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1. Effect of sintering additives on the properties of alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ).

Author

Abbas, M. K. G., Ramesh, S., Tasfy, S. F. H., Lee, K. Y. Sara, Gul, M., and Aljaoni, Besan

Subjects
MICROWAVE sintering, SINTERING, VICKERS hardness, ZIRCONIUM oxide, SPECIFIC gravity, FRACTURE toughness
Abstract

The effect of small amounts of copper oxide, manganese oxide, and stainless steel as sintering additives on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of Alumina Toughened Zirconia (ATZ, 3Y-TZP with 20 wt% Al2O3) ceramic composites were evaluated and contrasted with that of undoped ATZ by using microwave sintering (MW) method. Green bodies were sintered at 1250°C, 1350°C, and 1500°C using a holding time of 5 min., with a heating rate of 30°C /min. In general, all ATZ samples exhibited a similar trend, as the results showed that the relative density and mechanical properties increased with increasing sintering temperature regardless of the addition of dopants. It was found that the addition of 0.2 wt% CuO, 0.5 wt% MnO2, and 0.2 wt% SS were beneficial in enhancing the densification and improving the mechanical properties of ATZ without inducing grain coarsening. The ATZ composite samples' relative density, tetragonal phase stability, microstructural evolution, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness were revealed. The addition of 0.2 wt% CuO was the most beneficial in improving the properties of ATZ at a low sintering temperature of 1250°C since the sample obtained the highest relative density of 97%, Vickers hardness of 13.2GPa and fracture toughness of 6.5 MPa m1/2. In contrast, the undoped ATZ required a high sintering temperature to achieve comparable results to the doped samples. The ANOVA analysis revealed that the CuO-doped ATZ sample exhibited the highest significance and was the most suitable in improving both hardness (H) and fracture toughness (KIc) across all temperature conditions. This study also proved that the microwave sintering technique promotes the densification and mechanical properties of ceramic composites compared to the conventional sintering technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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2. The SHiP experiment at the proposed CERN SPS Beam Dump Facility

Author

Ahdida, C., Akmete, A., Albanese, R., Alt, J., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Arduini, G., Atkin, E., Azorskiy, N., Back, J. J., Bagulya, A., Baaltasar Dos Santos, F., Baranov, A., Bardou, F., Barker, G. J., Battistin, M., Bauche, J., Bay, A., Bayliss, V., Berdnikov, A. Y., Berdnikov, Y. A., Betancourt, C., Bezshyiko, I., Bezshyyko, O., Bick, D., Bieschke, S., Blanco, A., Boehm, J., Bogomilov, M., Boiarska, I., Bondarenko, K., Bonivento, W. M., Borburgh, J., Boyarsky, A., Brenner, Richard, Breton, D., Brignoli, A., Buescher, V., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Cadeddu, S., Calviani, M., Campanelli, M., Casolino, M., Charitonidis, N., Chau, P., Chauveau, J., Chepurnov, A., Chernyavskiy, M., Choi, K. -Y, Chumakov, A., Climescu, M., Conaboy, A., Congedo, L., Cornelis, K., Cristinziani, M., Crupano, A., Dallavalle, G. M., Datwyler, A., D'Ambrosio, N., D'Appollonio, G., de Asmundis, R., De Carvalho Saraiva, J., De Lellis, G., de Magistris, M., De Roeck, A., De Serio, M., De Simone, D., Dedenko, L., Dergachev, P., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Giulio, L., Dib, C., Dijkstra, H., Dmitrenko, V., Dougherty, L. A., Dolmatov, A., Donskov, S., Drohan, V., Dubreuil, A., Durhan, O., Ehlert, M., Elikkaya, E., Enik, T., Etenko, A., Fedin, O., Fedotovs, F., Ferrillo, M., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Filippov, K., Fini, R. A., Fischer, H., Fonte, P., Franco, C., Fraser, M., Fresa, R., Froeschl, R., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Gall, J., Gatignon, L., Gavrilov, G., Gentile, V., Goddard, B., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golovatiuk, A., Golovtsov, V., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gorbounov, P., Gorbunov, D., Gorbunov, S., Gorkavenko, V., Gorshenkov, M., Grachev, V., Grandchamp, A. L., Graverini, E., Grenard, J. -L, Grenier, D., Grichine, V., Gruzinskii, N., Guler, A. M., Guz, Yu., Haefeli, G. J., Hagner, C., Hakobyan, H., Harris, I. W., van Herwijnen, E., Hessler, C., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Hushchyn, M., Iaselli, G., Iuliano, A., Jacobsson, R., Jokovic, D., Jonker, M., Kadenko, I., Kain, V., Kaiser, B., Kamiscioglu, C., Karpenkov, D., Kershaw, K., Khabibullin, M., Khalikov, E., Khaustov, G., Khoriauli, G., Khotyantsev, A., Kim, Y. G., Kim, V., Kitagawa, N., Ko, J. -W, Kodama, K., Kolesnikov, A., Kolev, D. I., Kolosov, V., Komatsu, M., Kono, A., Konovalova, N., Kormannshaus, S., Korol, I., Korol'ko, I., Korzenev, A., Koukovini Platia, E., Kovalenko, S., Krasilnikova, I., Kudenko, Y., Kurbatov, E., Kurbatov, P., Kurochka, V., Kuznetsova, E., Lacker, H. M., Lamont, M., Lantwin, O., Lauria, A., Lee, K. S., Lee, K. Y., Leonardo, N., Levy, J. -M, Loschiavo, V. P., Lopes, L., Lopez Sola, E., Lyons, F., Lyubovitskij, V., Maalmi, J., Magnan, A. -M, Maleev, V., Malinin, A., Manabe, Y., Managadze, A. K., Manfredi, M., Marsh, S., Marshall, A. M., Mefodev, A., Mermod, P., Miano, A., Mikado, S., Mikhaylov, Yu., Mikulenko, A., Milstead, D. A., Mineev, O., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Movchan, S., Muttoni, Y., Naganawa, N., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nasybulin, S., Ninin, P., Nishio, A., Obinyakov, B., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Osborne, J., Ovchynnikov, M., Owtscharenko, N., Owen, P. H., Pacholek, P., Park, B. D., Pastore, A., Patel, M., Pereyma, D., Perillo-Marcone, A., Petkov, G. L., Petridis, K., Petrov, A., Podgrudkov, D., Poliakov, V., Polukhina, N., Prieto Prieto, J., Prokudin, M., Prota, A., Quercia, A., Rademakers, A., Rakai, A., Ratnikov, F., Rawlings, T., Redi, F., Reghunath, A., Ricciardi, S., Rinaldesi, M., Rodin, Volodymyr, Rodin, Viktor, Robbe, P., Rodrigues Cavalcante, A. B., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ruchayskiy, O., Ruf, T., Samoylenko, V., Samsonov, V., Sanchez Galan, F., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz Ull, A., Sato, O., Savchenko, E. S., Schliwinski, J. S., Schmidt-Parzefall, W., Schumann, M., Serra, N., Sgobba, S., Shadura, O., Shakin, A., Shaposhnikov, M., Shatalov, P., Shchedrina, T., Shchutska, L., Shevchenko, V., Shibuya, H., Shihora, L., Shirobokov, S., Shustov, A., Silverstein, S. B., Simone, S., Simoniello, R., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, S., Soares, G., Sohn, J. Y., Sokolenko, A., Solodko, E., Starkov, N., Stoel, L., Stramaglia, M. E., Sukhonos, D., Suzuki, Y., Takahashi, S., Tastet, J. L., Teterin, P., Than Naing, S., Timiryasov, I., Tioukov, V., Tommasini, D., Torii, M., Treille, D., Tsenov, R., Ulin, S., Ursov, E., Ustyuzhanin, A., Uteshev, Z., Uvarov, L., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Vannucci, F., Venkova, P., Venturi, V., Vidulin, I., Vilchinski, S., Vincke, Heinz, Vincke, Helmut, Visone, C., Vlasik, K., Volkov, A., Voronkov, R., van Waasen, S., Wanke, R., Wertelaers, P., Williams, O., Woo, J. -K, Wurm, M., Xella, S., Yilmaz, D., Yilmazer, A. U., Yoon, C. S., Zaytsev, Yu., Zelenov, A., Zimmerman, J., Ahdida, C., Akmete, A., Albanese, R., Alt, J., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Arduini, G., Atkin, E., Azorskiy, N., Back, J. J., Bagulya, A., Baaltasar Dos Santos, F., Baranov, A., Bardou, F., Barker, G. J., Battistin, M., Bauche, J., Bay, A., Bayliss, V., Berdnikov, A. Y., Berdnikov, Y. A., Betancourt, C., Bezshyiko, I., Bezshyyko, O., Bick, D., Bieschke, S., Blanco, A., Boehm, J., Bogomilov, M., Boiarska, I., Bondarenko, K., Bonivento, W. M., Borburgh, J., Boyarsky, A., Brenner, Richard, Breton, D., Brignoli, A., Buescher, V., Buonaura, A., Buontempo, S., Cadeddu, S., Calviani, M., Campanelli, M., Casolino, M., Charitonidis, N., Chau, P., Chauveau, J., Chepurnov, A., Chernyavskiy, M., Choi, K. -Y, Chumakov, A., Climescu, M., Conaboy, A., Congedo, L., Cornelis, K., Cristinziani, M., Crupano, A., Dallavalle, G. M., Datwyler, A., D'Ambrosio, N., D'Appollonio, G., de Asmundis, R., De Carvalho Saraiva, J., De Lellis, G., de Magistris, M., De Roeck, A., De Serio, M., De Simone, D., Dedenko, L., Dergachev, P., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Giulio, L., Dib, C., Dijkstra, H., Dmitrenko, V., Dougherty, L. A., Dolmatov, A., Donskov, S., Drohan, V., Dubreuil, A., Durhan, O., Ehlert, M., Elikkaya, E., Enik, T., Etenko, A., Fedin, O., Fedotovs, F., Ferrillo, M., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Filippov, K., Fini, R. A., Fischer, H., Fonte, P., Franco, C., Fraser, M., Fresa, R., Froeschl, R., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Gall, J., Gatignon, L., Gavrilov, G., Gentile, V., Goddard, B., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golovatiuk, A., Golovtsov, V., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gorbounov, P., Gorbunov, D., Gorbunov, S., Gorkavenko, V., Gorshenkov, M., Grachev, V., Grandchamp, A. L., Graverini, E., Grenard, J. -L, Grenier, D., Grichine, V., Gruzinskii, N., Guler, A. M., Guz, Yu., Haefeli, G. J., Hagner, C., Hakobyan, H., Harris, I. W., van Herwijnen, E., Hessler, C., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Hushchyn, M., Iaselli, G., Iuliano, A., Jacobsson, R., Jokovic, D., Jonker, M., Kadenko, I., Kain, V., Kaiser, B., Kamiscioglu, C., Karpenkov, D., Kershaw, K., Khabibullin, M., Khalikov, E., Khaustov, G., Khoriauli, G., Khotyantsev, A., Kim, Y. G., Kim, V., Kitagawa, N., Ko, J. -W, Kodama, K., Kolesnikov, A., Kolev, D. I., Kolosov, V., Komatsu, M., Kono, A., Konovalova, N., Kormannshaus, S., Korol, I., Korol'ko, I., Korzenev, A., Koukovini Platia, E., Kovalenko, S., Krasilnikova, I., Kudenko, Y., Kurbatov, E., Kurbatov, P., Kurochka, V., Kuznetsova, E., Lacker, H. M., Lamont, M., Lantwin, O., Lauria, A., Lee, K. S., Lee, K. Y., Leonardo, N., Levy, J. -M, Loschiavo, V. P., Lopes, L., Lopez Sola, E., Lyons, F., Lyubovitskij, V., Maalmi, J., Magnan, A. -M, Maleev, V., Malinin, A., Manabe, Y., Managadze, A. K., Manfredi, M., Marsh, S., Marshall, A. M., Mefodev, A., Mermod, P., Miano, A., Mikado, S., Mikhaylov, Yu., Mikulenko, A., Milstead, D. A., Mineev, O., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Movchan, S., Muttoni, Y., Naganawa, N., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nasybulin, S., Ninin, P., Nishio, A., Obinyakov, B., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Osborne, J., Ovchynnikov, M., Owtscharenko, N., Owen, P. H., Pacholek, P., Park, B. D., Pastore, A., Patel, M., Pereyma, D., Perillo-Marcone, A., Petkov, G. L., Petridis, K., Petrov, A., Podgrudkov, D., Poliakov, V., Polukhina, N., Prieto Prieto, J., Prokudin, M., Prota, A., Quercia, A., Rademakers, A., Rakai, A., Ratnikov, F., Rawlings, T., Redi, F., Reghunath, A., Ricciardi, S., Rinaldesi, M., Rodin, Volodymyr, Rodin, Viktor, Robbe, P., Rodrigues Cavalcante, A. B., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Ruchayskiy, O., Ruf, T., Samoylenko, V., Samsonov, V., Sanchez Galan, F., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz Ull, A., Sato, O., Savchenko, E. S., Schliwinski, J. S., Schmidt-Parzefall, W., Schumann, M., Serra, N., Sgobba, S., Shadura, O., Shakin, A., Shaposhnikov, M., Shatalov, P., Shchedrina, T., Shchutska, L., Shevchenko, V., Shibuya, H., Shihora, L., Shirobokov, S., Shustov, A., Silverstein, S. B., Simone, S., Simoniello, R., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, S., Soares, G., Sohn, J. Y., Sokolenko, A., Solodko, E., Starkov, N., Stoel, L., Stramaglia, M. E., Sukhonos, D., Suzuki, Y., Takahashi, S., Tastet, J. L., Teterin, P., Than Naing, S., Timiryasov, I., Tioukov, V., Tommasini, D., Torii, M., Treille, D., Tsenov, R., Ulin, S., Ursov, E., Ustyuzhanin, A., Uteshev, Z., Uvarov, L., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Vannucci, F., Venkova, P., Venturi, V., Vidulin, I., Vilchinski, S., Vincke, Heinz, Vincke, Helmut, Visone, C., Vlasik, K., Volkov, A., Voronkov, R., van Waasen, S., Wanke, R., Wertelaers, P., Williams, O., Woo, J. -K, Wurm, M., Xella, S., Yilmaz, D., Yilmazer, A. U., Yoon, C. S., Zaytsev, Yu., Zelenov, A., and Zimmerman, J.

