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Abstract The WD‐repeat (WDR) family affects carcinogenesis, but its role in the immune microenvironment is poorly characterized. Although functional loss or gain of WDR6 does not markedly change in vitro proliferative and invasive capacity of HCC cells, its deficiency in hepa1‐6 cells drastically inhibits the growth and lung metastasis of orthotopically implanted tumors in immune‐competent C57BL/6J mice. Mechanistically, WDR6 targets tumor suppressor UVRAG to the CUL4A‐DDB1‐ROC1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex through a unique WDxR motif and promotes its degradation. This upregulates chromatin accessibility at the TNFα locus by blocking autophagic degradation of p65, elevates intratumoral myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (MDSC) number, and reduces CD8+ T cell infiltration, thereby promoting HCC progression. These immunosuppressive effects are reversed by TNFα blockade. TNFα recruits NF‐κB to activate the transcription of WDR6, establishing a WDR6‐TNFα loop. Clinically, the WDR6/UVRAG/NF‐κB pathway is hyperactivated in HCC, predicting a poor prognosis. Importantly, a WDxR‐like peptide disrupts the WDR6/UVRAG complex and enhances the efficiency of anti‐PD‐L1 against HCC with WDR6 dysregulation.

Abstract Mitochondria comprise the central metabolic hub of cells and their imbalance plays a pathogenic role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we studied Lon protease 1 (LONP1), a major mitochondrial protease, as its role in CKD pathogenesis is unclear. LONP1 expression was decreased in human patients and mice with CKD, and tubular‐specific Lonp1 overexpression mitigated renal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in two different models of CKD, but these outcomes were aggravated by Lonp1 deletion. These results were confirmed in renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Mechanistically, LONP1 downregulation caused mitochondrial accumulation of the LONP1 substrate, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), which disrupted mitochondrial function and further accelerated CKD progression. Finally, computer‐aided virtual screening was performed, which identified a novel LONP1 activator. Pharmacologically, the LONP1 activator attenuated renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these results imply that LONP1 is a promising therapeutic target for treating CKD.

This paper introduces a new framework for cooperative games with restricted permutations, focusing on situations where not all possible player permutations occur. The framework allows players within an ordered coalition to exchange positions if it benefits them. To ensure stable connections among players, we introduce the concept of stably connected ordered coalitions, which incorporates the notions of objection and counter-objection. We then define an order-restricted game, a generalized characteristic function game derived from the original game. Additionally, inspired by the Shapley value, we propose an allowable value and provide its axiomatization. Finally, we explore several extensions of this value to further investigate its potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important comorbidities of diabetic patients, which places large physiological and economic burdens on patients. Safflower yellow, a natural pigment extracted from the petals of safflower, has been put into adjuvant therapy. Databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, MEDLINE and etc. will be searched for relevant articles. A meta-analysis was carried out to assess the efficacy and safety of safflower yellow adjuvant to conventional treatment regimen using mean differences (MD) and rate ratios (RR). A cost-effectiveness analysis was also conducted based on the result of meta-analysis. Finally, 28 articles involving 2251 patients were included in meta-analysis. The results showed that compared with conventional treatment, the fasting blood-glucose (FBG) [MD = 0.40], urinary albumin ejection rate (UAER) within 24 h [MD = 48.16], serum creatinine (Scr) [MD = 9.63], blood urea nitrogen (BUN) [MD = 1.73] were significantly lower and the clinical efficacy [RR = 1.28] was more remarkable in safflower yellow adjuvant to conventional treatment group. Our analysis suggested that safflower yellow adjuvant to conventional treatment regimen not only had better clinical efficacy but more cost-effective than conventional treatment regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human ABC transporters ABCD1–3 are all localized on the peroxisomal membrane and participate in the β-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoAs, but they differ from each other in substrate specificity. The transport of branched-chain fatty acids from cytosol to peroxisome is specifically driven by ABCD3, dysfunction of which causes severe liver diseases such as hepatosplenomegaly. Here we report two cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of ABCD3 bound to phytanoyl-CoA and ATP at resolutions of 2.9 Å and 3.2 Å, respectively. A pair of phytanoyl-CoA molecules were observed in ABCD3, each binding to one transmembrane domain (TMD), which is distinct from our previously reported structure of ABCD1, where each fatty acyl-CoA molecule strongly crosslinks two TMDs. Upon ATP binding, ABCD3 exhibits a conformation that is open towards the peroxisomal matrix, leaving two extra densities corresponding to two CoA molecules deeply embedded in the translocation cavity. Structural analysis combined with substrate-stimulated ATPase activity assays indicated that the present structures might represent two states of ABCD3 in the transport cycle. These findings advance our understanding of fatty acid oxidation and the molecular pathology of related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is an RF-amide neuropeptide that binds and activates its cognate G protein-coupled receptor, prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PrRPR), also known as GPR10. PrRP and PrRPR are highly conserved across mammals and involved in regulating a range of physiological processes, including stress response, appetite regulation, pain modulation, cardiovascular function, and potentially reproductive functions. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of PrRP-bound PrRPR coupled to Gq or Gi heterotrimer, unveiling distinct molecular determinants underlying the specific recognition of the ligand's C-terminal RF-amide motif. We identify a conserved polar pocket that accommodates the C-terminal amide shared by RF-amide peptides. Structural comparison with neuropeptide Y receptors reveals both similarities and differences in engaging the essential RF/RY-amide motifs. Our findings demonstrate the general mechanism governing RF-amide motif recognition by PrRPR and RF-amide peptide receptors, and provide a foundation for elucidating activation mechanisms and developing selective drugs targeting this important peptide–receptor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginseng, from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, is a widely used herbal medicine in Asian countries, known for its excellent therapeutic properties. The growth of P. ginseng is depend on specific and strict environments, with a preference for wetness but intolerance for flooding. Under excessive soil moisture, some irregular rust-like substances are deposited on the root epidermis, causing ginseng rusty symptoms (GRS). This condition leads to a significant reduce in yield and quality, resulting in substantial economic loses. However, there is less knowledge on the cause of GRS and there are no effective treatments available for its treatment once it occurs. Unsuitable environments lead to the generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the key indicators associated with the stress response during different physiological stages of GRS development. We observed a significant change in ROS level, MDA contents, antioxidant enzymes activities, and non-enzymatic antioxidants contents prior to the GRS. Through the analysis of soil features with an abundance of moisture, we further determined the source of ROS. The levels of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities in the inter-root soil of ginseng with GRS were significantly elevated compared to those of healthy ginseng. These enzymes boost nitric oxide (NO) levels, which in turn showed a favorable correlation with the GRS. The activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase first rose and then decreased as GRS developed. Excess soil moisture causes a decrease in oxygen levels. This activated NR and NOS in the soil, resulting in a production of excess NO. The NO then diffused into the ginseng root and triggered a burst of ROS through NADPH located on the cell membrane. Additionally, Fe2+ in soil was oxidized to red Fe3+, and finally led to GRS. This conclusion was also verified by the Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a precursor compound producing NO. The presence of NO from NR and NOS in water-saturated soil is responsible for the generation of ROS. Among these, NO is the main component that contribute to the occurrence of GRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteriocins are peptides or proteins produced by ribosomes that have bacteriostatic activity. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main producers of bacteriocins, and most studies have screened bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from traditional dairy products, screening lactic acid bacteria from new materials has become an important aim of bacteriocin exploration at this stage. A total of 49 LAB strains of 20 species in 6 genus were screened from a mixed sample of eight Daqu using traditional pure culture methods. And the results were then combined with high-throughput sequencing to further understand the distribution of LAB in Daqu. At the same time, the diversity of model LAB bacteriocins was explored through database analyses. Using BAGEL4 software and computer mining method, 286 gene clusters of 183 homologs from 60 different types of bacteriocins were predicted and a phylogenetic tree has been constructed to better show the distribution characteristics of bacteriocin related genes in LAB species. This study also shows that Daqu has the potential to mine bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria, and provides a reference for enriching the sources of new bacteriocins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis technology is considered as a most promising method to decompose organic pollutant since the inexhaustible solar energy and facile reaction condition. Herein, a series of flower-like Ag/AgCl/BiOCl photocatalysts are successfully synthesized via hydrothermal and photochemical deposition method. All the samples are investigated and characterized by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Photoluminescence to insight into the microstructures and optical properties. During the photocatalytic degradation of Methyl orange experiments, the optimized Ag/AgCl/BiOCl sample prepared by photoreduction with 40 min exhibits the excellent photocatalytic performance. Under visible-light irradiation for 60 min, degradation rate of Methyl orange reaches 97%, which is 9.7, 6.1 and 4.6 times higher than that of AgCl, Ag/BiOCl and BiOCl, respectively. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance and Photoluminescence spectra of the Ag/AgCl/BiOCl photocatalyst verify that the enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to its extended absorption range to visible-light region and the efficient separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. In addition, the radical trapping experiment demonstrates that photogenerated hole and superoxide radicals play critical roles in the methyl orange degradation. The corresponding photocatalytic degradation mechanism is proposed that the excellent photocatalytic activity is attributed to the surface plasmon resonance effect of metallic Ag and heterojunction structure of Ag/AgCl/BiOCl photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages play a pivotal role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) therapy. Efforts have been made to develop multifunctional drug delivery systems capable of directing macrophage polarization. Here, we present a novel hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) hydrogel microparticle encapsulating multiple cytokines for SLE remission though enhancing