sites, achieving editing efficiencies up to 55% without enrichment and exhibiting minimal cellular toxicity. This thymine base editor (TBE) exhibits high editing specificity and significantly restores IDUA enzyme activity in cells derived from patients with Hurler syndrome. TBEs represent efficient, specific, and low-toxicity approaches to base editing with potential applications in treating relevant diseases. Base editing technologies predominantly utilize engineered deaminases for cytosine and adenine. Here, the authors achieve efficient, specific, and low-toxicity base editing of thymine by engineering Deinococcus radiodurans uracil-DNA glycosylase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the association between serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) half-life (HL) and prognosis in prepubertal children with elevated AFP values 3 to 4 weeks after surgery for testicular yolk sac tumors (YST). Methods: Prepubertal patients with testicular YST treated with radical orchiectomy between January 2016 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Negative outcomes were defined as relapse, metastasis or death. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to select risk factors for negative outcomes. Results: A total of 42 patients were eventually enrolled into the study. Patients were divided into non-negative and negative outcomes groups, consisting of 35 and 7 patients, respectively. Thirty-five patients were stage I, two cases were stage II, and five cases were stage IV, according to the Children's Oncology Group staging system. The overall survival (OS) rate was 100%. Average AFP values significantly decreased after resection (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was shown between pre- and postoperative AFP values (r = 0.60, P < 0.001). Long AFP HL was considered as an independent risk factor for negative outcomes in YST patients underwent radical orchiectomy (P = 0.04). The cut-off value for AFP HL was 5.78 days, regardless of age division. Conclusion: Testicular YST is a relatively rare disease in children with an OS of 100%, and salvage chemotherapy is effective even in grade IV patients. The postoperative AFP HL was significantly associated with prognosis in prepubertal patients with testicular YST. The cut-off value for AFP HL is 5.78 days regardless of the effect of physiological AFP elevation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene-based, high-quality, two-dimensional electronic systems have emerged as a highly tunable platform for studying superconductivity1–21. Specifically, superconductivity has been observed in both electron- and hole-doped twisted graphene moiré systems1–17, whereas in crystalline graphene systems, superconductivity has so far been observed only in hole-doped rhombohedral trilayer graphene (RTG)18 and hole-doped Bernal bilayer graphene (BBG)19–21. Recently, enhanced superconductivity has been demonstrated20,21 in BBG because of the proximity to a monolayer WSe2. Here we report the observation of superconductivity and a series of flavour-symmetry-breaking phases in electron- and hole-doped BBG/WSe2 devices by electrostatic doping. The strength of the observed superconductivity is tunable by applied vertical electric fields. The maximum Berezinskii–Kosterlitz−Thouless transition temperature for the electron- and hole-doped superconductivity is about 210 mK and 400 mK, respectively. Superconductivities emerge only when the applied electric fields drive the BBG electron or hole wavefunctions towards the WSe2 layer, underscoring the importance of the WSe2 layer in the observed superconductivity. The hole-doped superconductivity violates the Pauli paramagnetic limit, consistent with an Ising-like superconductor. By contrast, the electron-doped superconductivity obeys the Pauli limit, although the proximity-induced Ising spin–orbit coupling is also notable in the conduction band. Our findings highlight the rich physics associated with the conduction band in BBG, paving the way for further studies into the superconducting mechanisms of crystalline graphene and the development of superconductor devices based on BBG.Tunable superconductivity and a series of flavour-symmetry-breaking phases are observed in electron- and hole-doped Bernal bilayer graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a great concern since 2019. Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) may be at higher risk of COVID-19 and a more severe disease course. We examined the associations between COVID-19 and MG. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study involved 134 patients who were diagnosed with MG from June 2020 to November 2022 and followed up until April 2023. They were divided into a COVID-19 group and non-COVID-19 group. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect factors potentially associating COVID-19 with MG. Results: Of the 134 patients with MG, 108 (80.6%) had COVID-19. A higher number of comorbidities was significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 (p = 0.040). A total of 103 patients (95.4%) had mild/moderate COVID-19 symptoms, and 4 patients (3.7%) were severe/critical symptoms (including 2 deaths). Higher age (p = 0.036), use of rituximab (p = 0.037), tumors other than thymoma (p = 0.031), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (p = 0.011), more comorbidities (p = 0.002), and a higher baseline MG activities of daily living (MG-ADL) score (p = 0.006) were risk factors for severe COVID-19 symptoms. The MG-ADL score increased by ≥ 2 points in 16 (15.7%) patients. Dry cough and/or expectoration (p = 0.011), use of oral corticosteroids (p = 0.033), and use of more than one kind of immunosuppressant (p = 0.017) were associated with the increase of the post-COVID-19 MG-ADL score. Conclusion: Most patients with MG have a mild course of COVID-19. However, patients with older age, many comorbidities, a high MG-ADL score, and use of a variety of immunosuppressants during COVID-19 may be more prone to severe symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the impact of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) on the properties of pea albumin (PA). To achieve this objective, PA was homogenized at 0, 80, and 120 MPa. The FTIR and intrinsic fluorescence results indicated that the DHPM resulted in significantly change on secondary structures and the unfolding of the protein structure. The particle size of PA significantly decreased from 2.397 to 0.797 μm. The changes of the structure and particle size of PA had influence on functionality of PA, when compared to the natural PA, the treated PA showed improved functional properties as the solubility increased by 18.09%, the EAI increased by 24.00%, the ESI increased by 16%, the foaming properties increased by 13.00%. The treated PA was applied in Pickering emulsions, the results indicated that Pickering emulsions stabilized with PA. The Pickering emulsions with adding treated PA showed better properties than Pickering emulsions with adding natural PA. The Pickering emulsions with adding treated PA had the smaller droplet size and a better performance of the stratification stability, meanwhile, the apparent viscosity and shear stress also increased which was beneficial to the stratification stability. In conclusion, DHPM has the ability to change the structural and functional properties of PA, and promote its application in protein-based food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of interactions between chemical compounds and proteins is crucial for various applications, including drug discovery, target identification, network pharmacology, and elucidation of protein functions. Deep neural network-based approaches are becoming increasingly popular in efficiently