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1. Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

Author

van Rheenen, W., van der Spek, R.A.A., Bakker, M.K., van Vugt, J.J.F.A., Hop, P.J., Zwamborn, R.A.J., de Klein, N., Westra, H-J, Bakker, O.B., Deelen, P., Shireby, G., Hannon, E., Moisse, M., Baird, D., Restuadi, R., Dolzhenko, E., Dekker, A.M., Gawor, K., Westeneng, H-J, Tazelaar, G.H.P., van Eijk, K.R., Kooyman, M., Byrne, R.P., Doherty, M., Heverin, M., Al Khleifat, A., Iacoangeli, A., Shatunov, A., Ticozzi, N., Cooper-Knock, J., Smith, B.N., Gromicho, M., Chandran, S., Pal, S., Morrison, K.E., Shaw, P.J., Hardy, J., Orrell, R.W., Sendtner, M., Meyer, T., Başak, N., van der Kooi, A.J., Ratti, A., Fogh, I., Gellera, C., Lauria, G., Corti, S., Cereda, C., Sproviero, D., D’alfonso, S., Sorarù, G., Siciliano, G., Filosto, M., Padovani, A., Chio, A., Calvo, A., Moglia, C., Brunetti, M., Canosa, A., Grassano, M., Beghi, E., Pupillo, E., Logroscino, G., Nefussy, B., Osmanovic, A., Nordin, A., Lerner, Y., Zabari, M., Gotkine, M., Baloh, R.H., Bell, S., Vourc’h, P., Corcia, P., Couratier, P., Millecamps, S., Meininger, V., Salachas, F., Mora Pardina, J.S., Assialioui, A., Rojas-García, R., Dion, P.A., Ross, J.P., Ludolph, A.C., Weishaupt, J.H., Brenner, D., Freischmidt, A., Bensimon, G., Brice, A., Durr, A., Payan, C.A.M., Saker-Delye, S., Wood, N.W., Topp, S., Rademakers, R., Tittmann, L., Lieb, W., Franke, A., Ripke, S., Braun, A., Kraft, J., Whiteman, D.C., Olsen, C.M., Uitterlinden, A.G., Hofman, A., Rietschel, M., Cichon, S., Nöthen, M.M., Amouyel, P., Comi, G., Riva, N., Lunetta, C., Gerardi, F., Cotelli, M.S., Rinaldi, F., Chiveri, L., Guaita, M.C., Perrone, P., Ceroni, M., Diamanti, L., Ferrarese, C., Tremolizzo, L., Delodovici, M.L., Bono, G., Manera, U., Vasta, R., Bombaci, A., Casale, F., Fuda, G., Salamone, P., Iazzolino, B., Peotta, L., Cugnasco, P., De Marco, G., Torrieri, M.C., Palumbo, F., Gallone, S., Barberis, M., Sbaiz, L., Gentile, S., Mauro, A., Mazzini, L., De Marchi, F., Corrado, L., D’Alfonso, S., Bertolotto, A., Gionco, M., Leotta, D., Odddenino, E., Imperiale, D., Cavallo, R., Pignatta, P., De Mattei, M., Geda, C., Papurello, D.M., Gusmaroli, G., Comi, C., Labate, C., Ruiz, L., Ferrandi, D., Rota, E., Aguggia, M., Di Vito, N., Meineri, P., Ghiglione, P., Launaro, N., Dotta, M., di Sapio, A., Giardini, G., Tiloca, C., Peverelli, S., Taroni, F., Pensato, V., Castellotti, B., Comi, G.P., Del Bo, R., Gagliardi, S., Raggi, F., Simoncini, C., Lo