macrophage functions. The HAMA microparticles loaded with monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were fabricated by using a microfluidic technology. The released MCP-1 facilitates the aggregation of inflammatory macrophages, after which IL-4 induces the macrophage phenotype shift from inflammatory M1 to immune-protective M2, thus restoring immune balance. We have demonstrated in MRL/lpr mice that the hydrogel microparticles could improve their efficacy of intraperitoneal drug delivery, modulate immune function, and attenuate the disease symptoms. These results suggest that our proposed microparticles delivery platform has potential clinical value for treating autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H2V3O8 has been regarded as a compelling cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) owing to its elevated theoretical capacity, abundance of vanadium valence states, and advantageous layered configuration. Nonetheless, the intrinsically low conductivity and sluggish ionic reaction kinetics of H2V3O8 result in undesirable, constraining its broader implementation in AZIBs. In this study, a facile hydrothermal approach was utilized to prepare H2V3O8 nanowires with an abundance of oxygen vacancies. The combination of nanowire nanostructure and oxygen vacancies of the H2V3O8 offer improved ion diffusion kinetics and enhanced electronic conductivity, leading to a superior improved electrochemical performance. Particularly, the H2V3O8 nanowire cathodes with the optimal oxygen vacancy concentration (HVO-20) exhibit a specific capacity of 461.7 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1 and exceptional cycle life of 198.8 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. The investigation unveils the impact of oxygen vacancy vanadium-based oxides on the performance of AZIBs, presenting a viable strategy for advanced cathode materials in AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries is very important for the development of energy storage systems. However, batteries are subject to characteristic changes in complex environments, making it difficult to accurately estimate SOC online. In this paper, an adaptive feedback particle swarm with multi-innovation singular decomposition unscented Kalman filtering method is proposed. The idea of the real-time change of inertia weight and learning factor is used to balance the particle searchability, and the information feedback mechanism is established to make the local optimal position constantly updated, which solves the problem that the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimal solution. Singular decomposition (SVD) is used to replace Cholesky decomposition in traditional UKF to avoid algorithm divergence. At the same time, a strategy of noise variance Q varying with multi-time errors is introduced to further improve the estimation accuracy. The results show that under different working conditions, the SOC estimation accuracy based on adaptive feedback particle swarm optimization and multi-information singular decomposition unscented Kalman filter is improved by 76.6% and 67.6% respectively, and the algorithm convergence speed is improved by 88.9% and 77.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial delays of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have been less explored. In this study, a total of 151,799 notified PTB cases were included, with median patient and diagnostic delays of 15 [interquartile range (IOR), 4–35] and 2 (IOR, 0–8) days, respectively. The spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial–temporal scan statistics were used to determine the clusters, indicating that the regions in the southwestern and northeastern parts of Zhejiang Province exhibited high rates of long-term patient delay (LPD, delay ≥ 15 days) and long-term diagnostic delay (LDD, delay ≥ 2 days). Besides, the Mantel test indicated a moderately positive correlation between public awareness of suspicious symptoms and the LPD rate in 2018 (Mantel's r = 0.4, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that PTB delays can reveal deficiencies in public health education and the healthcare system. Also, it is essential to explore methods to shift PTB knowledge towards real changes in attitude and behavior to minimize patient delay. Addressing these issues will be crucial for improving public health outcomes related to PTB in Zhejiang Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land transfer is essential for advancing moderate-scale agriculture, and the digital economy plays a key role in facilitating these transfers. Based on microdata from four rounds of the China Household Finance Survey spanning from 2013 to 2019, this study employs a Linear Probability Model (LPM) to examine the impact of digital economy on rural land transfer-out decisions. The results indicate that: (1) The development of the digital economy significantly increases the likelihood of rural households transferring land out. Specifically, for each unit increase in the digital economy index, the probability of a household transferring land out increases by 3.39%. These conclusions remain robust even after accounting for endogeneity and conducting robustness checks. (2) The digital economy facilitates rural land transfer-out by promoting non-agricultural employment and entrepreneurship among farmers, as well as enhancing online social interactions and information acquisition. (3) There are heterogeneous impacts due to different scales and transferees, variations in physical and human capital, as well as differences in village topographies. This study deepens the understanding of the digital economy's impact on land transfer decision-making and provides relevant policy references for facilitating land transfer and agricultural modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endemic to the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China, elongate loach (Leptobotia elongata) has become a vulnerable species mainly due to overfishing and habitat destruction. Thus far, no genome data of this species are reported. As a result, lacking of such genomic information has restricted practical conservation and utilization of this economic fish. Here, we constructed chromosome-level genome