identifying compound-protein interactions with high-throughput capabilities, narrowing down the scope of candidates for traditional labor-intensive, time-consuming and expensive experimental techniques. In this study, we proposed an end-to-end approach termed SPVec-SGCN-CPI, which utilized simplified graph convolutional network (SGCN) model with low-dimensional and continuous features generated from our previously developed model SPVec and graph topology information to predict compound-protein interactions. The SGCN technique, dividing the local neighborhood aggregation and nonlinearity layer-wise propagation steps, effectively aggregates K-order neighbor information while avoiding neighbor explosion and expediting training. The performance of the SPVec-SGCN-CPI method was assessed across three datasets and compared against four machine learning- and deep learning-based methods, as well as six state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results revealed that SPVec-SGCN-CPI outperformed all these competing methods, particularly excelling in unbalanced data scenarios. By propagating node features and topological information to the feature space, SPVec-SGCN-CPI effectively incorporates interactions between compounds and proteins, enabling the fusion of heterogeneity. Furthermore, our method scored all unlabeled data in ChEMBL, confirming the top five ranked compound-protein interactions through molecular docking and existing evidence. These findings suggest that our model can reliably uncover compound-protein interactions within unlabeled compound-protein pairs, carrying substantial implications for drug re-profiling and discovery. In summary, SPVec-SGCN demonstrates its efficacy in accurately predicting compound-protein interactions, showcasing potential to enhance target identification and streamline drug discovery processes. Scientific contributions The methodology presented in this work not only enables the comparatively accurate prediction of compound-protein interactions but also, for the first time, take sample imbalance which is very common in real world and computation efficiency into consideration simultaneously, accelerating the target identification and drug discovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we initially enhance the Fletcher–Reeves (FR) conjugate parameter through a shrinkage multiplier, leading to a derivative-free two-term search direction and its extended spectral version. The results indicate that both search directions demonstrate sufficient descent and trust-region properties, irrespective of the line search method utilized. Then, by combining the hyperplane projection-based approach and inertia technique, we present two inertial FR-type conjugate gradient projection-based methods for solving constrained nonlinear equations. The global convergence of our methods is theoretically established, without requiring the monotonicity or pseudo-monotonicity of the underlying mapping, nor the Lipschitz continuity condition. Numerical experiments conducted on constrained nonlinear equations, as well as applications in regularized decentralized logistic regression problems and sparse signal restoration problems, have demonstrated the numerical efficacy of our methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of human locomotion intent benefits the seamless switching of lower limb exoskeleton controllers in different terrains to assist humans in walking safely. In this paper, a deep belief network (DBN) was developed to construct a multimodal framework for recognizing various locomotion modes and predicting transition tasks. Three fusion strategies (data level, feature level, and decision level) were explored, and optimal network performance was obtained. This method could be tested on public datasets. For the continuous performance of steady state, the best prediction accuracy achieved was 97.64% in user-dependent testing and 96.80% in user-independent testing. During the transition state, the system accurately predicted all transitions (user-dependent: 96.37%, user-independent: 95.01%). The multimodal framework based on DBN can accurately predict the human locomotion intent. The experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed model in the volition control of the lower limb exoskeleton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-speed rail has been operating in more than 25 countries (mainly in Asia, Europe and North America), and has become an important part of global economic development. However, the cleaning and maintenance of high-speed rail is a comprehensive task, which may easily cause environmental pollution. This study aims to analyze and improve the sustainability of the formulation and production process of a concentrated complex enzyme detergent used as the maintenance agent for high-speed trains via the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The eFootprint software system with built-in China, European and Swiss Ecoinvent databases was used to establish the LCA model with the system boundary being from cradle to gate. The LCA model showed that the production of 1 kg of concentrated detergent generates the global warming potential of 2.53 kg CO2 eq, and other environmental emissions including acidification potential of 0.01 kg SO2 eq, eutrophication potential of 3.76E-03 kg PO43−eq, inhalable inorganic matter of 3.17E-03 kg PM2.5 eq, ozone depletion potential of 5.3E-06 kg CFC-11 eq, photochemical ozone formation potential of 3.44E-03 kg NMVOC eq, primary energy demand of 3.17 MJ, abiotic depletion potential of 4.97E-6 kg antimony eq, and water use of 0.84 kg. LCA results are not strongly dependent to the assumptions of the research, and the uncertainties of LCA results are between 8 and 16%, which is mainly due to the regional differences in technology sources, the year of technical data collection, and the representativeness of technology collection companies. Carbon footprint analysis showed that the production processes of enzyme stabilizer (glycerol) and surfactants contributed the most, while changes in power consumption during production and transportation distance of raw materials had limited effect on total carbon emissions. Therefore, the formulation of the concentrated complex enzymatic detergent was improved based on the LCA results. The new formulations with less enzyme stabilizer showed similar detergency to the original formulation. The new formulations could reduce carbon emissions by 5,500–9,200 tons per year and save between $4.4 and $7.4 million in annual production of 10,000 tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Mindful parenting is an essential aspect of parenting practices, yet the role of mindful parenting in children's social-emotional development in Chinese culture is poorly understood. This study examined how mindful parenting would predict the trajectories of social-emotional development among Chinese migrant preschoolers. Method: A total of 108 migrant families with preschool-aged children participated in three waves of data collection over 1 year. Parents completed questionnaires on their mindful parenting and their children's self-regulation. Children's behavioral regulation, emotion knowledge, and social problem solving skills were assessed using individual assessments. Results: Three aspects of mindful parenting (i.e., compassion and acceptance, interacting with full attention, and emotional awareness of the child) positively predicted children's initial levels of self-regulation. However, there were no significant associations between mindful parenting and children's initial levels or growth rates of behavioral regulation, emotion knowledge, and social problem solving skills. Conclusions: These findings revealed mixed evidence of the