Gerfo, A., Inghilleri, M., Ferlini, A., Simone, I.L., Passarella, B., Guerra, V., Zoccolella, S., Nozzoli, C., Mundi, C., Leone, M., Zarrelli, M., Tamma, F., Valluzzi, F., Calabrese, G., Boero, G., Rini, A., Traynor, B.J., Singleton, A.B., Mitne Neto, M., Cauchi, R.J., Ophoff, R.A., Wiedau-Pazos, M., Lomen-Hoerth, C., van Deerlin, V.M., Grosskreutz, J., Roediger, A., Gaur, N., Jörk, A., Barthel, T., Theele, E., Ilse, B., Stubendorff, B., Witte, O.W., Steinbach, R., Hübner, C.A., Graff, C., Brylev, L., Fominykh, V., Demeshonok, V., Ataulina, A., Rogelj, B., Koritnik, B., Zidar, J., Ravnik-Glavač, M., Glavač, D., Stević, Z., Drory, V., Povedano, M., Blair, I.P., Kiernan, M.C., Benyamin, B., Henderson, R.D., Furlong, S., Mathers, S., McCombe, P.A., Needham, M., Ngo, S.T., Nicholson, G.A., Pamphlett, R., Rowe, D.B., Steyn, F.J., Williams, K.L., Mather, K.A., Sachdev, P.S., Henders, A.K., Wallace, L., de Carvalho, M., Pinto, S., Petri, S., Weber, M., Rouleau, G.A., Silani, V., Curtis, C.J., Breen, G., Glass, J.D., Brown, R.H., Landers, J.E., Shaw, C.E., Andersen, P.M., Groen, E.J.N., van Es, M.A., Pasterkamp, R.J., Fan, D., Garton, F.C., McRae, A.F., Davey Smith, G., Gaunt, T.R., Eberle, M.A., Mill, J., McLaughlin, R.L., Hardiman, O., Kenna, K.P., Wray, N.R., Tsai, E., Runz, H., Franke, L., Al-Chalabi, A., Van Damme, P., van den Berg, L.H., Veldink, J.H., van Rheenen, W., van der Spek, R.A.A., Bakker, M.K., van Vugt, J.J.F.A., Hop, P.J., Zwamborn, R.A.J., de Klein, N., Westra, H-J, Bakker, O.B., Deelen, P., Shireby, G., Hannon, E., Moisse, M., Baird, D., Restuadi, R., Dolzhenko, E., Dekker, A.M., Gawor, K., Westeneng, H-J, Tazelaar, G.H.P., van Eijk, K.R., Kooyman, M., Byrne, R.P., Doherty, M., Heverin, M., Al Khleifat, A., Iacoangeli, A., Shatunov, A., Ticozzi, N., Cooper-Knock, J., Smith, B.N., Gromicho, M., Chandran, S., Pal, S., Morrison, K.E., Shaw, P.J., Hardy, J., Orrell, R.W., Sendtner, M., Meyer, T., Başak, N., van der Kooi, A.J., Ratti, A., Fogh, I., Gellera, C., Lauria, G., Corti, S., Cereda, C., Sproviero, D., D’alfonso, S., Sorarù, G., Siciliano, G., Filosto, M., Padovani, A., Chio, A., Calvo, A., Moglia, C., Brunetti, M., Canosa, A., Grassano, M., Beghi, E., Pupillo, E., Logroscino, G., Nefussy, B., Osmanovic, A., Nordin, A., Lerner, Y., Zabari, M., Gotkine, M., Baloh, R.H., Bell, S., Vourc’h, P., Corcia, P., Couratier, P., Millecamps, S., Meininger, V., Salachas, F., Mora