Abstract

The Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) Collaboration has proposed a general-purpose experimental facility operating in beam-dump mode at the CERN SPS accelerator to search for light, feebly interacting particles. In the baseline configuration, the SHiP experiment incorporates two complementary detectors. The upstream detector is designed for recoil signatures of light dark matter (LDM) scattering and for neutrino physics, in particular with tau neutrinos. It consists of a spectrometer magnet housing a layered detector system with high-density LDM/neutrino target plates, emulsion-film technology and electronic high-precision tracking. The total detector target mass amounts to about eight tonnes. The downstream detector system aims at measuring visible decays of feebly interacting particles to both fully reconstructed final states and to partially reconstructed final states with neutrinos, in a nearly background-free environment. The detector consists of a 50m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathrm { \,m}$$\end{document} long decay volume under vacuum followed by a spectrometer and particle identification system with a rectangular acceptance of 5 m in width and 10 m in height. Using the high-intensity beam of 400GeV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\,\mathrm {GeV}$$\end{document} protons, the experiment aims at profiting from the 4x1019\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$4\times 10<^>{

Published
2022
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3. Current international research into cellulose as a functional nanomaterial for advanced applications

Author

Eichhorn, S. J., Etale, A., Wang, J., Berglund, Lars, Li, Yuanyuan, Cai, Y., Chen, C., Cranston, E. D., Johns, M. A., Fang, Z., Li, G., Hu, L., Khandelwal, M., Lee, K. -Y, Oksman, K., Pinitsoontorn, S., Quero, F., Sebastian, A., Titirici, M. M., Xu, Z., Vignolini, S., Frka-Petesic, B., Eichhorn, S. J., Etale, A., Wang, J., Berglund, Lars, Li, Yuanyuan, Cai, Y., Chen, C., Cranston, E. D., Johns, M. A., Fang, Z., Li, G., Hu, L., Khandelwal, M., Lee, K. -Y, Oksman, K., Pinitsoontorn, S., Quero, F., Sebastian, A., Titirici, M. M., Xu, Z., Vignolini, S., and Frka-Petesic, B.