role of mindful parenting in Chinese preschoolers' social-emotional development, and they highlighted the need to understand mindful parenting and its developmental effects in different cultural contexts. Preregistration: This study is not pre-registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations in cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (CSRP3)/muscle LIM protein (MLP), a key regulator of striated muscle function, have been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in patients. However, the roles of CSRP3 in heart development and regeneration are not completely understood. In this study, we characterized a novel zebrafish gene-trap line, gSAIzGFFM218A, which harbors an insertion in the csrp3 genomic locus, heterozygous fish served as a csrp3 expression reporter line and homozygous fish served as a csrp3 mutant line. We discovered that csrp3 is specifically expressed in larval ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) and that csrp3 deficiency leads to excessive trabeculation, a common feature of CSRP3-related HCM and DCM. We further revealed that csrp3 expression increased in response to different cardiac injuries and was regulated by several signaling pathways vital for heart regeneration. Csrp3 deficiency impeded zebrafish heart regeneration by impairing CM dedifferentiation, hindering sarcomere reassembly, and reducing CM proliferation while aggravating apoptosis. Csrp3 overexpression promoted CM proliferation after injury and ameliorated the impairment of ventricle regeneration caused by pharmacological inhibition of multiple signaling pathways. Our study highlights the critical role of Csrp3 in both zebrafish heart development and regeneration, and provides a valuable animal model for further functional exploration that will shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of CSRP3-related human cardiac diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel Li2ZnTi3O8 (LZTO) with a zero volumetric change, exhibits high safety as an anode of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the low electrical conductivity restricts its wide application. A facile one-step solid-state route has been used to synthesize LZTO@C-N composites with different N content. The existence of N-doped carbon improves the diffusion coefficients of Li+ ions and the electronic conductivity, and reduces the charge-transfer resistance and the side reactions between electrolyte and LZTO. The N content can affect the lattice constants and the appearance the new phases. The LZTO@C-N-2 composite with the proper N content of 2.2 w.% possesses the best electrochemical performance in wide temperature range from 0 to 55 °C. Discharging at 2 A g−1 and charging at 0.5 A g−1, 219.7 and 214.8 mAh g−1 are obtained for LZTO@C-N-2 at the 1st and 150th cycles, respectively, with small capacity fade at 25 °C. 290.3 and 151 mAh g−1 are delivered at the 1st and 150th cycles for LZTO@C-N-2 at 55 °C, respectively. Even at 0 °C, the LZTO@C-N-2 composite still shows good rate capability. The simple synthetic route and good electrochemical performance enable LZTO@C-N-2 to be a potential anode of LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative edge storage (CES) can provide high-quality data sharing for end users through the collaborative use of edge storage resources. However, due to the lack of trust between different edge storage servers, satisfying data authenticity, storage reliability, and identity privacy protection simultaneously become the main research challenge in the field of CES. While the emerging blockchain-based collaborative storage solutions (BBCES) can solve the problems of data authenticity and storage reliability, the transparency of blockchain makes privacy become the main issue. In this paper, we propose a CP-ABE-based identity management framework (CIM), which can effectively protect the identity information of edge entities in the BBCES. On CIM, we design a CP-ABE scheme to protect the identity privacy of edge entities by encrypting classified identity information. The encrypted identity information of a new joining entity will be recorded in the blockchain. When edge entities participate in CES, the identification number of their encrypted identity information will be recorded in the blockchain. Besides, via the tracing algorithm, the system entity can get the authorized identity information of these edge entities participating in a specific CES, which can realize identity traceability while protecting identity privacy. Further, theoretical analysis and extensive experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness and performance of this scheme in the identity privacy protection of CES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring an active and cost-effective electrocatalyst alternative to carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have remained elusive to date. Here, we report a catalyst based on platinum single atoms (SAs) doped into the hetero-interfaced Ru/RuO2 support (referred to as Pt-Ru/RuO2), which features a low HER overpotential, an excellent stability and a distinctly enhanced cost-based activity compared to commercial Pt/C and Ru/C in 1 M KOH. Advanced physico-chemical characterizations disclose that the sluggish water dissociation is accelerated by RuO2 while Pt SAs and the metallic Ru facilitate the subsequent H* combination. Theoretical calculations correlate with the experimental findings. Furthermore, Pt-Ru/RuO2 only requires 1.90 V to reach 1 A cm−2 and delivers a high price activity in the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer, outperforming the benchmark Pt/C. This research offers a feasible guidance for developing the noble metal-based catalysts with high performance and low cost toward practical H2 production. Exploring an active and cost-effective catalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction remains elusive to date. Here, the authors report the platinum single-atoms doped ruthenium/ruthenium oxides showing distinctly enhanced catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest productivity is closely linked to seasonal variations and vertical differentiation in leaf traits. However, leaf structural and chemical traits variation among co-existing species, and plant functional types within the canopy are poorly quantified. In this study, the seasonality of leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were quantified vertically along the canopy of four major tree species and two types of herbs in a temperate deciduous forest. The role of shade tolerance in shaping the seasonal variation and vertical differentiation was examined. During the entire season, chlorophyll content showed a distinct asymmetric unimodal pattern for all species, with greater chlorophyll levels in autumn than in spring, and the timing of peak chlorophyll per leaf area gradually decreased as shade tolerance increased. Chlorophyll a:b ratios gradually decreased with increasing shade tolerance. Leaf N and P contents sharply declined during leaf expansion, remained steady in the mature stage and decreased again during leaf senescence. Over the seasons, the lower canopy layer had significantly higher chlorophyll per leaf mass but not chlorophyll per leaf area than the upper canopy layer regardless of degree of shade tolerance. However, N and P per leaf area of intermediate shade-tolerant and fully shade-tolerant tree species were significantly higher in the upper canopy than in the lower. Seasonal variations in N:P ratios suggest changes in N or P limitation. These findings indicate that shade tolerance is a key feature shaping inter-specific differences in leaf chlorophyll, N, and P contents as well as their seasonality in temperate deciduous