Pardina, J.S., Assialioui, A., Rojas-García, R., Dion, P.A., Ross, J.P., Ludolph, A.C., Weishaupt, J.H., Brenner, D., Freischmidt, A., Bensimon, G., Brice, A., Durr, A., Payan, C.A.M., Saker-Delye, S., Wood, N.W., Topp, S., Rademakers, R., Tittmann, L., Lieb, W., Franke, A., Ripke, S., Braun, A., Kraft, J., Whiteman, D.C., Olsen, C.M., Uitterlinden, A.G., Hofman, A., Rietschel, M., Cichon, S., Nöthen, M.M., Amouyel, P., Comi, G., Riva, N., Lunetta, C., Gerardi, F., Cotelli, M.S., Rinaldi, F., Chiveri, L., Guaita, M.C., Perrone, P., Ceroni, M., Diamanti, L., Ferrarese, C., Tremolizzo, L., Delodovici, M.L., Bono, G., Manera, U., Vasta, R., Bombaci, A., Casale, F., Fuda, G., Salamone, P., Iazzolino, B., Peotta, L., Cugnasco, P., De Marco, G., Torrieri, M.C., Palumbo, F., Gallone, S., Barberis, M., Sbaiz, L., Gentile, S., Mauro, A., Mazzini, L., De Marchi, F., Corrado, L., D’Alfonso, S., Bertolotto, A., Gionco, M., Leotta, D., Odddenino, E., Imperiale, D., Cavallo, R., Pignatta, P., De Mattei, M., Geda, C., Papurello, D.M., Gusmaroli, G., Comi, C., Labate, C., Ruiz, L., Ferrandi, D., Rota, E., Aguggia, M., Di Vito, N., Meineri, P., Ghiglione, P., Launaro, N., Dotta, M., di Sapio, A., Giardini, G., Tiloca, C., Peverelli, S., Taroni, F., Pensato, V., Castellotti, B., Comi, G.P., Del Bo, R., Gagliardi, S., Raggi, F., Simoncini, C., Lo Gerfo, A., Inghilleri, M., Ferlini, A., Simone, I.L., Passarella, B., Guerra, V., Zoccolella, S., Nozzoli, C., Mundi, C., Leone, M., Zarrelli, M., Tamma, F., Valluzzi, F., Calabrese, G., Boero, G., Rini, A., Traynor, B.J., Singleton, A.B., Mitne Neto, M., Cauchi, R.J., Ophoff, R.A., Wiedau-Pazos, M., Lomen-Hoerth, C., van Deerlin, V.M., Grosskreutz, J., Roediger, A., Gaur, N., Jörk, A., Barthel, T., Theele, E., Ilse, B., Stubendorff, B., Witte, O.W., Steinbach, R., Hübner, C.A., Graff, C., Brylev, L., Fominykh, V., Demeshonok, V., Ataulina, A., Rogelj, B., Koritnik, B., Zidar, J., Ravnik-Glavač, M., Glavač, D., Stević, Z., Drory, V., Povedano, M., Blair, I.P., Kiernan, M.C., Benyamin, B., Henderson, R.D., Furlong, S., Mathers, S., McCombe, P.A., Needham, M., Ngo, S.T., Nicholson, G.A., Pamphlett, R., Rowe, D.B., Steyn, F.J., Williams, K.L., Mather, K.A., Sachdev, P.S., Henders, A.K., Wallace, L., de Carvalho, M., Pinto, S., Petri, S., Weber, M., Rouleau, G.A., Silani, V., Curtis, C.J., Breen, G., Glass, J.D., Brown, R.H., Landers, J.E., Shaw, C.E., Andersen, P.M., Groen, E.J.N., van Es, M.A., Pasterkamp, R.J., Fan, D., Garton, F.C., McRae, A.F., Davey Smith, G., Gaunt, T.R., Eberle, M.A., Mill, J., McLaughlin, R.L., Hardiman, O., Kenna, K.P., Wray, N.R., Tsai, E., Runz, H., Franke, L., Al-Chalabi, A., Van Damme, P., van den Berg, L.H., and Veldink, J.H.