Abstract

This review paper provides a recent overview of current international research that is being conducted into the functional properties of cellulose as a nanomaterial. A particular emphasis is placed on fundamental and applied research that is being undertaken to generate applications, which are now becoming a real prospect given the developments in the field over the last 20 years. A short introduction covers the context of the work, and definitions of the different forms of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) that are most widely studied. We also address the terminology used for CNMs, suggesting a standard way to classify these materials. The reviews are separated out into theme areas, namely healthcare, water purification, biocomposites, and energy. Each section contains a short review of the field within the theme and summarizes recent work being undertaken by the groups represented. Topics that are covered include cellulose nanocrystals for directed growth of tissues, bacterial cellulose in healthcare, nanocellulose for drug delivery, nanocellulose for water purification, nanocellulose for thermoplastic composites, nanocellulose for structurally colored materials, transparent wood biocomposites, supercapacitors and batteries., QC 20221123

Published
2022
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4. Sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to light dark matter

Author

Ahdida, C., Akmete, A., Albanese, R., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Arduini, G., Atkin, E., Azorskiy, N., Back, J. J., Bagulya, A., Baaltasar Dos Santos, F., Baranov, A., Bardou, F., Barker, G. J., Battistin, M., Bauche, J., Bay, A., Bayliss, V., Bencivenni, G., Berdnikov, A. Y., Berdnikov, Y. A., Bertani, M., Betancourt, C., Bezshyiko, I., Bezshyyko, O., Bick, D., Bieschke, S., Blanco, A., Boehm, J., Bogomilov, M., Boiarska, I., Bondarenko, K., Bonivento, W. M., Borburgh, J., Boyarsky, A., Brenner, Richard, Breton, D., Buscher, V., Buonaura, A., Buonocore, L., Buontempo, S., Cadeddu, S., Calcaterra, A., Calviani, M., Campanelli, M., Casolino, M., Charitonidis, N., Chau, P., Chauveau, J., Chepurnov, A., Chernyavskiy, M., Choi, K. -Y, Chumakov, A., Ciambrone, P., Cicero, V., Congedo, L., Cornelis, K., Cristinziani, M., Crupano, A., Dallavalle, G. M., Datwyler, A., D'Ambrosio, N., D'Appollonio, G., de Asmundis, R., De Carvalho Saraiva, J., De Lellis, G., de Magistris, M., De Roeck, A., De Serio, M., De Simone, D., Dedenko, L., Dergachev, P., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Giulio, L., Di Marco, N., Dib, C., Dijkstra, H., Dmitrenko, V., Dougherty, L. A., Dolmatov, A., Domenici, D., Donskov, S., Drohan, V., Dubreuil, A., Durhan, O., Ehlert, M., Elikkaya, E., Enik, T., Etenko, A., Fabbri, F., Fedin, O., Fedotovs, F., Felici, G., Ferrillo, M., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Filippov, K., Fini, R. A., Fonte, P., Franco, C., Fraser, M., Fresa, R., Froeschl, R., Frugiuele, C., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Gall, J., Gatignon, L., Gavrilov, G., Gentile, V., Goddard, B., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golovatiuk, A., Golovtsov, V., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gorbounov, P., Gorbunov, D., Gorbunov, S., Gorkavenko, V., Gorshenkov, M., Grachev, V., Grandchamp, A. L., Graverini, E., Grenard, J. -L, Grenier, D., Grichine, V., Gruzinskii, N., Guler, A. M., Guz, Yu., Haefeli, G. J., Hagner, C., Hakobyan, H., Harris, I. W., van Herwijnen, E., Hessler, C., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Hushchyn, M., Iaselli, G., Iuliano, A., Jacobsson, R., Jokovic, D., Jonker, M., Kadenko, I., Kain, V., Kaiser, B., Kamiscioglu, C., Karpenkov, D., Kershaw, K., Khabibullin, M., Khalikov, E., Khaustov, G., Khoriauli, G., Khotyantsev, A., Kim, Y. G., Kim, V., Kitagawa, N., Ko, J. -W, Kodama, K., Kolesnikov, A., Kolev, D. I., Kolosov, V., Komatsu, M., Kono, A., Konovalova, N., Kormannshaus, S., Korol, I., Korol'ko, I., Korzenev, A., Kostyukhin, V., Koukovini Platia, E., Kovalenko, S., Krasilnikova, I., Kudenko, Y., Kurbatov, E., Kurbatov, P., Kurochka, V., Kuznetsova, E., Lacker, H. M., Lamont, M., Lanfranchi, G., Lantwin, O., Lauria, A., Lee, K. S., Lee, K. Y., Levy, J. -M, Loschiavo, V. P., Lopes, L., Lopez Sola, E., Lyubovitskij, V., Maalmi, J., Magnan, A., Maleev, V., Malinin, A., Maltoni, F., Manabe, Y., Managadze, A. K., Manfredi, M., Marsh, S., Marshall, A. M., Mattelaer, O., Mefodev, A., Mermod, P., Miano, A., Mikado, S., Mikhaylov, Yu., Milstead, D. A., Mineev, O., Montanari, A., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Movchan, S., Muttoni, Y., Naganawa, N., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nasybulin, S., Ninin, P., Nishio, A., Novikov, A., Obinyakov, B., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Opitz, B., Osborne, J., Ovchynnikov, M., Owtscharenko, N., Owen, P. H., Pacholek, P., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Pastore, A., Patel, M., Pereyma, D., Perillo-Marcone, A., Petkov, G. L., Petridis, K., Petrov, A., Podgrudkov, D., Poliakov, V., Polukhina, N., Prieto Prieto, J., Prokudin, M., Prota, A., Quercia, A., Rademakers, A., Rakai, A., Ratnikov, F., Rawlings, T., Redi, F., Ricciardi, S., Rinaldesi, M., Rodin, Volodymyr, Rodin, Viktor, Robbe, P., Rodrigues Cavalcante, A. B., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Rovelli, T., Ruchayskiy, O., Ruf, T., Samoylenko, V., Samsonov, V., Sanchez Galan, F., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz Ull, A., Saputi, A., Sato, O., Savchenko, E. S., Schliwinski, J. S., Schmidt-Parzefall, W., Serra, N., Sgobba, S., Shadura, O., Shakin, A., Shaposhnikov, M., Shatalov, P., Shchedrina, T., Shchutska, L., Shevchenko, V., Shibuya, H., Shirobokov, S., Shustov, A., Silverstein, S. B., Simone, S., Simoniello, R., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, S., Sohn, J. Y., Sokolenko, A., Solodko, E., Starkov, N., Stoel, L., Stramaglia, M. E., Sukhonos, D., Suzuki, Y., Takahashi, S., Tastet, J. L., Teterin, P., Than Naing, S., Timiryasov, I., Tioukov, V., Tommasini, D., Torii, M., Tosi, N., Tramontano, F., Treille, D., Tsenov, R., Ulin, S., Ursov, E., Ustyuzhanin, A., Uteshev, Z., Uvarov, L., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Vannucci, F., Venturi, V., Vilchinski, S., Vincke, Heinz, Vincke, Helmut, Visone, C., Vlasik, K., Volkov, A., Voronkov, R., van Waasen, S., Wanke, R., Wertelaers, P., Williams, O., Woo, J. -K, Wurm, M., Xella, S., Yilmaz, D., Yilmazer, A. U., Yoon, C. S., Zaytsev, Yu., Zelenov, A., Zimmerman, J., Ahdida, C., Akmete, A., Albanese, R., Alexandrov, A., Anokhina, A., Aoki, S., Arduini, G., Atkin, E., Azorskiy, N., Back, J. J., Bagulya, A., Baaltasar Dos Santos, F., Baranov, A., Bardou, F., Barker, G. J., Battistin, M., Bauche, J., Bay, A., Bayliss, V., Bencivenni, G., Berdnikov, A. Y., Berdnikov, Y. A., Bertani, M., Betancourt, C., Bezshyiko, I., Bezshyyko, O., Bick, D., Bieschke, S., Blanco, A., Boehm, J., Bogomilov, M., Boiarska, I., Bondarenko, K., Bonivento, W. M., Borburgh, J., Boyarsky, A., Brenner, Richard, Breton, D., Buscher, V., Buonaura, A., Buonocore, L., Buontempo, S., Cadeddu, S., Calcaterra, A., Calviani, M., Campanelli, M., Casolino, M., Charitonidis, N., Chau, P., Chauveau, J., Chepurnov, A., Chernyavskiy, M., Choi, K. -Y, Chumakov, A., Ciambrone, P., Cicero, V., Congedo, L., Cornelis, K., Cristinziani, M., Crupano, A., Dallavalle, G. M., Datwyler, A., D'Ambrosio, N., D'Appollonio, G., de Asmundis, R., De Carvalho Saraiva, J., De Lellis, G., de Magistris, M., De Roeck, A., De Serio, M., De Simone, D., Dedenko, L., Dergachev, P., Di Crescenzo, A., Di Giulio, L., Di Marco, N., Dib, C., Dijkstra, H., Dmitrenko, V., Dougherty, L. A., Dolmatov, A., Domenici, D., Donskov, S., Drohan, V., Dubreuil, A., Durhan, O., Ehlert, M., Elikkaya, E., Enik, T., Etenko, A., Fabbri, F., Fedin, O., Fedotovs, F., Felici, G., Ferrillo, M., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Filippov, K., Fini, R. A., Fonte, P., Franco, C., Fraser, M., Fresa, R., Froeschl, R., Frugiuele, C., Fukuda, T., Galati, G., Gall, J., Gatignon, L., Gavrilov, G., Gentile, V., Goddard, B., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golovatiuk, A., Golovtsov, V., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gorbounov, P., Gorbunov, D., Gorbunov, S., Gorkavenko, V., Gorshenkov, M., Grachev, V., Grandchamp, A. L., Graverini, E., Grenard, J. -L, Grenier, D., Grichine, V., Gruzinskii, N., Guler, A. M., Guz, Yu., Haefeli, G. J., Hagner, C., Hakobyan, H., Harris, I. W., van Herwijnen, E., Hessler, C., Hollnagel, A., Hosseini, B., Hushchyn, M., Iaselli, G., Iuliano, A., Jacobsson, R., Jokovic, D., Jonker, M., Kadenko, I., Kain, V., Kaiser, B., Kamiscioglu, C., Karpenkov, D., Kershaw, K., Khabibullin, M., Khalikov, E., Khaustov, G., Khoriauli, G., Khotyantsev, A., Kim, Y. G., Kim, V., Kitagawa, N., Ko, J. -W, Kodama, K., Kolesnikov, A., Kolev, D. I., Kolosov, V., Komatsu, M., Kono, A., Konovalova, N., Kormannshaus, S., Korol, I., Korol'ko, I., Korzenev, A., Kostyukhin, V., Koukovini Platia, E., Kovalenko, S., Krasilnikova, I., Kudenko, Y., Kurbatov, E., Kurbatov, P., Kurochka, V., Kuznetsova, E., Lacker, H. M., Lamont, M., Lanfranchi, G., Lantwin, O., Lauria, A., Lee, K. S., Lee, K. Y., Levy, J. -M, Loschiavo, V. P., Lopes, L., Lopez Sola, E., Lyubovitskij, V., Maalmi, J., Magnan, A., Maleev, V., Malinin, A., Maltoni, F., Manabe, Y., Managadze, A. K., Manfredi, M., Marsh, S., Marshall, A. M., Mattelaer, O., Mefodev, A., Mermod, P., Miano, A., Mikado, S., Mikhaylov, Yu., Milstead, D. A., Mineev, O., Montanari, A., Montesi, M. C., Morishima, K., Movchan, S., Muttoni, Y., Naganawa, N., Nakamura, M., Nakano, T., Nasybulin, S., Ninin, P., Nishio, A., Novikov, A., Obinyakov, B., Ogawa, S., Okateva, N., Opitz, B., Osborne, J., Ovchynnikov, M., Owtscharenko, N., Owen, P. H., Pacholek, P., Paoloni, A., Park, B. D., Pastore, A., Patel, M., Pereyma, D., Perillo-Marcone, A., Petkov, G. L., Petridis, K., Petrov, A., Podgrudkov, D., Poliakov, V., Polukhina, N., Prieto Prieto, J., Prokudin, M., Prota, A., Quercia, A., Rademakers, A., Rakai, A., Ratnikov, F., Rawlings, T., Redi, F., Ricciardi, S., Rinaldesi, M., Rodin, Volodymyr, Rodin, Viktor, Robbe, P., Rodrigues Cavalcante, A. B., Roganova, T., Rokujo, H., Rosa, G., Rovelli, T., Ruchayskiy, O., Ruf, T., Samoylenko, V., Samsonov, V., Sanchez Galan, F., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz Ull, A., Saputi, A., Sato, O., Savchenko, E. S., Schliwinski, J. S., Schmidt-Parzefall, W., Serra, N., Sgobba, S., Shadura, O., Shakin, A., Shaposhnikov, M., Shatalov, P., Shchedrina, T., Shchutska, L., Shevchenko, V., Shibuya, H., Shirobokov, S., Shustov, A., Silverstein, S. B., Simone, S., Simoniello, R., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, S., Sohn, J. Y., Sokolenko, A., Solodko, E., Starkov, N., Stoel, L., Stramaglia, M. E., Sukhonos, D., Suzuki, Y., Takahashi, S., Tastet, J. L., Teterin, P., Than Naing, S., Timiryasov, I., Tioukov, V., Tommasini, D., Torii, M., Tosi, N., Tramontano, F., Treille, D., Tsenov, R., Ulin, S., Ursov, E., Ustyuzhanin, A., Uteshev, Z., Uvarov, L., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Vannucci, F., Venturi, V., Vilchinski, S., Vincke, Heinz, Vincke, Helmut, Visone, C., Vlasik, K., Volkov, A., Voronkov, R., van Waasen, S., Wanke, R., Wertelaers, P., Williams, O., Woo, J. -K, Wurm, M., Xella, S., Yilmaz, D., Yilmazer, A. U., Yoon, C. S., Zaytsev, Yu., Zelenov, A., and Zimmerman, J.