forests, which have significant implications for modeling leaf photosynthesis and ecosystem production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of walkability is of great significance to the construction of healthy cities. In this paper, taking 1283 articles of walkability, which were included in Web of Science, as the research object. This paper adopts to analysis the research progress by using the method of scientometrics and knowledge networks analysis. Objectively and systematically analyze the research progress of walkability abroad from the aspects of publication overview, knowledge foundation, research direction and hot spots, etc. It is found that foreign researches on walkability mainly include three core directions: walkability and physical activity, walkability evaluation, walkability and urban design. Among them, walkability and physical activity orientation have been studied from various perspectives, such as various groups, various environmental types, different behavioral patterns and various chronic diseases. With the increasingly prominent urbanization problems and the rapid development of new technologies, multiple data, new methods and interdisciplinary cooperation will actively promote the vigorous development of walking suitability research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric hydronephrosis poses distinct challenges, particularly in cases involving horseshoe kidneys (HSK). This retrospective study compares treatment outcomes between HSK and non-horseshoe kidneys (NHSK) in pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study included 35 patients with HSK and 790 patients with NHSK undergoing pyeloplasty. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters were evaluated. Propensity score matching (PSM) balanced patient characteristics in the NHSK group. Results: In comparison with NHSK, HSK exhibited a higher crossing vessel incidence (51.6% vs. 5.12%, P < 0.001) and smaller preoperative anteroposterior pelvic diameter (APD). Post 6 and 12 months, NHSK maintained a larger APD, with a higher P/C ratio at 12 months. PSM retained significantly higher crossing vessel incidence in HSK (51.6 vs. 3.61%, P < 0.001). Laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) in HSK showed lower postoperative length of stay (LOS). Postoperative ultrasound parameters favored NHSK. In HSK and NHSK with crossing vessels, HSK demonstrated higher complications even post-PSM (38.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.039). Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of recognizing crossing vessels in HSK-related hydronephrosis. Surgical success, although comparable between HSK and NHSK, requires tailored approaches. This investigation contributes valuable insights to pediatric urology, emphasizing personalized management for optimal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upgrading ethanol to long-chain alcohols (LAS, C6+OH) offers an attractive and sustainable approach to carbon neutrality. Yet it remains a grand challenge to achieve efficient carbon chain propagation, particularly with noble metal-free catalysts in aqueous phase, toward LAS production. Here we report an unconventional but effective strategy for designing highly efficient catalysts for ethanol upgrading to LAS, in which Ni catalytic sites are controllably exposed on surface through sulfur modification. The optimal catalyst exhibits the performance well exceeding previous reports, achieving ultrahigh LAS selectivity (15.2% C6OH and 59.0% C8+OH) at nearly complete ethanol conversion (99.1%). Our in situ characterizations, together with theoretical simulation, reveal that the selectively exposed Ni sites which offer strong adsorption for aldehydes but are inert for side reactions can effectively stabilize and enrich aldehyde intermediates, dramatically improving direct-growth probability toward LAS production. This work opens a new paradigm for designing high-performance non-noble metal catalysts for upgrading aqueous EtOH to LAS. Achieving efficient carbon chain propagation remains a grand challenge for ethanol upgrading. Here, the authors report sulfur doped Ni@C-Sx catalysts with controllably exposed nickel sites that can dramatically improve direct-growth probability towards long-chain alcohols production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the dynamic cascade model of development, the present study explored the effect mechanism of the relationship between perceived childhood harsh parental discipline, deviant peer affiliation, core self-evaluation, and cyberbullying from the perspectives of parents, peers, and self. A total of 9277 college students completed a series of questionnaires about perceived childhood harsh parental discipline, deviant peer affiliation, core self-evaluation, and cyberbullying. The results showed that both perceived childhood parental psychological aggression and corporal punishment positively predicted cyberbullying and that perceived childhood parental corporal punishment showed a greater effect. Deviant peer affiliation mediated the effect of perceived childhood parental psychological aggression and corporal punishment on cyberbullying, and core self-evaluation moderated the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and cyberbullying. Meanwhile, the moderating role of core self-evaluation in the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and cyberbullying is stronger for males than for females. Specifically, these findings guided the prevention and intervention of cyberbullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The electrochemical principles/mechanism of Li–S batteries and origin of the shuttle effect have been discussed. The efficient strategies have been summarized to inhibit the shuttle effect. The recent advances of inhibition of shuttle effect in Li–S batteries for all components from anode to cathode. Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical value. Many methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide, improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S batteries. Here, we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S batteries. First, the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in detail. Moreover, the efficient strategies, including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur, confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides (LPS) within cathode host, confining LPS in the shield layer, and preventing LPS from contacting the anode, will be discussed to suppress the shuttle effect. Then, recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode, electrolyte, separator, and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S batteries. Finally, we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, pea dietary fiber (PDF) was modified by dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) technology with the aim to reveal the modulation of the structural and adsorption properties of PDF under different pressures. In addition, pea dietary fiber–chlorogenic acid complexes (PDF-CA) after DHPM treated were obtained, FT-IR showed that CA was interacting with PDF non-covalently through hydrogen bonding, and further investigated the interaction between PDF and CA, and synergistic action of CA and DHPM on PDF. Due to the molecular interplay of PDF-CA, the results showed that PDF and PDF-CA samples with different particle sizes could be obtained after DHPM treatment, the smallest particle sizes could be reduced by 48.92% and 49.19% compared to untreated samples, respectively. Microscopic evaluation of PDF and complexes also showed significant morphological changes; the crystallinity of both PDF and complexes decreased during the treatment, but the trend of thermal stability