assemblies for both male and female elongate loach by integration of MGI, PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing technologies. Two primary genome assemblies (586-Mb and 589-Mb) were obtained for female and male fishes, respectively. Indeed, 98.22% and 98.61% of the contig sequences were anchored onto 25 chromosomes, with identification of 26.22% and 25.92% repeat contents in both assembled genomes. Meanwhile, a total of 25,215 and 25,253 protein-coding genes were annotated, of which 97.41% and 98.8% could be predicted with functions. Taken together, our genome data presented here provide a valuable genomic resource for in-depth evolutionary and functional research, as well as molecular breeding and conservation of this economic fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residents' participation is crucial for sustainable old neighborhood regeneration. Residents' intentions to participate in the regeneration are low in China, resulting in unsustainable neighborhood development problems. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the drivers of residents' participation. Residents' behavioral mechanisms are deeply embedded in their social networks, especially in acquaintance social networks typical of old neighborhoods in China. By constructing a mediated moderation model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and danwei system and taking the old neighborhood regeneration in Xi'an as a case study, this paper investigates the paths and mechanisms of the social network embeddedness, TPB, and danwei system on residents' participation intention. The results show that social network embeddedness can improve residents' intention to participate in regeneration through both direct and indirect pathways, and its indirect effect is much larger than the direct effect. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control significantly and positively mediated the contribution of social network embeddedness on participation intention. However, the specific mediating effect of attitude is significantly smaller than the other two. The danwei system has a significant moderating effect in the first stage of the relationship between social network embeddedness and participation intention. These imply that the extrinsic social factor of social network embeddedness is internalized as a driving force for convergence and motivation of residents' participation intentions mainly through the normative pressure and exchange of experiences between acquaintances and that the danwei system reinforces this extrinsic-intrinsic facilitation process through the danwei's "physical presence." These findings provide revelatory countermeasures for exploring the factors that motivate residents to participate actively in neighborhood regeneration and encourage their involvement at the intervention level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a stabilized virtual element method for the unsteady Navier-Stokes problems on polygonal meshes. Using "equal-order" virtual elements in space and the Crank-Nicolson scheme in time, we give a fully discrete formula. By introducing the local-projection type stabilizations, the method can not only circumvent the discrete inf-sup condition but also control spurious oscillations caused by high Reynolds numbers. Stability and error estimates for velocity and pressure are analyzed. Particularly, error estimates are derived in which the constants are independent of the negative powers of the viscosity. Several numerical experiments are simulated to support the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space weathering is a primary factor in altering the composition and spectral characteristics of surface materials on airless planets. However, current research on space weathering focuses mainly on the Moon and certain types of asteroids. In particular, the impacts of meteoroids and micrometeoroids, radiation from solar wind/solar flares/cosmic rays, and thermal fatigue due to temperature variations are being studied. Space weathering produces various transformation products such as melted glass, amorphous layers, iron particles, vesicles, and solar wind water. These in turn lead to soil maturation, changes in visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra (weakening of characteristic absorption peaks, decreased reflectance, increased near-infrared slope), and alterations in magnetism (related to small iron particles), collectively termed the "lunar model" of space weathering transformation. Compared to the Moon and asteroids, Mercury has unique spatial environmental characteristics, including more intense meteoroid impacts and solar thermal radiation, as well as a weaker particle radiation environment due to the global distribution of its magnetic field. Therefore, the lunar model of space weathering may not apply to Mercury. Previous studies have extensively explored the effects of micrometeoroid impacts. Hence, this work focuses on the effects of solar-wind particle radiation in global magnetic-field distribution and on the weathering transformation of surface materials on Mercury under prolonged intense solar irradiation. Through the utilization of high-valence state, heavy ion implantation, and vacuum heating simulation experiments, this paper primarily investigates the weathering transformation characteristics of the major mineral components such as anorthite, pyroxene, and olivine on Mercury's surface and compares them to the weathering transformation model of the Moon. The experimental results indicate that ion implantation at room temperature is insufficient to generate np-Fe0 directly but can facilitate its formation, while prolonged exposure to solar thermal radiation on Mercury's surface can lead directly to the formation of np-Fe0. Therefore, intense solar thermal radiation is a crucial component of the unique space weathering transformation process on Mercury's surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an analysis of the information processing mechanism in the primary visual cortex of biological vision, this study proposes an integration method of bar-combination of shifted filter responses (B-COSFIRE) filter with the differential evolution (DE) algorithm for enhancing the precision of events