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons.

Published
2021

2. Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

Author

Başak, Ayşe Nazlı (ORCID 0000-0001-9257-3540 & YÖK ID 1512), van Rheenen, W.; Van der Spek, R.A.A.; Bakker, M.K.; van Vugt, J.J.F.A.; Hop, P.J.; Zwamborn, R.A.J.; de Klein, N.; Westra, H.J.; Bakker, O.B.; Deelen, P.; Shireby, G.; Hannon, E.; Moisse, M.; Baird, D.; Restuadi, R.; Dolzhenko, E.; Dekker, A.M.; Gawor, K.; Westeneng, H.J.; Tazelaar, G.H.P.; van Eijk, K.R.; Kooyman, M.; Byrne, R.P.; Doherty, M.; Heverin, M.; Al Khleifat, A.; Iacoangeli, A.; Shatunov, A.; Ticozzi, N.; Cooper-Knock, J.; Smith, B.N.; Gromicho, M.; Chandran, S.; Pal, S.; Morrison, K.E.; Shaw, P.J.; Hardy, J.; Orrell, R.W.; Sendtner, M.; Meyer, T.; van der Kooi, A.J.; Ratti, A.; Fogh, I.; Gellera, C.; Lauria, G.; Corti, S.; Cereda, C.; Sproviero, D.; D'Alfonso, S.; Sorarù, G.; Siciliano, G.; Filosto, M.; Padovani, A.; Chiò, A.; Calvo, A.; Moglia, C.; Brunetti, M.; Canosa, A.; Grassano, M.; Beghi, E.; Pupillo, E.; Logroscino, G.; Nefussy, B.; Osmanovic, A.; Nordin, A.; Lerner, Y.; Zabari, M.; Gotkine, M.; Baloh, R.H.; Bell, S.; Vourc'h, P.; Corcia, P.; Couratier, P.; Millecamps, S.; Meininger, V.; Salachas, F.; Mora Pardina, J.S.; Assialioui, A.; Rojas-García, R.; Dion, P.A.; Ross, J.P.; Ludolph, A.C.; Weishaupt, J.H.; Brenner, D.; Freischmidt, A.; Bensimon, G.; Brice, A.; Durr, A.; Payan, C.A.M.; Saker-Delye, S.; Wood, N.W.; Topp, S.; Rademakers, R.; Tittmann, L.; Lieb, W.; Franke, A.; Ripke, S.; Braun, A; Kraft, J.,Whiteman, David C.; Olsen, Catherine M.; Uitterlinden, A.G.; Hofman, A.; Rietschel, M.; Cichon, S.; Nothen, M.M.; Amouyel, P.; Comi, G.; Riva, N.; Lunetta, C.; Gerardi, F.; Cotelli, M.S.; Rinaldi, F.; Chiveri, L.; Guaita, M.C.; Perrone, P.; Ceroni, M.; Diamanti, L.; Ferrarese, C.; Tremolizzo, L.; Delodovici, M.L.; Bono, G.; Manera, U.; Vasta, R.; Bombaci, A.; Casale, F.; Fuda, G.; Salamone, P.; Iazzolino, B.; Peotta, L.; Cugnasco, P.; De Marco, G.; Torrieri, M.C.; Palumbo, F.; Gallone, S.; Barberis, M.; Sbaiz, L.; Gentile, S.; Mauro, A.; Mazzini, L.; De Marchi, F.; Corrado, L.; D'Alfonso, S.; Bertolotto, A.; Gionco, M.; Leotta, D.; Odddenino, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Başak, Ayşe Nazlı (ORCID 0000-0001-9257-3540 & YÖK ID 1512), van Rheenen, W.; Van der Spek, R.A.A.; Bakker, M.K.; van Vugt, J.J.F.A.; Hop, P.J.; Zwamborn, R.A.J.; de Klein, N.; Westra, H.J.; Bakker, O.B.; Deelen, P.; Shireby, G.; Hannon, E.; Moisse, M.; Baird, D.; Restuadi, R.; Dolzhenko, E.; Dekker, A.M.; Gawor, K.; Westeneng, H.J.; Tazelaar, G.H.P.; van Eijk, K.R.; Kooyman, M.; Byrne, R.P.; Doherty, M.; Heverin, M.; Al Khleifat, A.; Iacoangeli, A.; Shatunov, A.; Ticozzi, N.; Cooper-Knock, J.; Smith, B.N.; Gromicho, M.; Chandran, S.; Pal, S.; Morrison, K.E.; Shaw, P.J.; Hardy, J.; Orrell, R.W.; Sendtner, M.; Meyer, T.; van der Kooi, A.J.; Ratti, A.; Fogh, I.; Gellera, C.; Lauria, G.; Corti, S.; Cereda, C.; Sproviero, D.; D'Alfonso, S.; Sorarù, G.; Siciliano, G.; Filosto, M.; Padovani, A.; Chiò, A.; Calvo, A.; Moglia, C.; Brunetti, M.; Canosa, A.; Grassano, M.; Beghi, E.; Pupillo, E.; Logroscino, G.; Nefussy, B.; Osmanovic, A.; Nordin, A.; Lerner, Y.; Zabari, M.; Gotkine, M.; Baloh, R.H.; Bell, S.; Vourc'h, P.; Corcia, P.; Couratier, P.; Millecamps, S.; Meininger, V.; Salachas, F.; Mora Pardina, J.S.; Assialioui, A.; Rojas-García, R.; Dion, P.A.; Ross, J.P.; Ludolph, A.C.; Weishaupt, J.H.; Brenner, D.; Freischmidt, A.; Bensimon, G.; Brice, A.; Durr, A.; Payan, C.A.M.; Saker-Delye, S.; Wood, N.W.; Topp, S.; Rademakers, R.; Tittmann, L.; Lieb, W.; Franke, A.; Ripke, S.; Braun, A; Kraft, J.,Whiteman, David C.; Olsen, Catherine M.; Uitterlinden, A.G.; Hofman, A.; Rietschel, M.; Cichon, S.; Nothen, M.M.; Amouyel, P.; Comi, G.; Riva, N.; Lunetta, C.; Gerardi, F.; Cotelli, M.S.; Rinaldi, F.; Chiveri, L.; Guaita, M.C.; Perrone, P.; Ceroni, M.; Diamanti, L.; Ferrarese, C.; Tremolizzo, L.; Delodovici, M.L.; Bono, G.; Manera, U.; Vasta, R.; Bombaci, A.; Casale, F.; Fuda, G.; Salamone, P.; Iazzolino, B.; Peotta, L.; Cugnasco, P.; De Marco, G.; Torrieri, M.C.; Palumbo, F.; Gallone, S.; Barberis, M.; Sbaiz, L.; Gentile, S.; Mauro, A.; Mazzini, L.; De Marchi, F.; Corrado, L.; D'Alfonso, S.; Bertolotto, A.; Gionco, M.; Leotta, D.; Odddenino, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM), and School of Medicine