showed a different shift. In addition, PDF and PDF-CA made by the DHPM treatment exhibited better water-holding properties (increased by 85.47% and 52.01%) and oil-holding properties (increased by 33.42% and 39.79%); abilities to bind glucose and cholesterol. And the cholesterol adsorption capacity of PA and PDF-CA treated at the conditions of pH = 7, 120 MPa, could be increased from 1.23 to 2.67 mg/g, 2.64 to 7.06 mg/g, respectively. These results illustrated that the structural and adsorption properties of PDF could be effectively modified by DHPM and CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive melanogenesis leads to hyperpigmentation, which is one of the common skin conditions in humans. Existing whitening cosmetics cannot meet market needs due to their inherent limitations. Thus, the development of novel skin-whitening agents continues to be a challenge. The peptide OA-VI12 from the skin of amphibians at high altitude has attracted attention due to its remarkable anti light damage activity. However, whether OA-VI12 has the skin-whitening effect of inhibiting melanogenesis is still. Mouse melanoma cells (B16) were used to study the effect of OA-VI12 on cell viability and melanin content. The pigmentation model of C57B/6 mouse ear skin was induced by UVB and treated with OA-VI12. Melanin staining was used to observe the degree of pigmentation. MicroRNA sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot were used to detect the change of factor expression. Double luciferase gene report experiment was used to prove the regulatory relationship between miRNA and target genes. OA-VI12 has no effect on the viability of B16 cells in the concentration range of 1–100 μM and significantly inhibits the melanin content of B16 cells. Topical application of OA-VI12, which exerted transdermal potency, prevented UVB-induced pigmentation of ear skin. MicroRNA sequencing and double luciferase reporter analysis results showed that miR-122-5p, which directly regulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf), had significantly different expression before and after treatment with OA-VI12. Mitf is a simple helix loop and leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates tyrosinase (Tyr) expression by binding to the M-box promoter element of Tyr. qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot showed that OA-VI12 up-regulated the expression of miR-122-5p and inhibited the expression of Mitf and Tyr. The effects of OA-VI12 on melanogenesis inhibition in vitro and in vivo may involve the miR-122-5p/Mitf/tyr axis. OA-VI12 represents the first report on a natural amphibian-derived peptide with skin-whitening capacity and the first report of miR-122-5p as a target for regulating melanogenesis, thereby demonstrating its potential as a novel skin-whitening agent and highlighting amphibian-derived peptides as an underdeveloped resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variation in metabolite profiles of Haematococcus pluvialis (a type of unicellular green algal) under light stress is a key issue of study at the present. To investigate the effect of light intensity on accumulation of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis, a 26-day batch culture experiment of H. pluvialis under the light intensity levels at 73, 127, 182, 236, and 291 µmol/(m2·s) was conducted. Therefore, the optimal light intensity and the corresponding metabolic pathways of accumulation in H. pluvialis were determined. Results show that 236 µmol/(m2·s) was the optimum light intensity to induce astaxanthin accumulation, at which a maximum content of 9.01 mg/L was achieved on Day 24. A total of 132 metabolites were identified and quantified, of which 38 differential metabolites were highlighted and classified, including 3 fatty acids or intermediates, 5 amino acids or derivatives, 5 carbohydrates or intermediates, 16 nucleoside derivatives, and 9 other metabolites using LC-MS/MS technique. Subsequently, 16 statistically significant differential metabolic pathways were enriched and annotated based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis between the control and the 236 µmol/(m2·s) treatment group (P<0.05). In addition, the bioprocesses included cellular basal metabolism and signaling systems, such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glycerol and derivatives metabolism, nucleotide and derivative metabolism, and inositol phosphate metabolism were activated and regulated under strong light stress conditions. Moreover, 4 hub metabolites containing D-glucose-6-phosphate, L-tyrosine, glycerol-3-phosphate, and L-glutamine were identified, based on which the associated metabolic network was constructed. The study provided a metabolomic view of astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis under strong light stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, computer-assisted intervention and robot-assisted surgery are receiving increasing attention. The need for real-time identification and tracking of surgical tools and tool tips is constantly demanding. A series of researches focusing on surgical tool tracking and identification have been performed. However, the size of dataset, the sensitivity/precision, and the response time of these studies were limited. In this work, we developed and utilized an automated method based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and You Only Look Once (YOLO) v3 algorithm to locate and identify surgical tools and tool tips covering five different surgical scenarios. Materials and methods: An algorithm of object detection was applied to identify and locate the surgical tools and tool tips. DarkNet-19 was used as Backbone Network and YOLOv3 was modified and applied for the detection. We included a series of 181 endoscopy videos covering 5 different surgical scenarios: pancreatic surgery, thyroid surgery, colon surgery, gastric surgery, and external scenes. A total amount of 25,333 images containing 94,463 targets were collected. Training and test sets were divided in a proportion of 2.5:1. The data sets were openly stored at the Kaggle database. Results: Under an Intersection over Union threshold of 0.5, the overall sensitivity and precision rate of the model were 93.02% and 89.61% for tool recognition and 87.05% and 83.57% for tool tip recognition, respectively. The model demonstrated the highest tool and tool tip recognition sensitivity and precision rate under external scenes. Among the four different internal surgical scenes, the network had better performances in pancreatic and colon surgeries and poorer performances in gastric and thyroid surgeries. Conclusion: We developed a surgical tool and tool tip recognition model based on CNN and YOLOv3. Validation of our model demonstrated satisfactory precision, accuracy, and robustness across different surgical scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-perovskite tandem solar cells promise higher power-conversion efficiency (PCE) than single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) while maintaining a low fabrication cost1–3. However, their performance is still largely constrained by the subpar performance of mixed lead–tin (Pb–Sn) narrow-bandgap (NBG) perovskite subcells, mainly because of a high trap density on the perovskite film surface4–6. Although heterojunctions with intermixed 2D/3D perovskites could reduce surface recombination, this common strategy induces transport losses and thereby limits device fill factors (FFs)7–9. Here we develop an immiscible 3D/3D bilayer perovskite heterojunction (PHJ) with type II band structure at the Pb–Sn perovskite–electron-transport layer (ETL) interface to suppress the interfacial non-radiative recombination and facilitate charge extraction. The bilayer PHJ is formed