Abstract

Dark matter is a well-established theoretical addition to the Standard Model supported by many observations in modern astrophysics and cosmology. In this context, the existence of weakly interacting massive particles represents an appealing solution to the observed thermal relic in the Universe. Indeed, a large experimental campaign is ongoing for the detection of such particles in the sub-GeV mass range. Adopting the benchmark scenario for light dark matter particles produced in the decay of a dark photon, with alpha(D) = 0.1 and m(A ') = 3m(chi), we study the potential of the SHiP experiment to detect such elusive particles through its Scattering and Neutrino detector (SND). In its 5-years run, corresponding to 2 center dot 10(20) protons on target from the CERN SPS, we find that SHiP will improve the current limits in the mass range for the dark matter from about 1 MeV to 300 MeV. In particular, we show that SHiP will probe the thermal target for Majorana candidates in most of this mass window and even reach the Pseudo-Dirac thermal relic.

Published
2021
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8. Nonclassical axisymmetric bending of circular Mindlin plates with radial force.

Author

Li, X.-F. and Lee, K. Y.

Abstract

The classical analysis of bending of a circular plate subjected to transverse loading often neglects the effect of the radial component of the reaction force. This paper analyzes this effect for a moderately thick circular plate with roller constraint. A nonclassical axisymmetric bending problem of a circular Mindlin plate is studied for a concentrated force and uniformly distributed loading. The governing equation is derived based on the incremental deformation theory of elasticity. With the aid of Bessel functions, explicit expressions for small- and large-scale transverse deflections and section rotation are obtained. Singular behavior at the plate center is discussed in detail. Two possible hypotheses at the plate center are analyzed, and they give rise to different singularities of the deflection, rotation, and stresses at the plate center. When neglecting the radial reaction force component, our model reduces to the classical circular Mindlin plate theory. Obtained results are useful in the safety design of circular plates under complicated loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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9. Surface effects on delamination of a thin film bonded to an elastic substrate.

Author

Yang, Y., Lee, K. Y., and Li, X.-F.

Subjects
*DELAMINATION of composite materials, *THIN films, *DISPLACEMENT (Mechanics), *DEBONDING, *RESIDUAL stresses
Abstract

The delamination of a circular thin film at micro/nanoscale is studied using the Kirchhoff plate theory incorporating surface effects in this paper. Bending of a clamped circular nanoplate subjected to a concentrated force at the center or a uniformly distributed force over a lateral surface is solved. The bending deflection is derived in closed form. The adhesion energy and its release rate for delamination are determined when surface effects are taken into account. The influences of surface residual stress and surface elasticity along with the film’s size on the energy release rate of debonding advance or interfacial adhesion of a thin film bonded to an elastic substrate are analyzed for applied loading or given displacements. Analytic results are compared with experimental data and satisfactory agreement is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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10. Surface effect on dynamic stability of microcantilevers on an elastic foundation under a subtangential follower force.

Author

Li, X.-F., Jiang, S.-N., and Lee, K. Y.