extraction. First, the B-COSFIRE filter incorporates trainable and unsupervised features, utilizing the two-dimensional expression of the difference-of-Gaussians (DoG) model to simulate the receptive field model. By capitalizing on the blur and shift properties of the DoG response, the proposed approach enhances the continuous effective signal while attenuating discontinuous noise signal, thereby demonstrating superior noise robustness compared to conventional methods. Second, the selectivity of proposed filter is not predefined during the implementation but automatically determined based on the given prototype pattern during the configuration process, resulting in a universal solution adaptable to various target patterns. Lastly, we employ the DE algorithm to optimize the feature selection process, enabling the extraction of a minimum feature subset that maximizes the performance of events characterization. The B-COSFIRE method is widely used in the field of image processing. When applying it to seismic exploration, the seismic data used by this algorithm is in 'sgy' format, providing richer information than traditional image data. The proposed model can effectively detect the event in seismic data with significant data volume and substantial noise interference. The B-COSFIRE filter method outperforms conventional edge detection techniques by accurately capturing seismic events of varying widths, aligning with the principles observed in biological vision mechanisms. The extracted events exhibit enhanced continuity and accuracy compared to existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Awake prone positioning has been reported to reduce endotracheal intubation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). However, it is still unclear whether using the awake prone positioning for longer periods can further improve outcomes. Methods: In this randomized, open-label clinical trial conducted at 12 hospitals in China, non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related AHRF were randomly assigned to prolonged awake prone positioning (target > 12 h daily for 7 days) or standard care with a shorter period of awake prone positioning. The primary outcome was endotracheal intubation within 28 days after randomization. The key secondary outcomes included mortality and adverse events. Results: In total, 409 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to prolonged awake prone positioning (n = 205) or standard care (n = 204). In the first 7 days after randomization, the median duration of prone positioning was 12 h/d (interquartile range [IQR] 12–14 h/d) in the prolonged awake prone positioning group vs. 5 h/d (IQR 2–8 h/d) in the standard care group. In the intention-to-treat analysis, intubation occurred in 35 (17%) patients assigned to prolonged awake prone positioning and in 56 (27%) patients assigned to standard care (relative risk 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42–0.9]). The hazard ratio (HR) for intubation was 0.56 (0.37–0.86), and for mortality was 0.63 (0.42–0.96) for prolonged awake prone positioning versus standard care, within 28 days. The incidence of pre-specified adverse events was low and similar in both groups. Conclusion: Prolonged awake prone positioning of patients with COVID-19-related AHRF reduces the intubation rate without significant harm. These results support prolonged awake prone positioning of patients with COVID-19-related AHRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pavement crack detection is an important task in the periodic inspection of pavements. Aiming at the problems of high labor cost and low recognition rate during traditional pavement crack detection, this paper proposes an improved automatic recognition algorithm based on YOLOv8 model, which is defined as YOLOv8-D-CBAM. First, in order to flexibly capture the crack informationand improve the model recognition rate. Depthwise separable convolution is introduced to the backbone network of the model; Second, Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is added to the neck to improve the model feature extraction capability. Improved model recognition rate and model performance are achieved based on the above improvements. Experimental results show that the YOLOv8-D-CBAM algorithm of Precision, Recall, F1-score and mAP@0.5 are 98.21%, 98.21%, 97.9% and 99.5% respectively; Meanwhile, The model achieved more than 90% recognition rate for each category of crack disease. So the YOLOv8-D-CBAM algorithm has good model performance in pavement crack identification research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, natural polymeric materials have been widely used in biogel artificial muscles. As a natural fungal polysaccharide material, tremella fuciformis extract (TFE) contains many hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. It also exhibits efficient mass transfer. In this study, we used a fungus polysaccharide gel artificial muscle (FPAM) prepared with carboxylated chitosan and TFE as the main raw materials. The effects of the material ratios on the electrochemical and mechanical properties were experimentally verified with the driving voltage and FPAM size. The results indicated that the optimal performance was reached when 1 g of TFE was added. The large folded structures on the surface were uniformly distributed. The FPAM exhibited weak intermolecular forces and high crystallinity. Compared to that of the control group, the current was approximately 1.5 times higher (the peak current at the optimal proportion was 0.1 A), and the specific capacitance was approximately 2.6 times higher (the specific capacitance with the optimal proportions was 73.589 F/g). The higher ion migration efficiency provided better conductivity. With the optimal proportions, the output force reached a maximum of 2.914 mN, and the elastic modulus was 15 MPa. The enhanced electromechanical response of the FPAM prepared from natural fungal polysaccharides resulted in substantial biocompatibility, providing a new solution for artificial muscle biogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a novel nonlocal numerical model based on the peridynamic differential operator to analyze the thermoelectric coupling field. The thermoelectric coupling equations