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons., Dutch Research Council (NWO); VENI Scheme Grant; VIDI Grant; Prinses Beatrix Spierfonds; Neuromuscular Fellowship Grant; Medical Research Council (MRC); Clinical Infrastructure Award; Epidemiology Unit; Integrative Epidemiology Unit; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; IWT; National Institute on Aging; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC); Enabling Grant; NHMRC/Australian Research Council Strategic Award; NHMRC; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Grant; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Research Fellowship; United Kingdom, Medical Research Council; Economic and Social Research Council; European Union (EU); Horizon 2020; European Community's Health Seventh Framework Programme; EuroMOTOR; European Research Council (ERC); Research and Innovation Programme; EScORIAL; ALS Foundation Netherlands; Alzheimer’s Society PhD Studentship; ARSla Funding; Biogen; University of Bristol; Motor Neurone Disease Association (MNDA); NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre; Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; BRAINSCAPES); Gravitation Program; ALS Liga België; National Lottery of Belgium; KU Leuven Opening the Future Fund; KU Leuven Funds, “Een Hart voor ALS”, “Laeversfonds voor ALS Onderzoek” and the “Valéry Perrier Race against ALS Fund”; E. von Behring Chair for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders; ALS Liga België; “Live now” Charity Foundation; Moscow ALS palliative Care Service; Canadian Institutes of Health; Research Australia; Ice Bucket Challenge Grant; NIH Intramural Research Programs; FightMND Mid-Career Fellowship; NIHR Senior Investigator; Sheffield NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; Motor Neurone Disease Association; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre; Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; King’s College London; NIHR Senior Investigator Award; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development; Vici Sche

Published
2021

3. A Delphi consensus statement of the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the Italian Neurological Society on pharmacoresistant neuropathic pain.

Author

Ciaramitaro, P., Cruccu, G., de Tommaso, M., Devigili, G., Fornasari, D., Geppetti, P., Lacerenza, M., Lauria, G., Mameli, S., Marchettini, P., Nolano, M., Polati, E., Provitera, V., Romano, M., Solaro, C., Tamburin, S., Tugnoli, V., Valeriani, M., Truini, Andrea, and Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the Italian Neurological Society

Subjects
PAIN management, PAIN, CONSENSUS (Social sciences), TASK forces, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