Abstract

For micro/nano structures, surface elasticity, surface stress and surface mass strongly affect mechanical behaviors of 1D beam-columns. This article studies dynamic stability of microcantilevers on an elastic foundation or embedded in an elastic matrix when subjected to a subtangential follower force, where the surface effects are taken into account. An exact characteristic equation is derived for clamped–free end supports. For differential tangency coefficients, the force–frequency interaction diagram is displayed and the influences of surface elasticity modulus, residual surface tension, surface mass and the elastic foundation are analyzed for conservative and non-conservative compressive forces. When the tangency coefficient vanishes, a cantilever column subjected to a conservative tip force is reduced, and conventional Euler buckling for a compressive axial load is recovered. When the tangency coefficient does not vanish, a generalized Beck’s column with the surface effects is tackled. When the tangency coefficient exceeds certain critical value, flutter instability take places. For a fixed frequency, the critical divergency and flutter loads as a function of the tangency coefficient are given for various surface influences from residual surface tension, surface elasticity, surface mass and the stiffness of the elastic foundation. The boundary map of stability, divergence and flutter domain is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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11. Asymmetric trapped modes in a tube waveguide with a bulge.

Author

Li, W. S., Zou, J., Lee, K. Y., and Li, X. F.

Subjects
WAVEGUIDES, DIRICHLET problem, BOUNDARY value problems, NANOWIRES, VIBRATION (Mechanics)
Abstract

Asymmetric trapped modes in a waveguide of a cylindrical hollow tube with a local bulge are studied. The problem is converted to solving a nonaxisymmetric boundary value problem associated with the three-dimensional Helmholtz equation subject to Dirichlet boundary condition. The domain decomposition method and matching technique are invoked for an infinitely long tube with a bulge and a semi-infinitely long tube with an end bulge. Asymmetric trapped modes along with the frequencies are determined and can be decomposed into a linear combination of those with the n-fold periodic symmetry. For each n-fold periodic trapped mode, whether azimuthal trapped modes exist depends on the radius and width of the bulge. The influence of the bulge's size on the frequencies and intensity location of localized vibration is analyzed. The obtained results can be extended to analyze bound states in quantum wires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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14. Adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay-guided chemotherapy in unresectable colorectal liver metastasis.

Author

Hur, H, Kim, N K, Kim, H G, Min, B S, Lee, K Y, Shin, S J, Cheon, J H, and Choi, S H

Subjects
ADENOSINE triphosphate, CANCER chemotherapy, COLON cancer, COLON surgery, LIVER metastasis
Abstract

Background:This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA)-guided neoadjuvant chemotherapy for increasing resectability in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis.Patients and methods:Patients were randomised into two groups: Group A was treated by conventional chemotherapy regimen and Group B was treated by chemotherapy regimen according to the ATP-CRA. Three chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) were tested by ATP-CRA and more sensitive agents were selected. Either FOLFOX or FOLFIRI was administered. Between Group A and B, treatment response and resectability were compared.Results:Between November 2008 and October 2010, a total 63 patients were randomised to Group A (N=32) or Group B (N=31). FOLFOX was more preferred in Group A than in Group B (26 out of 32 (81.3%) vs 20 out of 31 (64.5%)). Group B showed better treatment response than Group A (48.4% vs 21.9%, P=0.027). The resectability of hepatic lesion was higher in Group B (35.5% vs 12.5%, P=0.032). Mean duration from chemotherapy onset to the time of liver resection was 11 cycles (range 4-12) in Group A and 8 cycles (range 8-16) in Group B.Conclusion:This study showed that tailored-chemotherapy based on ATP-CRA could improve the treatment response and resectability in initially unresectable colorectal liver metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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15. Phospholipase A2 of peroxiredoxin 6 has a critical role in tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis.

Author

Kim, S Y, Chun, E, and Lee, K-Y

Subjects
PEROXIDASE, TUMOR necrosis factors, APOPTOSIS, PHOSPHOLIPASES, ARACHIDONIC acid
Abstract

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a bifunctional enzyme with peroxidase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities. Although the cellular function of the peroxidase of Prdx6 has been well elucidated, the function of the PLA2 of Prdx6 is largely unknown. Here, we report a novel function for the PLA2 in regulating TNF-induced apoptosis through arachidonic acid (AA) release and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. Prdx6 knockdown (Prdx6KD) in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS2B) shows severe decreases of peroxidase and PLA2 activities. Surprisingly, Prdx6KD cells are markedly resistant to apoptosis induced by TNF-α in the presence of cycloheximide, but are highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the release of AA and the production of IL-1β induced by proinflammatory stimuli, such as TNF-α, LPS, and poly I/C, are severely decreased in Prdx6KD cells. More interestingly, the restoration of Prdx6 expression with wild-type Prdx6, but not PLA2-mutant Prdx6 (S32A), in Prdx6KD cells dramatically induces the recovery of TNF-induced apoptosis, AA release, and IL-1β production, indicating specific roles for the PLA2 activity of Prdx6. Our results provide new insights into the distinct roles of bifunctional Prdx6 with peroxidase and PLA2 activities in oxidative stress-induced and TNF-induced apoptosis, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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16. Characterization of IrO/CNT nanocomposites.

Author

Chen, Y. M., Huang, Y. S., Lee, K. Y., Tsai, D. S., and Tiong, K. K.

Subjects
NANOCOMPOSITE materials, METAL organic chemical vapor deposition, SPECTROSCOPIC imaging, SCANNING electron microscopy, RAMAN effect
Abstract

IrO nanocrystals (NCs) were grown on vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) templates, forming IrO/CNT nanocomposites, by metal organic chemical vapour deposition using (CH)(CH)Ir as a source reagent. The surface morphology, structural and spectroscopic properties of the nanocomposites were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering. IrO varied from particle- to tube-like NCs as the deposition time increased from 5 to 60 min. The particle-like IrO NCs may be used as a protective layer on CNTs, providing stable and uniform field emission application. The tube-like structure may increase the surface-to-volume ratio which makes the IrO/CNT nanocomposites as an attractive candidate for the supercapacitor application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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17. Protein and lipid interactions in lung surfactant monolayers.

Author

Kremer, F., Lagaly, G., Texter, J., Lipp, M. M., Lee, K. Y. C., Zasadzinski, J. A., and Waring, A. J.

Abstract

This volume focuses on examining physical phenomena that occur in colloidal systems such as micellar solutions, microemulsions, emulsions, dispersions, slurries, etc. It principally concentrates on liquid/air, liquid/liquid, and liquid/solid interfaces. The work summarizes our current understanding of interfacial structure at the molecular level in these systems, and the relation of this structure to chemical and physico-chemical phenomena. Human lung surfactant protein SP-B and its amino terminus (SP-B1-25) alter the phase behavior of palmitic acid (PA) monolayers by inhibiting the formation of condensed phases and creating a new fluid PA- protein phase. This fluid phase increases the compressibility of the monolayers by forming a network that separates condensed phase domains at coexistence and persists to high surface pressures. The network changes the monolayer collapse nucleation from a heterogeneous to a more homogeneous process through isolating individual condensed phase domains. This results in higher surface pressures at collapse, and monolayers easier to respread on expansion, factors essential to the in vivo function of lung surfactant. The network is stabilized by low line tension between the coexisting phases as confirmed by the formation of extended linear domains or "stripe" phases. Similar stripes are found in monolayers of fluorescein-labeled SP-B1 25, suggesting that the reduction in line tension is due to the protein. Comparison of isotherm data and observed morphologies of monolayers containing SP-B1-25 with those containing the full SP-B protein shows that the peptide retains most of the native activity of the protein, which may lead to cheaper and more effective synthetic replacement formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997
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18. Acid leaching purification and neutron activation analysis of high purity silicas.

Author

Lee, K. Y., Yoon, Y. Y., Jeong, S. B., Chae, Y. B., and Ko, K. S.

Subjects
*LEACHING, *SILICA, *NUCLEAR activation analysis, *X-ray spectroscopy, *INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Abstract

The effects of acids on the removal of impurity from 2N grade silica have been studied using five leaching acids: 0.2 M-oxalic acid (pH 1.5 and 2.5), c-aqua regia, 2.5%—HCl/HF, and 1%—HNO3/HF. The presence of 39 impurities in the 2N grade silica and the reference material (RM, 5N grade silica) were investigated by neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods. Major impurities of the 2N silica were Al, K, Fe, Na, Ti, Ca, Mg and P. The fractions of the eight major impurities were 99.2% and 90.9% of total impurity in the 2N and RM silica, respectively. Among the leaching acids, almost all of the major impurities were removed effectively by the 2.5% HCl/HF leaching acid. All the major impurities, except for phosphorous, as well as 21 minor and trace impurities could be determined by the NAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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19. Regional characteristics of naturally occurring radionuclides in surface sediments of Chinese deserts and the Keum River area of Korea.