and boundary conditions are transformed from the classical partial differential form to the nonlocal integral form. By introducing the peridynamic function, a one-dimensional nonlocal model is established. This model can accurately capture the spatial distributions of the temperature field and material parameters when considering temperature-dependent thermoelectric material parameters. The numerical solutions from this nonlocal peridynamic model were found to agree well with those from the homotopy analysis method. Using this model, the influence of temperature boundary conditions and structure length on output performance is studied. The intrinsic relationship between the material parameters and the output properties within the structure is revealed. This presented nonlocal model provides an accurate mathematical tool to solve the thermoelectric coupling field for thermoelectric structures performance analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The camouflaged object segmentation model (COSM) has recently gained substantial attention due to its remarkable ability to detect camouflaged objects. Nevertheless, deep vision models are widely acknowledged to be susceptible to adversarial examples, which can mislead models, causing them to make incorrect predictions through imperceptible perturbations. The vulnerability to adversarial attacks raises significant concerns when deploying COSM in security-sensitive applications. Consequently, it is crucial to determine whether the foundational vision model COSM is also susceptible to such attacks. To our knowledge, our work represents the first exploration of strategies for targeting COSM with adversarial examples in the digital world. With the primary objective of reversing the predictions for both masked objects and backgrounds, we explore the adversarial robustness of COSM in full white-box and black-box settings. In addition to the primary objective of reversing the predictions for masked objects and backgrounds, our investigation reveals the potential to generate any desired mask through adversarial attacks. The experimental results indicate that COSM demonstrates weak robustness, rendering it vulnerable to adversarial example attacks. In the realm of COS, the projected gradient descent (PGD) attack method exhibits superior attack capabilities compared to the fast gradient sign (FGSM) method in both white-box and black-box settings. These findings reduce the security risks in the application of COSM and pave the way for multiple applications of COSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of deep learning, the attention mechanism, as a technology that mimics human perception and attention processes, has made remarkable achievements. The current methods combine a channel attention mechanism and a spatial attention mechanism in a parallel or cascaded manner to enhance the model representational competence, but they do not fully consider the interaction between spatial and channel information. This paper proposes a method in which a space embedded channel module and a channel embedded space module are cascaded to enhance the model's representational competence. First, in the space embedded channel module, to enhance the representational competence of the region of interest in different spatial dimensions, the input tensor is split into horizontal and vertical branches according to spatial dimensions to alleviate the loss of position information when performing 2D pooling. To smoothly process the features and highlight the local features, four branches are obtained through global maximum and average pooling, and the features are aggregated by different pooling methods to obtain two feature tensors with different pooling methods. To enable the output horizontal and vertical feature tensors to focus on different pooling features simultaneously, the two feature tensors are segmented and dimensionally transposed according to spatial dimensions, and the features are later aggregated along the spatial direction. Then, in the channel embedded space module, for the problem of no cross-channel connection between groups in grouped convolution and for which the parameters are large, this paper uses adaptive grouped banded matrices. Based on the banded matrices utilizing the mapping relationship that exists between the number of channels and the size of the convolution kernels, the convolution kernel size is adaptively computed to achieve adaptive cross-channel interaction, enhancing the correlation between the channel dimensions while ensuring that the spatial dimensions remain unchanged. Finally, the output horizontal and vertical weights are used as attention weights. In the experiment, the attention mechanism module proposed in this paper is embedded into the MobileNetV2 and ResNet networks at different depths, and extensive experiments are conducted on the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and STL-10 datasets. The results show that the method in this paper captures and utilizes the features of the input data more effectively than the other methods, significantly improving the classification accuracy. Despite the introduction of an additional computational burden (0.5 M), however, the overall performance of the model still achieves the best results when the computational overhead is comprehensively considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keyframe extraction can effectively help users quickly understand video content. Generally, keyframes should be representative of the video content and simultaneously be diverse to reduce redundancy. Aiming to find the features of frames and filter out representative frames of the video, we propose a method of keyframe recommendation based on feature intercross and fusion (KFRFIF). The method is inspired by the implied relations between keyframe-extraction problem and recommendation problem. First, we investigate the application of a recommendation framework to the keyframe extraction problem. Second, the architecture of the proposed KFRFIF is put forward. Then, an algorithm for extracting intra-frame image features based on the combination of multiple image descriptors is proposed. An algorithm for extracting inter-frame distance features based on the combination of multiple