To improve patient care and help clinical research, the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the Italian Neurological Society appointed a task force to elaborate a consensus statement on pharmacoresistant neuropathic pain. The task force included 19 experts in neuropathic pain. These experts participated in a Delphi survey consisting of three consecutive rounds of questions and a face-to-face meeting, designed to achieve a consensus definition of pharmacoresistant neuropathic pain. In the three rounds of questions, the participants identified and described the main distinguishing features of pharmacoresistance. In the face-to-face meeting the participants discussed the clinical features determining pharmacoresistance. They finally agreed that neuropathic pain is pharmacoresistant when "the patient does not reach the 50% reduction of pain or an improvement of at least 2 points in the Patient Global Impression of Change, having used all drug classes indicated as first, second, or third line in the most recent and widely agreed international guidelines, for at least 1 month after titration to the highest tolerable dose." Our consensus statement might be useful for identifying eligible patients for invasive treatments, and selecting patients in pharmacological trials, thus improving patient care and helping clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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4. Ischemic stroke as clinical onset of POEMS syndrome.

Author

Dacci, P., Lessi, F., Dalla Bella, E., Morbin, M., Briani, C., and Lauria, G.

Subjects
NEUROPATHY, ENDOCRINOLOGY
Abstract

A letter to the editor about case reports of patients who experienced stroke with feature of peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin charges (POEMS) is presented.

Published
2013
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5. Plasma deoxysphingolipids: a novel class of biomarkers for the metabolic syndrome?

Author

Othman, A., Rütti, M., Ernst, D., Saely, C., Rein, P., Drexel, H., Porretta-Serapiglia, C., Lauria, G., Bianchi, R., Eckardstein, A., and Hornemann, T.

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: Sphingolipid synthesis is typically initiated by the conjugation of l-serine and palmitoyl-CoA, a reaction catalysed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). SPT can also metabolise other acyl-CoAs (C to C) and other amino acids such as l-alanine and glycine, giving rise to a spectrum of atypical sphingolipids. Here, we aimed to identify changes in plasma levels of these atypical sphingolipids to explore their potential as biomarkers in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Methods: We compared the plasma profiles of ten sphingoid bases in healthy individuals with those of patients with the metabolic syndrome but not diabetes, and diabetic patients ( n = 25 per group). The results were verified in a streptozotocin (STZ) rat model. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used. Results: Deoxysphingolipids (dSLs) were significantly elevated ( $$ p = {5} \times {1}{0^{{ - {6}}}} $$) in patients with the metabolic syndrome (0.11 ± 0.04 μmol/l) compared with controls (0.06 ± 0.02 μmol/l) but did not differ between the metabolic syndrome and diabetes groups. Levels of C-sphingosine-based sphingolipids were significantly lowered in diabetic patients but not in patients with the metabolic syndrome but without diabetes ( p = 0.008). Significantly elevated dSL levels were also found in the plasma and liver of STZ rats. A principal component analysis revealed a similar or even closer association of dSLs with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in comparison with the established biomarkers. Conclusions/interpretation: We showed that dSLs are significantly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic metabolic syndrome compared with healthy controls. They may, therefore, be useful novel biomarkers to improve risk prediction and therapy monitoring in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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6. Pain and autonomic dysfunction in patients with sarcoidosis and small fibre neuropathy.

Author

Bakkers, M., Faber, C. G., Drent, M., Hermans, M. C. E., van Nes, S. I., Lauria, G., de Baets, M., and Merkies, I. S. J.

Subjects
DYSAUTONOMIA, SARCOIDOSIS, NEUROPATHY, AUTONOMIC nervous system diseases, PAIN, PATIENTS
Abstract

Small fibre neuropathy (SFN) has been demonstrated in sarcoidosis. However, a systematic analysis of neuropathic pain and autonomic symptoms, key features of SFN, has not been performed. Clinimetric evaluation of pain and autonomic symptoms using the neuropathic pain scale (NPS) and the modified Composite Autonomic Symptoms Scale (mCOMPASS) was used in sarcoidosis patients for this study. A total of 91 sarcoidosis patients ( n = 23 without SFN symptoms, n = 43 with SFN symptoms but normal intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD), n = 25 with SFN symptoms and reduced IENFD) were examined. NPS and mCOMPASS were assessed twice (reliability studies). Severity of pain was compared between the subgroups. Correlation between NPS and a visual analogue pain scale (VAS) was assessed (validity studies). Healthy controls ( n = 105) completed the mCOMPASS for comparison with patients' scores. Patients with sarcoidosis, SFN complaints, and reduced IENFD demonstrated more severe pain scores on the NPS. The mCOMPASS differentiated between subjects with and without SFN symptoms. A significant correlation was obtained between the NPS and VAS, indicating good construct validity. Good reliability values were obtained for all scales. The use of the NPS to evaluate SFN symptoms is suggested, as it shows differences between patients with SFN symptoms with normal or reduced IENFD values. The mCOMPASS might be used to select patients for further testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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7. Regression of diabetic complications by islet transplantation in the rat.