Author

Lee, K. Y., Yoon, Y. Y., Cho, S. Y., Ko, K. S., and Kim, Y.

Subjects
*RADIOISOTOPES, *SEDIMENTS, *ARID regions, *RIVERS
Abstract

Naturally occurring radionuclides (NORN) such as 40K, 226Ra and 232Th from 44 surface sediment samples collected from four desert regions of Chinese were determined to investigate the regional characteristics of the source areas of Asian dust. The radionuclides for 41 surface sediment samples collected from seven sites of the Keum River area in Korea were also determined to compare the regional characteristics with the Chinese desert area. The specific activities (SA) and the specific activity ratios (SAR) of the radionuclides were investigated for distinguishing the source region of Asian dust. The SA of 226Ra and 232Th as well as the SAR of 226Ra/40K and 232Th/40K were found to be useful to characterize source area and tracing Asian dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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20. Characterisation of fibronectin-mediated FAK signalling pathways in lung cancer cell migration and invasion.

Author

Meng, X. N., Jin, Y., Yu, Y., Bai, J., Liu, G. Y., Zhu, J., Zhao, Y. Z., Wang, Z., Chen, F., Lee, K.-Y., and Fu, S. B.

Subjects
FIBRONECTINS, CELL migration, CANCER cells, CANCER invasiveness, EPITHELIAL cells, ADENOCARCINOMA, BIOCHEMISTRY, CARRIER proteins, CELL motility, CELLULAR signal transduction, COMPARATIVE studies, LUNG tumors, PHENOMENOLOGY, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES, PROTEOLYTIC enzymes, RESEARCH, TRANSFERASES, EVALUATION research
Abstract

Background: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, such as breast, colon, prostate, ovary, and lung cancers. However, the mechanism by which extracellular matrix fibronectin stimulates lung cancer cell migration and invasion through FAK remains to be investigated.Methods: The signalling pathways in fibronectin-mediated lung cancer cell migration and invasion were examined using western blotting. The metastasis function was detected by wound healing, migration and invasion assays. Further, RNA interference and kinase inhibitors were also used to study the downstream signals.Results: In this study, we examined the FAK signalling pathways in relation to calpain-2 and RhoA in fibronectin-mediated lung cancer cell migration and invasion. We found that A549 lung epithelial cells stimulated by fibronectin showed increased phosphorylation of FAK and its downstream targets, Src, ERK1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), and Akt. Consistent with this observation, depletion of FAK by siRNA resulted in the inhibition of Src, ERK1/2, PI3K, and Akt activity. In addition, the Src inhibitor, PP2, blocked the phosphorylation of FAK, ERK1/2, PI3K, and Akt. Conversely, inhibition of MEK1/2 using PD98059 reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and calpain-2. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, further blocked the expression of MMP9 and RhoA. Inhibition of both MEK1/2 and PI3K caused reduced cell migration and invasion.Conclusion: Our data suggest that fibronectin-mediated activation of FAK that leads to lung cancer metastasis could occur through ERK or PI3K/Akt regulation of MMP9/calpain-2 or MMP9/RhoA activity, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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21. Delta-Wing Vortex Visualization Using Micro-Sized Water Droplets Generated by an Ultrasonic Humidifier.

Author

Sohn, M. H., Lee, K. Y., and Chang, J. W.

Abstract

An off-surface visualization method using micro water droplets and a laser beam sheet was developed. The average size of the water droplets generated by the home-style ultrasonic humidifier was about 5-10 μm. This method was pollution-free, eliminated the problem of toxicity, and provided a sufficient density of tracing particles for good visibility. The method was successfully applied to a visualization of the complex vortex flow of a double-delta wing with strake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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22. Epigenetic disruption of interferon-γ response through silencing the tumor suppressor interferon regulatory factor 8 in nasopharyngeal, esophageal and multiple other carcinomas.

Author

Lee, K. Y., Geng, H., Ng, K. M., Yu, J., van Hasselt, A., Cao, Y., Zeng, Y.-X., Wong, A. H. Y., Wang, X., Ying, J., Srivastava, G., Lung, M. L., Wang, L.-D., Kwok, T. T., Levi, B.-Z., Chan, A. T. C., Sung, J. J. Y., and Tao, Q.

Subjects
*CANCER cells, *INTERFERONS, *GENETIC regulation, *COMPARATIVE genomic hybridization, *ESOPHAGEAL cancer, *MALE reproductive organs
Abstract

16q24 is frequently deleted in multiple tumors including cancers of nasopharynx, esophagus, breast, prostate and liver. By array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we refined a 16q24 hemizygous deletion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. Semi-quantitative RT–PCR analysis revealed interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) as the only downregulated gene within this deletion. IRF8 belongs to a family of interferon (IFN) regulatory factors that modulate various important physiologic processes including host defense, cell growth and differentiation and immune regulation. In contrast to the broad expression of IRF8 in normal adult and fetal tissues, transcriptional silencing and promoter methylation of IRF8 were frequently detected in multiple carcinoma (except for hepatocellular) cell lines (100% in NPC, 88% in esophageal and 18–78% in other carcinoma cell lines) and in a large collection of primary carcinomas (78% in NPC, 36–71% in other carcinomas). Methylation of the IRF8 promoter led to the disruption of its response to IFN-γ stimulation. Pharmacological and genetic demethylation could restore IRF8 expression, indicating a direct epigenetic mechanism. Ectopic expression of IRF8 in tumor cells lacking its expression strongly inhibited their clonogenicity, confirming its tumor suppressor function. Thus, IRF8 was identified as a functional tumor suppressor, which is frequently silenced by epigenetic mechanism in multiple carcinomas.Oncogene (2008) 27, 5267–5276; doi:10.1038/onc.2008.147; published online 12 May 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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23. Epigenetic identification of ADAMTS18 as a novel 16q23.1 tumor suppressor frequently silenced in esophageal, nasopharyngeal and multiple other carcinomas.

Author

Jin, H., Wang, X., Ying, J., Wong, A. H. Y, Li, H., Lee, K. Y., Srivastava, G., Chan, A. T. C., Yeo, W., Ma, B. B. Y., Putti, T. C., Lung, M. L., Shen, Z-Y., Xu, L-Y., Langford, C., and Tao, Q.

Subjects
TUMOR suppressor proteins, TUMORS, ONCOGENES, CELL lines, GENE expression
Abstract

Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) often locate at chromosomal regions with frequent deletions in tumors. Loss of 16q23 occurs frequently in multiple tumors, indicating the presence of critical TSGs at this locus, such as the well-studied WWOX. Herein, we found that ADAMTS18, located next to WWOX, was significantly downregulated in multiple carcinoma cell lines. No deletion of ADAMTS18 was detected with multiplex differential DNA-PCR or high-resolution 1-Mb array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis. Instead, methylation of the ADAMTS18 promoter CpG Island was frequently detected with methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite genome sequencing in multiple carcinoma cell lines and primary carcinomas, but not in any nontumor cell line and normal epithelial tissue. Both pharmacological and genetic demethylation dramatically induced the ADAMTS18 expression, indicating that CpG methylation directly contributes to the tumor-specific silencing of ADAMTS18. Ectopic ADAMTS18 expression led to significant inhibition of both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of carcinoma cells lacking the expression. Thus, through functional epigenetics, we identified ADAMTS18 as a novel functional tumor suppressor, being frequently inactivated epigenetically in multiple carcinomas.Oncogene (2007) 26, 7490–7498; doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210559; published online 4 June 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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24. Physical properties of low- k films based on the co-condensation of methyltrimethoxysilane with a bridged silsesquioxane.

Author

Kim, B. R., Kang, J. W., Lee, K. Y., Son, J. M., and Ko, M. J.

Subjects
DIELECTRICS, COPOLYMERS, CAPACITANCE meters, SEMICONDUCTORS, ADHESION, ALUMINUM alloys
Abstract

Though spin-on organosilicates are considered as the promising candidates of low dielectric constant materials, it is necessary for a successful integration to improve mechanical strength such as modulus and fracture toughness. In this study, five sets of MTMS–BTMSE copolymers were synthesized and characterized while the monomer content of BTMSE (bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane) was varied from 9.1 to 47.3 mol% vs. MTMS (methyltrimethoxysilane). In parallel with the measurement of dielectric constant, four different tests were carried out to evaluate mechanical properties of the MTMS–BTMSE copolymers. Modulus was measured by the nanoindentation technique and the modified edge lift-off test (MELT) was employed to extract adhesive fracture toughness quantitatively. In addition, residual stress was calculated by sensing the change in radius of curvature of the substrate. The chemical structure of the copolymers was also analyzed with FTIR and NMR. Network formation was enhanced as the amount of BTMSE increased, which led to improvement of modulus and the increase in refractive index and dielectric constant. However, an increasing rate of fracture toughness by the MELT was not proportional to the increase in the amount of BTMSE, which implied that it was necessary to optimize the composition of the copolymers since adhesion strength was conjectured the most critical factor for a successful integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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25. Analysis and avoidance of singularities for local G 1 surface interpolation of Bézier curve network with 4-valent nodes.