by depositing a layer of lead-halide wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite on top of the mixed Pb–Sn NBG perovskite through a hybrid evaporation–solution-processing method. This heterostructure allows us to increase the PCE of Pb–Sn PSCs having a 1.2-µm-thick absorber to 23.8%, together with a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.873 V and a high FF of 82.6%. We thereby demonstrate a record-high PCE of 28.5% (certified 28.0%) in all-perovskite tandem solar cells. The encapsulated tandem devices retain more than 90% of their initial performance after 600 h of continuous operation under simulated one-sun illumination.All-perovskite tandem solar cells with an immiscible 3D/3D bilayer heterojunction demonstrate a record-high PCE of 28%, as well as the ability to retain more than 90% of their initial performance after 600 h of continuous operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging flame retardant, organic phosphate flame retardants have been extensively used worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of TnBP on neurobehavior of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and its mechanisms. L1 larvae of wild-type nematodes (N2) were exposed to TnBP of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L for 72 hours. Then, we observed that the body length and body width were inhibited, the head swings were increased, the pump contractions and chemical trend index were reduced, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased, and the expression of mitochondrial oxidative stress related genes (mev-1 and gas-1) and P38 MAPK signal pathway-related genes (pmk-1, sek-1, and nsy-1) was altered. After reporter gene strains BZ555, DA1240, and EG1285 were exposed to TnBP of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L for 72 hours, the synthesis of dopamine, glutamate, and Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) was increased. In addition, the pmk-1 mutants (KU25) led to the sensitivity of C. elegans to TnBP in terms of head swings. The results showed that TnBP had harmful effects on the neurobehavior of C. elegans, oxidative stress might be one of the mechanisms of its neurotoxicity, and P38 MAPK signal pathway might play an important regulatory role in this process. The results revealed the potential adverse effects of TnBP on the neurobehavior of C. elegans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative splicing is an important mechanism that enhances protein functional diversity. To date, our understanding of alternative splicing variants has been based on mRNA transcript data, but due to the difficulty in predicting protein structures, protein tertiary structures have been largely unexplored. However, with the release of AlphaFold, which predicts three-dimensional models of proteins, this challenge is rapidly being overcome. Here, we present a dataset of 315 predicted structures of abnormal isoforms in 18 uveal melanoma patients based on second- and third-generation transcriptome-sequencing data. This information comprises a high-quality set of structural data on recurrent aberrant isoforms that can be used in multiple types of studies, from those aimed at revealing potential therapeutic targets to those aimed at recognizing of cancer neoantigens at the atomic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Interpersonal and intrapersonal factors have been linked to adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, little is known about their interrelationship and the underlying mechanisms behind these associations from a protective perspective. The present study aimed to explore the reciprocal relationship between self-compassion, perceived social support, and adolescent NSSI while considering self-compassion and perceived social support as intrapersonal and interpersonal protective resources. Method: A sample of 1214 secondary school students (60.7% boys; average age at the start of the study was 15.46 ± 0.71) participated in the study. We conducted a three-wave longitudinal study and assessed adolescent self-compassion, perceived social support, and NSSI using self-report questionnaires. Results: Self-compassion and perceived social support predicted lower adolescent NSSI, which in turn predicted lower self-compassion and perceived social support. Additionally, the results showed a positive interaction between self-compassion and perceived social support over time. Conclusions: These findings revealed that providing protective resources from both intrapersonal and interpersonal sources, such as fostering self-compassion and increasing perceived social support, may contribute to the prevention and intervention about adolescent NSSI. Results from this sample highlight the positive interconnections between self-compassion and perceived social support that future intervention programs can leverage as a way to reduce the potential long-term adverse effects of adolescent self-injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The joint landscape ecological risk as well as ecological corridors for ecological restoration area identification is of great significance to the past evolution and future development of landscapes. Ecological risks were assessed based on the landscape pattern and functional changes in Pengyang County in 2000, 2010, and 2020; ecological restoration areas were divided based on ecological risks and security pattern. Results showed that the ecological risk types in Pengyang County were mainly low risk from 2000 to 2010 and distributed in the central region, while the high-risk areas increased from 2010 to 2020 and were concentrated in the southern residential area. According to a comprehensive assessment of the landscape ecological risks, an ecological security pattern consisting of 17 ecological source points and 34 potential ecological corridors with an average length of 6.57 km was identified. Three ecological restoration areas were eventually identified: mining restoration areas, mountain restoration area, and urban restoration area. Our results would provide an important perspective for the sustainable development of regional natural landscape resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid industrial development in the human society has brought about the air pollution, which seriously affects human health. PM2.5 concentration is one of the main factors causing the air pollution. To accurately predict PM2.5 microns, we propose a dendritic neuron model (DNM) trained by an improved state-of-matter heuristic algorithm (DSMS) based on STL-LOESS, namely DS-DNM. Firstly, DS-DNM adopts STL-LOESS for the data preprocessing to obtain three characteristic quantities from original data: seasonal, trend, and residual components. Then, DNM trained by DSMS predicts the residual values. Finally, three sets of feature quantities are summed to obtain the predicted values. In the performance test experiments, five real-world PM2.5 concentration data are used to test DS-DNM. On the other hand, four training algorithms and seven prediction models were selected for comparison to verify the rationality of the training algorithms and the accuracy of the prediction models, respectively. The experimental results show that DS-DNM has the more competitive performance in PM2.5 concentration prediction problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Three key processes in carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) for ethylene generation were discussed, including CO2 adsorption/activation, *CO intermediates formation, and C-C coupling. The preferable mechanism for ethylene over C1 and other C2 products reaction pathways. Engineering strategies of Cu-based catalysts for CO2RR-ethylene. Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising way to convert CO2 to chemicals. The multicarbon (C2+) products, especially ethylene, are of great interest due to their versatile industrial applications. However, selectively reducing CO2 to ethylene is still challenging as the additional energy required for the C–C coupling step results in large overpotential and many competing products. Nonetheless, mechanistic understanding of the key steps and preferred reaction pathways/conditions, as well as rational design of novel catalysts for ethylene production have been regarded as promising approaches to achieving the highly efficient and selective CO2RR. In this review, we first illustrate the key steps for CO2RR to ethylene (e.g., CO2 adsorption/activation, formation of *CO intermediate, C–C coupling step), offering mechanistic understanding of CO2RR conversion to ethylene. Then the alternative reaction pathways and conditions for the formation of ethylene and competitive products (C1 and other C2+ products) are investigated, guiding the further design and development of preferred conditions for ethylene generation. Engineering strategies of Cu-based catalysts for CO2RR-ethylene are further summarized, and the correlations of reaction mechanism/pathways, engineering strategies and selectivity are elaborated. Finally, major challenges and perspectives in the research area of CO2RR are proposed for future development and practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have been widely investigated, it is still a great challenge to improve the performance of RTP materials by promoting triplet exciton generation and stabilization. In this study, an in-situ derivation strategy was proposed to construct efficient RTP materials by in-situ deriving guest molecules and forming a rigid matrix during co-pyrolysis of guest molecules and urea. Characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that the generated derivatives were beneficial for promoting intersystem crossing (ISC) to produce more triplet excitons, while rigid matrix could effectively suppress the non-radiative transition of triplet excitons. Thus, the in-situ derivation strategy was concluded to simultaneously promote the generation and stabilization of triplet excitons. With this method, the ultralong lifetime of RTP materials could reach up to 5.33 s and polychromatic RTP materials were easily achieved. Moreover, the potential applications of the RTP materials in reprocessing or editable anti-counterfeiting were successfully demonstrated. Room temperature phosphorescence materials have been widely investigated, but promotion of the triplet exciton is still challenging. Here, the authors report an in-situ derivation strategy to promote the generation and stabilization of triplet excitons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Fe3O4/CoNi-MOF was synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. The catalytic performance of 0.2-Fe3O4/CoNi-MOF toward PMS activation was studied by degradation of 20 mg/L methylene blue (MB). The results indicated that 0.2-Fe3O4/CoNi-MOF had good catalytic ability, the removal rate of MB was 99.4% within 60 min with 125 mg/L PMS and 150 mg/L catalyst. Quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed that the singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radical (•O2−) and sulfate radical (SO4•−) played a crucial role in the catalytic degradation process. Meantime, mechanism of PMS activation by 0.2-Fe3O4/CoNi-MOF was proposed, the electrons donated by Fe2+ can also enhance the Co–Ni cycles. In conclusion, Fe3O4/CoNi-MOF composite catalyst has the advantages of simple preparation, excellent catalytic activity and reusability, which is an effective catalyst for water pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningiomas have the highest incidence rate of all primary intracranial and central nervous system tumors. Accurate preoperative grading of meningiomas is extraordinarily meaningful for treatment strategy and patient prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most common method for meningioma grading. Existing methods are typically two-stage models and require image-level classifications or region of interest (ROI) annotations for assistant diagnosis, thereby adding massive manual annotations and time costs. Meanwhile, most of these methods use only a single MRI slice, which may lose the overall meningioma information and are inconsistent with the actual clinical diagnosis process. To address the above problems, a multi-instance learning (MIL) method based on spatial continuous category representation is proposed for case-level meningioma grading. It considers the MRI case and corresponding slices as a bag and instances, respectively, and requires only a case-level label to diagnose a patient. To make the most of the serialization characteristics of MRI images, this method selects continuous instance-feature sequences under each category that are most suspected to contain tumors and further integrates these sequences into bag-level features for classification. In addition, an end-to-end meningioma grading architecture is designed to support the proposed MIL method, which directly takes the original MRI images of the patient as input and outputs the meningioma grade prediction. To train and evaluate the proposed method, datasets with different slice thicknesses are constructed. The experimental results demonstrate that our method performs satisfactorily compared with other related methods for meningioma grading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression significance, predictive value, immunologic function, and biological role of transmembrane protein 158 (TMEM158) in the development of pan-cancer. To achieve this, we utilized data from multiple databases, including TCGA, GTEx, GEPIA, and TIMER, to collect gene transcriptome, patient prognosis, and tumor immune data. We evaluated the association of TMEM158 with patient prognosis, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) in pan-cancer samples. We performed immune checkpoint gene co-expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to better understand the immunologic function of TMEM158. Our findings revealed that TMEM158 was significantly differentially expressed between most types of cancer tissues and their adjacent normal tissues and was associated with prognosis. Moreover, TMEM158 was significantly correlated with TMB, MSI, and tumor immune cell infiltration in multiple cancers. Co-expression analysis of immune checkpoint genes showed that TMEM158 was related to the expression of several common immune checkpoint genes, especially CTLA4 and LAG3. Gene enrichment analysis further revealed that TMEM158 was involved in multiple immune-related biological pathways in pan-cancer. Overall, this systematic pan-cancer analysis suggests that TMEM158 is generally highly expressed in various cancer tissues and is closely related to patient prognosis and survival across multiple cancer types. TMEM158 may serve as a significant predictor of cancer prognosis and modulate immune responses to various types of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have more myocardial malperfusion on CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI), as well as to further assess if NAFLD is a predictor of myocardial ischemia independently. Methods: A total of 310 consecutive patients were included for analysis. All patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of NAFLD, which was diagnosed by noncontrast cardiac CT partially covered liver and spleen. Clinical characteristics as well as imaging features including coronary artery calcium score, CCTA, and CT-MPI findings were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to find out the relationship between NAFLD