distance calculation methods is designed. Moreover, A recommendation model based on feature intercross and fusion is put forward. An ablation study is further performed to verify the effectiveness of the submodule. Ultimately, the experimental results on four datasets with five outstanding approaches indicate the superior performance of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the status of the sugar industry in China, especially the production of sugarcane, sugarbeet and sugar, as well as achievements in sugarcane breeding, farming technology exploitation and value chain-added by-product development. In recent years, China has planted about 1.6–1.8 Mha of sugar crops and produces about 9–11 MT of sugar, with about 85–91% from sugarcane. Guangxi is an enormous cane and sugar producer, which provides about 60–70% of the total sugar in the country. The production of sugarcane and cane sugar decreased dramatically in the recent two milling seasons, especially in Guangxi, because of continuous severe drought during the fast-growing season, leading to a considerable decline in cane sugar and total sugar production. However, beet sugar production recovered to the level 10 years ago. The sugarcane-planting area is relatively more stable, especially in Guangxi, than sugarbeet production. The sugar recovery has been improved in recent years because of the dramatic progress in sugarcane breeding and new technology development. At present, the elite sugarcane varieties GT42 and GL05136 occupied 28.66% and 28.48%, respectively, of the total sugarcane-growing area in China in 2023, and other main sugarcane varieties, i.e. GT44, GT46, GT49, GT55, GT58, YT93-159, YT55, YZ05-51, YZ08-1609, etc. The domestic breeding sugarcane varieties occupied over 95% of the total sugarcane-growing area in 2023; among them, more than 80% were bred in Guangxi, and GT varieties covered the more extensive sugarcane-planting area in China. For sugarcane production, drought is still the most important abiotic limit. At the same time, smut and borer continue to be the most critical biotic constraints, production cost needs to be lowered, and machine harvest is not popular. The R&D priorities for sustainable sugarcane production in China include creating elite parents by utilizing wild germplasm, breeding high-yield, high-sugar, highly resistant and nitrogen-efficient sugarcane varieties with strong ratoon ability by conventional and biotechnological approaches, promoting the commercial supply of healthy seedcane for millable cane production, and developing mechanical operation for field management, especially for harvest, and applying low-cost and efficient cultivation technologies for sugarcane production, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sugar industry is important for the economic development in China. Guangxi province is the largest sugar producer with over 60% of the total sugarcane cultivating area in the country. Research, development, and industrialization on the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of sugarcane as a raw material will increase in the coming years. This article provides an overview of the development of diversified sugarcane deep processing, focusing on the current research development with special reference to the production of sugarcane wine, vinegar, sugarcane cell water, white sugar, and fructooligosaccharides in China, especially in Guangxi. The aim is to promote the second entrepreneurship of the sugar industry, upgrade the industrial chain, and provide advanced technologies to upgrade the quality and efficiency of the industry and achieve sustainable and healthy socioeconomic development in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impulse waves induced by large-reservoir landslides can be characterized by a low Froude number. However, systematic research on predictive models specifically targeting the initial primary wave is lacking. Taking the Shuipingzi 1# landslide that occurred in the Baihetan Reservoir area of the Jinsha River in China as an engineering example, this study established a large-scale physical model (with dimensions of 30 m × 29 m × 3.5 m at a scale of 1:150) and conducted scaled experiments on 3D landslide-induced impulse waves. During the process in which a sliding mass displaced and compressed a body of water to generate waves, the maximum initial wave amplitude was found to be positively correlated with the sliding velocity and the volume of the landslide. With the increase in the water depth, the wave amplitude initially increased and then decreased. The duration of pressure exertion by the sliding mass at its maximum velocity directly correlated with an elevated wave amplitude. Based on the theories of low-amplitude waves and energy conservation, while considering the energy conversion efficiency, a predictive model for the initial wave amplitude was derived. This model could fit and validate the functions of wavelength and wave velocity. The accuracy of the initial wave amplitude was verified using physical experiment data, with a prediction accuracy for the maximum initial wave amplitude reaching 90%. The conversion efficiency (η) directly determined the accuracy of the estimation formula. Under clear conditions for landslide-induced impulse wave generation, estimating the value of η through analogy cases was feasible. This study has derived the landslide-induced impulse waves amplitude prediction formula from the standpoints of wave theory and energy conservation, with greater consideration given to the intrinsic characteristics in the formation process of landslide-induced impulse waves, thereby enhancing the applicability and extensibility of the formula. This can facilitate the development of empirical estimation methods for landslide-induced impulse waves toward universality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the protective role of Mzb1 in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. To explore the impact of Mzb1, we analyzed Mzb1 expression, assessed apoptosis, and evaluated mitochondrial function in atherosclerosis (AS) mouse models and human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs). We observed a significant decrease in Mzb1 expression in AS mouse models and ox-LDL-treated