Author

Cho, D.-Y., Lee, K.-Y., and Kim, T.-W.

Subjects
*RAPID prototyping, *INTERPOLATION spaces, *MATHEMATICAL singularities, *FOUNDATIONS of projective geometry
Abstract

We propose a local method of constructing piecewise G 1 Bézier patches to span a Bézier curve network with odd- and 4-valent node points. We analyze all possible singular cases of the G 1 condition that is to be met by the curve network interpolation and propose a new G 1 continuity condition using linear and quartic scalar weight functions. Using this condition, a curve network can be interpolated without modification at 4-valent nodes with two collinear tangent vectors, even in the presence of singularities. We demonstrate our approach by generating G 1 surfaces over the curve network which includes singularities at its node vertices and edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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26. RPS6KA2, a putative tumour suppressor gene at 6q27 in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer.

Author

Bignone, P. A., Lee, K. Y., Liu, Y., Emilion, G., Finch, J., Soosay, A. E. R., Charnock, F. M. L., Beck, S., Dunham, I., Mungall, A. J., and Ganesan, T. S.

Subjects
*TUMORS, *TUMOR suppressor genes, *PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES, *PROTEIN kinases, *CELL death, *CELL cycle
Abstract

We had previously defined by allele loss studies a minimal region at 6q27 (between D6S264 and D6S297) to contain a putative tumour suppressor gene. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase-3 gene (p90 Rsk-3, RPS6KA2) maps in this interval. It is a serine–threonine kinase that signals downstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. It is expressed in normal ovarian epithelium, whereas reduced or absent in tumours or cell lines. We show that RPS6KA2 is monoallelically expressed in the ovary suggesting that loss of a single expressed allele is sufficient to cause complete loss of expression in cancer cells. Further, we have identified two new isoforms of RPS6KA2 with an alternative start codon. Homozygous deletions were identified within the RPS6KA2 gene in two cell lines. Re-expression of RPS6KA2 in ovarian cancer cell lines suppressed colony formation. In UCI101 cells, the expression of RPS6KA2 reduced proliferation, caused G1 arrest, increased apoptosis, reduced levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and altered other cell cycle proteins. In contrast, small interfering RNA against RPS6KA2 showed the opposite effect in 41M cells. The above results suggest that RPS6KA2 is a putative tumour suppressor gene to explain allele loss at 6q27.Oncogene (2007) 26, 683–700. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209827; published online 31 July 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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27. Experimental and numerical study of CH4/CH3Cl/O2/N2 premixed flames under oxygen enrichment.

Author

Shin, S. S., Vega, E. V., and Lee, K. Y.

Subjects
FLAME, NUMERICAL analysis, CHLOROHYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL kinetics, METHYL chloride, FREE radicals, OXYGEN, RESPONSE inhibition
Abstract

A comprehensive experimental and numerical study has been conducted to understand the influence of CH3Cl addition on CH4/O2/N2 premixed flames under oxygen enrichment. The laminar flame speeds of CH4/CH3Cl/O2/N2 premixed flames at room temperature and atmospheric pressure are experimentally measured using the Bunsen nozzle flame technique with a variation in the amount of CH3Cl in the fuel, equivalence ratio of the unburned mixture, and level of oxygen enrichment. The concentrations of major species and NO in the final combustion products are also measured. In order to analyze the flame structure, a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism is employed, the adopted scheme involving 89 gas-phase species and 1017 elementary forward reaction steps. The flame speeds predicted by this mechanism are found to be in good agreement with those deduced from experiments. Chlorine atoms available from methyl chloride inhibit the oxygen-enhanced flames, resulting in lower flame speeds. This effect is more pronounced in rich flames than in lean flames. Although the molar amount of CH3Cl in the methane flame is increased, the temperature at the post flame is not significantly affected, based on the numerical analysis. However, the measured concentration of NO is reduced by about 35% for the flame burning the same amount of methyl chloride and methane at the oxygen enrichment of 0.3. This effect is due to the reduction of the concentration of free radicals related to NO production within the flame. In the numerical simulation, as CH3Cl addition is increased, the heat flux is largely decreased for the oxygen-enhanced flame. It appears that the rate of the OH + H2 → H + H2O reaction is reduced because of the reduction of OH concentration. However, the function of CH3Cl as an inhibitor on hydrocarbon flames is weakened as the level of oxygen enrichment is increased from 0.21 to 0.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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28. Notch1 confers thymocytes a resistance to GC-induced apoptosis through Deltex1 by blocking the recruitment of p300 to the SRG3 promoter.

Author

Jang, J., Choi, Y. I., Choi, J., Lee, K. Y., Chung, H., Jeon, S. H., and Seong, R. H.

Subjects
GLUCOCORTICOIDS, APOPTOSIS, ADRENOCORTICAL hormones, PROTEINS, CARRIER proteins, UNILINEAL descent (Kinship), CHEMICAL inhibitors
Abstract

One notable phenotypic change during the differentiation of immature thymocytes into either mature CD4 or CD8 single-positive lineages is the acquisition of a resistance to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis. We have previously reported that SRG3 is critical in determining the sensitivity for the GC-induced apoptosis in developing thymocytes. We report here that Notch signaling downregulates the transcriptional activation of SRG3 through N-box and/or E-box elements on its promoter. RBP-J represses SRG3 transcription through the N-box motif. On the other hand, Deltex1 competitively inhibits the binding of p300 to E2A/HEB protein bound to the E-box elements and represses the SRG3 promoter activity. Moreover, enforced expression of Deltex1 restored double-positive (DP) thymocyte survival from the GC-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that Notch signaling confers differentiating DP thymocytes resistance to GCs by regulating the SRG3 expression through Deltex1, and that Deltex1 and SRG3 may play a significant role during DP thymocyte maturation.Cell Death and Differentiation (2006) 13, 1495–1505. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401827; published online 9 December 2005 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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30. Biomonitoring of environmental pollution based on studies of trace elements in soil and crops.

Author

Lee, K. Y., Yang, M. K., Yoon, Y. Y., Shim, S. K., Cho, S. Y., Seo, B. K., Chung, Y. S., and Lee, J. H.

Subjects
*POLLUTION, *TRACE element analysis, *CROPS & soils, *MINES & mineral resources, *ABANDONED mines, *BIOLOGICAL monitoring
Abstract

Most elemental concentrations in crops should be related to those in soil and other circumferential environments. In the present study, more than thirty minor and trace elements in soils and crops were determined by the use of ICP, XRF and NAA. Soil and crop samples were collected at eleven abandoned mine regions in Chungnam province located in the middle part of Korea. The elemental concentrations in soils were compared to the crustal mean concentrations in both Chungnam area and worldwide. The concentration ratios of the elements in soils and crop compartments were calculated and the distribution characteristics of each element were investigated between soil and crop compartments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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31. Growth and ripening of (Au,Ni)Sn[sub4] phase in Pb-free and Pb-containing solders on Ni/Au metallization.

Author

Lee, K. Y., Li, M., and Tu, K. N.

Subjects
LEAD, GOLD, NICKEL, SOLDER & soldering, METALS
Abstract

The evolution of an interfacial microstructure between Cu/Ni/Au bond-pad metallization and Pb-free or Pb-containing solder bumps during solid-state aging was investigated. A distinctive difference between the Pb-containing and Pb-free solder bumps was observed. A continuous (Au,Ni)Sn[sub4] intermetallic compound layer was readily detected in the Pb-containing solder bump on the bond-pad. No such layer exists in the Pb-free case; instead a large number of (Au,Ni)Sn[sub4] particles scatter in the bulk of the solder. The different morphologies of the (Au,Ni)Sn[sub4] have been explained on the basis of the contact angle in Young's equation and of the growth of a flat layer by ripening. A simple kinetic analysis of ripening between a set of monosize spheres and a flat surface is given to describe the layered growth having a time dependence around 0.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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32. CP violation in ... decay with anomalous right-handed top quark couplings.