Author

Remuzzi, A., Cornolti, R., Bianchi, R., Figliuzzi, M., Porretta-Serapiglia, C., Oggioni, N., Carozzi, V., Crippa, L., Avezza, F., Fiordaliso, F., Salio, M., Lauria, G., Lombardi, R., and Cavaletti, G.

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease leading to complications such as peripheral neuropathies, nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Pancreatic islet transplantation is being extensively investigated for blood glucose control in animals and in human type 1 diabetic patients, but the question of whether it can reverse long-term diabetic complications has not been fully explored. We investigated the effects of islet transplantation on diabetic complications in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Three groups of rats were used: healthy controls, diabetic and diabetic rats transplanted with microencapsulated islets at 2 months after diabetes induction, when neuropathy was detectable by a decrease in tail nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and impaired nociceptive thresholds. Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured weekly. The variables considered were: thermal (hot plate test) and mechanical sensitivity (Randal–Selitto paw withdrawal test), NCV and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the sciatic nerve. At the end of the experiments hearts were removed for morphometric determination and myocyte number, and kidneys removed for histological examination. Islet transplantation in diabetic rats induced normoglycaemia in a few days, accompanied by a rapid rise in body weight and amelioration of impaired nociceptive thresholds, as well as normalisation of NCV and Na+, K+-ATPase, which were both about 25% below normal in diabetic rats. Myocyte loss was reduced (−34%) by islet transplantation and the observed mild kidney damage of diabetic rats was prevented. Besides controlling glycaemia, transplantation of microencapsulated pancreatic islets induced almost complete regression of neuropathy and prevented cardiovascular alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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8. Testosterone derivatives are neuroprotective agents in experimental diabetic neuropathy.

Author

Roglio, I., Bianchi, R., Giatti, S., Cavaletti, G., Caruso, D., Scurati, S., Crippa, D., Garcia-Segura, L., Camozzi, F., Lauria, G., and Melcangi, R. C.

Subjects
TESTOSTERONE, ANDROGENS, STANOLONE, PERFORMANCE-enhancing drugs, ANDROSTANE
Abstract

In this study we have assessed the effect of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5αandrostan-3α, 17β-diol (3α-diol) therapies on diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes was induced in adult male rats by the injection of streptozotocin and resulted in decreased T and increased 3α-diol levels in plasma and in decreased levels of pregnenolone and DHT in the sciatic nerve. Moreover, a reduced expression of the enzyme converting Tinto DHT ( i.e., the 5α-reductase) also occurs at the level of sciatic nerve, suggesting that the decrease of DHT levels could be due to an impairment of this enzyme. Chronic treatment for 1 month with DHT or 3α-diol increased tail nerve conduction velocity and partially counteracted the increase of thermal threshold induced by diabetes. Treatment with DHT increased tibial Na+,K+-ATPase activity and the expression of myelin protein P0 in the sciatic nerve.DHT, 3α-diol and T reversed the reduction of intra-epidermal nerve fiber density induced by diabetes. These observations indicate that T metabolites can reverse behavioral, neurophysiological, morphological and biochemical alterations induced by peripheral diabetic neuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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9. Innervation of the human epidermis. A historical review.

Author

Lauria, G.