and myocardial ischemia. Results: NAFLD (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2 to 4.4, p = 0.008), male (HR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5 to 4.5, p = 0.001), obstructive CAD (HR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.2, p = 0.004), and FAI ≥ −70.1 HU (HR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.8 to 5.5, p < 0.001) were associated with myocardial ischemia in univariable analysis. After adjusting for traditional CAD risk factors and CT characteristics in the multivariable regression analysis, NAFLD (HR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2 to 4.4, p = 0.016) was an independent predictor of myocardial ischemia. Conclusion: Our data suggest that myocardial ischemia was more prevalent in patients with NAFLD, and NAFLD is a predictor of myocardial ischemia independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and CCTA characteristics. Key Points: • NAFLD patients had higher calcium score, incidence of obstructive coronary artery disease, grade of CAD-RADS, quantitative plaque characteristics, and incidence of fat attenuation index ≥ −70.1 HU. • NAFLD patients had a higher incidence of myocardial ischemia, myocardial hypoperfusion, and hypoperfusion myocardial segments ratio. • NAFLD was a predictor of myocardial ischemia, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and CCTA characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to examine the longitudinal relationship between the beliefs about adversity and left-behind children's learning engagement and reveal the underlying mechanism. In total, we collected 601 left-behind children data in China over three waves spaced six-month apart. The results showed that left-behind children with higher beliefs about adversity tended to have more learning engagement one year later directly and via enhancing their sense of hope. Unexpectedly, our study found that peer attachment tended to alleviate the promoting effect of beliefs about adversity on learning engagement among left-behind children. These findings extended the existing research on learning of left-behind children and provide the implications for improving the children's academic performance and the intervention of underachievement students among left-behind children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2018, Twitter has steadily released into the public domain content discovered on the platform and believed to be associated with information operations originating from more than a dozen state-backed organizations. Leveraging this dataset, we explore inter-state coordination amongst state-backed information operations and find evidence of intentional, strategic interaction amongst thirteen different states, separate and distinct from within-state operations. We find that coordinated, inter-state information operations attract greater engagement than baseline information operations and appear to come online in service to specific aims. We explore these ideas in depth through two case studies on the coordination between Cuba and Venezuela, and between Russia and Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermodynamically favorable electrocatalytic oxidation coupled with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is considered as a sustainable and promising technique. Nonetheless, it remains a great challenge due to the lack of simple, cheap, and high-efficient electrocatalysts. Here, we successfully develop a simple and scalable electro-deposition and subsequent phosphorization route to fabricate Ni-doped Co2P (Ni-Co2P) nanosheets catalyst using the in-situ released Ni species from defective Ni foam as metal source. Impressively, the as-synthesized Ni-Co2P catalyst exhibits excellent electrochemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HOR) performance with > 99% 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid yield and > 97% Faradaic efficiency at an ultralow potential of 1.29 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Experimental characterization and theoretical calculation reveal that the atomically doped Ni species can enhance the adsorption of reactant and thus lower the reaction energy barriers. By coupling the electrocatalytic HOR with HER, the employed two-electrode system using Ni-Co2P and commercial Ni foam as anode and cathode, respectively, exhibits a low cell voltage of 1.53 V to drive a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, which is 90 mV lower than that of pure water splitting. This work provides a facile and efficient approach for the preparation of high-performance earth-abundant electrocatalysts toward the concurrent production of H2 and value-added chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charge transfer in perovskite oxide heterostructures could break the delicate balance among charge, spin, orbital and lattice order at the interface, producing exotic phenomena that cannot be observed in bulk materials. Here, opposite interfacial charge transfer directions are observed in SrIrO3/NdNiO3 and SrIrO3/LaNiO3 3d/5d perovskite heterostructures. This is accompanied with an inverse change of Ni eg orbital polarization and Ni-O pd hybridization across the interface, by stretching/compressing the out-of-plane Ni-O bond in the opposite internal electrical field due to the opposite electron transfer direction. These interfacial reconstructions finally bring about a manipulation on the transport and magnetic characteristics. This work reveals that A site cation in perovskite heterostructures could be a knob to control the interfacial charge transfer direction, and the 3d/5d perovskite interfaces are excellent platform to study the complex interplay between various order parameters and stimulate novel interfacial effects. Charge transfer in perovskite oxide heterostructures could break the delicate balance among charge, spin, orbital and lattice order at the interface, producing exotic phenomena that cannot be observed in bulk materials. Here, the authors observe an opposite charge transfer direction in two 3d/5d perovskite oxide heterostructures SrIrO3/LaNiO3 and SrIrO3/NdNiO3, investigate the triggered interfacial orbital and lattice reconstructions, and discuss their manipulation on transport and magnetic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone mass increases rapidly in adolescence, and achieving higher bone mineral density (BMD) during this period can help prevent osteoporosis. However, the effects of metallic mercury on bone health remain controversial. Previous studies have discussed perimenopausal women and older adults, while the association of blood mercury with BMD in adolescents is yet to be studied. Date was collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. Weighted multiple linear regression models were used to explore the association of blood mercury levels with BMD in adolescents, while smooth curve fittings and weighted generalized additive models were used to identify the potential nonlinear association. We found that blood mercury levels were negatively associated with BMD in adolescents, though not significantly, based on the results of statistical analyses of 2818 participants. Additionally, the trend in BMD with changes in blood mercury was different in male and female adolescents. We also found an inverted U-shaped association between blood mercury and BMD in male and Mexican–American adolescents. This suggests that increased blood mercury levels within a range may benefit bone health in male adolescents (inflection point: 5.44 nmol/L) and Mexican–American adolescents (inflection point: 5.49 nmol/L), while higher blood mercury levels may harm bone health. More prospective research is needed to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]