Author

Lee, J. -P. and Lee, K. Y.

Subjects
*QUARKS, *PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), *SYMMETRY (Physics), *NUCLEAR physics, *PHYSICS
Abstract

We explore CP violation in B → φK decay processes in the presence of the anomalous right-handed &tmacr;sW and &tmacr;bW couplings. The complex anomalous top coupling can be a source of new CP violation and may lead to a deviation of the observed weak phase in B → φK decays, which accounts for the present disagreement of the observed sin 2β between B → J/ψK and B → φK decays. Direct CP violation is also predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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33. Acute encephalitis associated with measles: MRI features.

Author

Lee, K. Y., Cho, W. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, H. D., and Kim, I. O.

Subjects
MEDICAL imaging systems, ENCEPHALITIS, MEASLES, PATIENTS, BRAIN diseases, DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

We document the MRI features in six patients aged 5-14 years with acute encephalitis following measles. The diagnosis was made on a characteristic morbiliform rash and detection of specific 1gM and IgG antibodies. The symptoms of encephalitis occurred 1-11 days after the appearance of the rash. All patients underwent MRI within 1-4 days of the onset of neurological symptoms. Diffusion weighted images (DWI) were obtained in three patients. In all patients, T2-weighted images showed widely distributed, multi- focal high signal in both cerebral hemispheres with swelling of the cortex, with bilateral, symmetrical involvement of the putamen and caudate nucleus. The lesions had showed low apparent diffusion coefficients. Three patients showed subacute gyriform haemorrhage, and asymmetrical gyriform contrast enhancement on follow-up MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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34. Moving eccentric crack in a piezoelectric strip bonded to elastic materials.

Author

Kwon, S.-M., Choi, H.-S., and Lee, K.-Y.

Abstract

The steady-state of a propagation eccentric crack in a piezoelectric ceramic strip bonded between two elastic materials under combined anti-plane mechanical shear and in-plane electrical loadings is considered in this paper. The analysis based on the integral transform approach is conducted on the permeable crack condition. Field intensity factors and energy release rate are obtained in terms of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. It is shown for this geometry that the crack propagation speed has influence on the dynamic energy release rate. The initial crack branching angle for a PZT-5H piezoceramic structure is predicted by the maximum energy release rate criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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35. Self-aggregates of deoxycholic acid-modified chitosan as a novel carrier of adriamycin.

Author

Lee, K. Y., Kim, J.-H., Kwon, I. C., and Jeong, S. Y.

Abstract

A novel and simple method for delivery of adriamycin (ADR) was developed using self-aggregates of deoxycholic acid-modified chitosan. Deoxycholic acid was covalently conjugated to chitosan via EDC-mediated reaction to generate self-aggregated chitosan nanoparticles. ADR was physically entrapped inside the self-aggregates and the characteristics of ADR-loaded chitosan self-aggregates were analyzed by dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The maximum amount of entrapped ADR reached 16.5 wt% of chitosan self-aggregates, suggesting a loading efficiency of 49.6 wt%. The size of ADR-loaded self-aggregates increased with increasing the loading content of ADR. AFM images showed spherical shape of ADR-loaded self-aggregates, and ADR was slowly released from chitosan self-aggregates in PBS solution (pH 7.2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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36. Interface crack between piezoelectric and elastic strips.

Author

Kwon, J. H. and Lee, K. Y.

Abstract

An interface crack between piezoelectric and elastic strips is analyzed using the theory of linear piezoelectricity. The combined out-of-plane mechanical and in-plane electrical loads are applied to the layered strip. Fourier transforms are used to reduce the problem to a pair of dual integral equations, which is then expressed in terms of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The stress intensity factor is determined, and numerical analysis is performed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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37. Bronchiolitis obliterans in children with Stevens-Johnson syndrome: follow-up with high resolution CT.

Author

Kim, M., Lee, K., Kim, M J, and Lee, K Y

Abstract

About one third of children with Stevens-Johnson syndrome have pulmonary involvement. As a consequence of airway epithelial injury, bronchiolitis obliterans can occur in these patients. Two cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome-associated bronchiolitis obliterans in children were diagnosed and followed by high resolution CT without open lung biopsy. Serial changes of high resolution CT features of bronchiolitis obliterans are discussed and the literature is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1996
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39. Relationship between body-mass index and serum folate concentrations in pregnant women.

Author

Kim, H, Hwang, J-Y, Kim, K-N, Ha, E-H, Park, H, Ha, M, Lee, K-Y, Hong, Y-C, Tamura, T, and Chang, N

Subjects
BODY mass index, FOLIC acid, PREGNANT women, MICRONUTRIENTS, FETAL development, HEALTH outcome assessment, LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

The concentration of micronutrients impacts fetal development and pregnancy outcome and has been suggested to be negatively correlated with the body-mass index (BMI). We evaluated the relationship between BMI and the serum folate concentration in 802 and 660 Korean pregnant women in mid- and late pregnancy, respectively, who participated in a multicenter prospective study. There was a significant negative correlation between BMI value and the serum folate concentration at mid- and late pregnancy (P for trend 0.001 and 0.024, respectively). A general linear model confirmed this correlation at both time points after adjusting for gestational age and total folate intake. These findings are important as the serum folate concentration is a rate-limiting factor for placental folate transport to the fetus, and an inadequate folate supply may cause various malformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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40. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of primary omental origin in an infant.

Author

Kim, O., Lee, K., Kim, O H, and Lee, K Y

Abstract

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurring in an infant is presented. The primary location of the tumor was in the omentum. Sonography showed huge, lobulated echogenic masses with cystic areas. CT demonstrated heterogeneously enhancing masses with central cystic and necrotic areas. This very unusual occurrence of a tumor in infancy with an intraabdominal location is described and the radiographic imaging is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1994
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41. Characteristics of the lactan gum produced from various carbon sources by Rahnella aquatilis.

Author

Na, K. and Lee, K.-Y.

Abstract

The characteristics of the lactan gum produced by Rahnella aquatilis varied according to the carbon sources used: the steady shear viscosity of lactan gum produced from fructose medium was higher than that produced from the other carbon sources, and furthermore the level of energy required (D H), for the degradation of lactan gum from fructose by Rahnella aquatilis was higher than that from other carbon sources. The lactan gums produced from sucrose or lactose contained mannose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the approximate molar ratio of 5:3:2. However, the lactan gum produced from galactose, glucose or fructose contained the same sugars at 2:4:4, 2:3:5 and 7:1.5:1.5 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997
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43. Ciliary body arteriovenous malformation?

Author

Lee, K Y-C, Gazzard, G, and Tan, D T H

Subjects
*ANTERIOR eye segment, *SLIT lamp microscopy, *CILIARY body diseases, *OPHTHALMOSCOPY, *IRIS (Eye) examination
Abstract

This article states that high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been proven useful in the diagnosis and management of anterior segment pathology. A case of probable arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the ciliary body that was imaged with UBM is described. A 33-year-old male presented with abnormal redness in the left eye associated with symptoms of itch and discomfort for 5 years. He was most disturbed by the cosmetic appearance of persistent dilated vessels. Fundus examination showed normal retinal vessels. A provisional diagnosis of AVM over the left nasal conjunctiva was made and was initially managed expectantly. The iris configuration was normal. The eye was treated with topical antibiotics and steroids postoperatively. VA was unchanged postoperatively. The patient was happy with the cosmetic result and no recurrence of dilated vessels occurred.

Published
2003
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45. Hydrology and chemistry of the Choptank River basin

Author

Benitez, J. A., Fisher, T. R., Norton, M. M., Berndt, H., and Lee, K.-Y.

Subjects
HYDROLOGY, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, WATER quality monitoring, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
Abstract

The Choptank River basin is a coastal plain catchment dominated by agriculture (52 % of land use). We summarize an 11 year data set of discharge and chemistry from a gauged subbasin. Discharge exhibited seasonal variations driven by seasonal evapotranspiration. There were double seasonal maxima of pH, NH4+, NO3-, total N, Fe, and total P concentrations in late spring and fall as the saturated zone rose and fell within the soil. Significant interannual variability in discharge was the result of rainfall variation. There were positive interannual trends in NO3- concentrations and negative interannual trends in NH4+and PO43- concentrations. These data were combined to estimate N andP export coefficients of 3-11 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 0.14-0.66 kg P ha-1 yr-1, driven primarily by interannual variations in discharge. These export coefficients are low compared to other coastal plain watersheds dominated by agriculture and may be responsible for the small anthropogenic effects in the Choptank estuary compared to other Chesapeake drainages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998

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