Abstract

Skin biopsy represents an attractive technique to evaluate the extensive innervation of human epidermis, as demonstrated by the immunoreactivity of the intra-epidermal nerve fibers to the marker protein gene product 9.5. Intra-epidermal nerve fibers can be reliably quantified, and their density correlates with both the presence and the severity of sensory neuropathy. The first description of nerve fibers within human epidermis was published by Paul Langerhans. However, the limitations imposed by the relatively insensitive staining methods led several investigators working during the following century to deny or minimize their existence. The author reviews the assumptions and the striking discrepancies emerging from the wide literature on cutaneous sensory terminations since the late nineteenth century and highlights the new developments emerging from the most recent works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999
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10. Hypokaliemic rhabdomyolysis associated with liquorice ingestion: report of an atypical case.

Author

Barrella, M., Lauria, G., Quatrale, R., and Paolino, E.

Abstract

Copyright of Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
1997
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11. Synaptosomal glutamate uptake in a model of experimental cerebral ischemia.

Author

Zanchin, G., Boni, A., Lauria, G., Maggioni, F., Rossi, P., and Villacara, A.

Abstract

In the present investigation we studied the synaptosomal uptake of glutamate in brain omogenate of Mongolian gerbils submitted to bilateral common carotid occlusion, with and without subsequent return of blood flow. The results show that glutamate uptake after ischemia is reduced by about 35% The damage appears to be persistent, since return of blood flow restores uptake only slightly. The membrane alterations occurring in ischemia could explain the persistence of glutamate transporter impairment. Besides the blockade of NMDA receptors, the stimulation and/or the protection of the uptake systems for glutamate could be of help in preventing neuronal ischemic damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995
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12. Cephalic tetanus presenting with incomplete Bell's palsy.

Author

Gentile, M. and Lauria, G.

Abstract

Copyright of Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
1994
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13. Parenchymatous neurosyphilis.

Author

Lauria, G., Erbetta, A., Pareyson, D., and Sghirlanzoni, A.

Subjects
*NEUROSYPHILIS, *NEUROLOGICAL disorders
Abstract

Presents a case of parenchymatous neurosyphilis. Coronal fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance image; Transient worsening of aphasia; Mild cortical gadolinium enhancement in the right temporal lobe.

Published
2001
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14. Spinal cord lesion due to epidural anesthesia.

Author

Lauria, G., Chiapparini, L., Pareyson, D., and Sghirlanzoni, A.

Subjects
*SPINAL cord injuries, *EPIDURAL anesthesia, *LUMBAR vertebrae surgery, *CATHETERIZATION, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *SACRUM, *SPINAL cord, *SPINAL cord compression, *SURGICAL complications, *EPIDURAL injections
Abstract

Reports a case on spinal cord lesion due to epidural anesthesia in a patient undergoing orthopedic surgery. Insertion of the needle through the intervertebral space; Complaints of lower limb pain following insertion; Rate of neurological complications following lumbar epidural anesthesia.

Published
2000
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15. Small-fibre neuropathies--advances in diagnosis, pathophysiology and management.

Author

Hoeijmakers JG, Faber CG, Lauria G, Merkies IS, Waxman SG, Hoeijmakers, Janneke G, Faber, Catharina G, Lauria, Giuseppe, Merkies, Ingemar S, and Waxman, Stephen G

Abstract

Small-fibre neuropathy (SFN), a disorder of thinly myelinated Aδ-fibres and unmyelinated C-fibres, is clinically characterized by neuropathic pain symptoms and autonomic complaints. Diagnosis of SFN is challenging as the clinical picture can be difficult to interpret and results from nerve conduction studies are often normal. In cases of suspected SFN, measurement of intraepidermal nerve fibre density and/or analysis of quantitative sensory testing can enable diagnosis. New diagnostic techniques (including measurement of nerve fibre density using corneal confocal microscopy, and nociceptive evoked potentials) may contribute to the diagnostic work-up. SFN can be associated with systemic diseases such as immune-mediated disorders, but remains idiopathic in a substantial proportion of patients. Gain-of-function variants in the Na(v)1.7 sodium channel have recently been found in nearly 30% of patients with idiopathic SFN, but the mechanisms of axonal degeneration in the disorder remain under investigation. Identification of the systemic diseases underlying SFN will enable development of drugs that target affected pathways to improve the management of neuropathic pain and autonomic dysfunction. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the diagnosis and pathophysiology of SFN, highlighting how improved understanding of these aspects of the disorder will contribute to better patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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