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Community attributes result from processes operating at various spatial scales. The hierarchic organisation of rivers and the prevailing hypotheses about the variables that affect fish communities make lotic ecosystems particularly suitable to study processes taking place across spatial scales. The general goal of this study was to investigate how river flow regime and local habitat properties explain and predict fish community attributes in unregulated and regulated rivers. Our objectives were: (1) to identify the hydrological indices that best describe the flow regimes of river segments subjected to different regulation types (unregulated, run-of-the-river, storage, and peaking), and; (2) to estimate the relative importance of hydrological indices (river scale), and water depth, water velocity, and substrate composition (local scale) in explaining and predicting local fish community attributes (species richness, total density, and total biomass). We surveyed 880 sites (~300 m) in 25 rivers (14 unregulated and 11 regulated) located in six physiographic regions of Canada. Based on a discriminant function analysis, nine hydrological indices were selected to represent river flow regime. Models of fish community attributes were developed using linear mixed-models (LMM) by nesting sites within rivers and regions. A few hydrological indices along with habitat properties predicted fish community attributes at the site scale (0.43< cross-validation $$R_{CV}^{2} < 0. 6 6$$ ). Specific hydrological indices and local habitat properties can be managed to preserve fish community attributes in regulated rivers. Combining variables associated with different scales in a LMM was a powerful and efficient way to model fish community attributes and produced reliable predictive models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a significant gap in understanding the risk of sexual victimization in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the variables that contribute to risk. Age appropriate sexual interest, limited sexual knowledge and experiences, and social deficits, may place adults with ASD at increased risk. Ninety-five adults with ASD and 117 adults without ASD completed questionnaires regarding sexual knowledge sources, actual knowledge, perceived knowledge, and sexual victimization. Individuals with ASD obtained less of their sexual knowledge from social sources, more sexual knowledge from non-social sources, had less perceived and actual knowledge, and experienced more sexual victimization than controls. The increased risk of victimization by individuals with ASD was partially mediated by their actual knowledge. The link between knowledge and victimization has important clinical implications for interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safe control of walking over different terrains requires appropriate adaptations in the dynamic and kinematic limb patterns. To date, the study of locomotor dynamics in the cat has been confined to level, unobstructed walking. The present study extends the work of Lavoie et al. by applying linked segment analyses to estimate muscle contributions to torque and mechanical power at the hindlimb joints of two female cats during both unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance. Data during obstacle avoidance were analyzed both when the hindlimb led in clearance and was farthest from the obstacle, and when it trailed in clearance and was closest or near to the obstacle. It was found that, in both the Far and Near obstructed conditions, the cats cleared the obstacles primarily by increasing the knee flexor torque already used during unobstructed gait. Contributions from the hip and ankle muscle groups were more variable. There was more emphasis on the hip extensors in mid to late stance, and the hip flexors generated a small amount of energy at paw-lift in the Far condition. In the Near condition, the hip extensors were employed to control hip flexion. We suggest that hip flexor generation power in mid-swing contributes to the clearance of the upcoming obstacle in the Far condition while, in the Near condition, hip flexion advances the already extended limb ahead of the obstacle. The ankle was actively dorsiflexed in the Near condition but was maintained in extension in the Far condition. The emphasis on active knee flexor control by the cat to avoid obstacles, as well as the dependence of ankle control on obstacle proximity, is similar to strategies seen for humans. However, the knee flexor strategy is innate to the cat’s normal level walking control, whereas in humans active knee flexion at toe-off requires a reorganization from level, non-obstructed gait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the chemical components from the seeds of Koelreuteria paniculata. It states the identification of the compounds based on their infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. It mentions the two compounds isolated from seeds of the said plant, such as flavonoid and cycloartane glycosides.

Glycosides H and I, the structures of which were established by modern physicochemical analytical methods (PMR, C NMR, COSY, TOCSY, HMBC, MS) and acid-base hydrolysis, were isolated from the purified total saponins from fruit of Phytolacca americana containing at least 10 triterpene glycosides by rechromatography of enriched fractions over a column of silica gel. Glycoside H was a bidesmoside of phytolaccageninic acid, which was isolated earlier from cell culture of Phytolacca acinosa. Glycoside I was 3-O-(β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β -D-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 3)- β -D-xylopyranosyl)-28 -O- β -D-glucopyranosyl phytolaccagenin, which was isolated by us for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the isolation of flavonoids from astragalus microcephalus Willd., a representative of the astralagus (Leguminosae L.) genus, and structure elucidation of compounds. The study used carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (C NMR) and infrared techniques. The air-dried ground raw material was extracted by ethyl alcohol (EtOH) while the organic solvent was distilled off to produce an aqueous residue. It adds that 45% EtOH effluent contained total polar flavonoids.

The article focuses on the study on the chemical components of the aerial part of the plant called Astragalus bungeanus from the flora of Georgia. The study presents several examined compounds including Compound 1 described as apigenin, Compound 3 identified as cyclocanthogenin, and Compound 6 distinguished as identical to cyclogaleginoside. The study shows that the aerial part demonstrated high leukopoietic and anti-oxidant activity during its biological tests.

The radiology information system (RIS) provides patient and examination information that is used in setting up and performing a radiologic procedure. In a digital imaging environment, information from the RIS can also be used to populate fields in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) image header. Ideally, information from the RIS should be available at the modality at the time of the examination, and automatically be attached to the image in the appropriate DICOM fields before storage in the picture archiving and communications system (PACS). We have designed a highly integrated RIS interface for a digital radiography (DR) system. This interface employs browser technology to make RIS information conveniently available at the modality, and DICOM modality performed procedure step (MPPS) for RIS/DR information exchange. A novel feature of our approach is that a single display screen at the modality is used to alternatively display either the modality control window or the RIS window. Full access to RIS capabilities is available at the modality, including worklists and prior reports. Copyright (c) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]