HVSMCs. Downregulation of Mzb1 increased ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and cholesterol levels of HVSMCs, while Mzb1 overexpression alleviated these effect. Mzb1 was found to enhance mitochondrial function, as evidenced by restored ATP synthesis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced mtROS production. Moreover, Mzb1 overexpression attenuated atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in ApoE−/− mice. Our findings suggest that Mzb1 overexpression regulates the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, leading to the attenuation of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. This study provides compelling evidence for the protective effect of Mzb1 on atherosclerotic plaques by alleviating apoptosis and modulating mitochondrial function in ApoE−/− mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to explore the therapeutic effect of Stefin B on gouty arthritis (GA) and the polarization of macrophages in mice. Stefin B-overexpressed or knockdown M0 macrophages were constructed. The GA model was established in mice by injecting 25 mg/mL MSU, followed by a single injecting of Stefin B-overexpressing adenovirus vector (GA model + Stefin B OE) or an empty vector (GA model + Stefin B OE NC). Stefin B was found lowly expressed in M1 macrophages. CD206 was markedly upregulated and IL-10 release was signally increased in Stefin B-overexpressed macrophages. In gouty arthritis mice, marked redness and swelling were observed in the ankle joint. Dramatical infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in the GA model and GA model + Stefin B OE NC groups, which was suppressed in the Stefin B OE group. Increased proportion of F4/80+CD86+ cells observed in GA mice was markedly repressed by Stefin B overexpression, accompanied by the declined level of Caspase-1 and IL-17. Collectively, Stefin B alleviated the GA in mice by inducing the M2 polarization of macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrothermal polymer artificial muscle has drawn great attention because of its unique structure for imitating the functions of natural muscles with the external thermal stimulus. Herein, we develop a thermal responsible twisted and coiled polymer fiber-based artificial muscle. In brief, the polyethylene fibers and silver-plated nylon wire are prepared; these types of fibers are twisted causing coil nucleation and ultimately nucleation of supercoils to obtain novel parallel-stranded spiral structure of artificial muscle (PE@SPN fiber artificial muscle). The excellent electrothermal property of silver-plated nylon wire contributed to the superior performance of the actuator compared to nickel wire and copper wire. The composite yarn actuator generates contractile strokes of up to 11% under 2.5 Mpa tension and outputs 140 J/kg energy density; the composite yarn actuator can work at ambient temperature about to 50 ℃ with high contractile stroke and long-term stability. In contrast to previous fiber actuators based on PA6 fishing line and sewing thread, which are normally operated at 100 ℃, the actuator based on PE@SPN fiber artificial muscle is operated at a temperature of about 50 ℃. Meanwhile, a bionic elbow joint is designed and driven by the actuator based on polyethylene fiber. We successfully demonstrate the flexion/extension of finger by using the actuation of PE@SPN fiber artificial muscle. The results of experiments show that the promise as a soft actuator towards prosthetics, wearable robot, and power-assisted device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate whether protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can improve the diagnostic and differential diagnostic accuracy of childhood hepatic tumors. Methods: A multi-center prospective observational study was performed at nine regional institutions around China. Children with hepatic mass (Group T) were divided into hepatoblastoma group (Group THB) and hemangioendothelioma group (Group THE), children with extrahepatic abdominal mass (Group C). Peripheral blood was collected from each patient prior to surgery or chemotherapy. The area under the curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of PIVKA-II and the combined tumor markers with AFP. Results: The mean levels of PIVKA-II and AFP were both significantly higher in Group T than Group C (p = 0.001, p < 0.001), in Group THB than Group THE (p = 0.018, p = 0.013) and in advanced HB than non-advanced HB (p = 0.001, p = 0.021). For the diagnosis of childhood hepatic tumors, AUROC of PIVKA-II (cut-off value 32.6 mAU/mL) and AFP (cut-off value 120 ng/mL) was 0.867 and 0.857. The differential diagnostic value of PIVKA-II and AFP in hepatoblastoma from hemangioendothelioma was further assessed, AUROC of PIVKA-II (cut-off value 47.1mAU/mL) and AFP (cut-off value 560 ng/mL) was 0.876 and 0.743. The combined markers showed higher AUROC (0.891, 0.895 respectively) than PIVKA-II or AFP alone. Conclusions: The serum level of PIVKA-II was significantly higher in children with hepatic tumors, especially those with malignant tumors. The combination of PIVKA-II with AFP further increased the diagnostic performance. Trial registration: Clinical Trials, NCT03645655. Registered 20 August 2018, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03645655. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electrochemical method is presented for ultrasensitive detection of the organophosphate pesticide (OPP) fenitrothion by using Ti3C2 MXene/CoAl-LDH nanocomposite as the electrode modifier. The Ti3C2 MXene/CoAl-LDH nanocomposite is synthesized by growing CoAl-LDH in situ on MXene nanosheets. The combination of two ultrathin 2D materials provides more active sites, larger specific surface area, superior adsorption properties, and better electrical conductivity, which leads to rapid electron-transfer and mass-transfer between the substrate electrode and analytes when it is acted as the electrochemical sensing material. In addition, through the chelation of phosphate groups with the Ti defect sites enriched in MXene, OPP is adsorbed on the electrode. Consequently, the corresponding modified electrode gives rise to a wide linear response range of 0.03 ~ 120 μmol/L for the differential pulse voltammetry detection of fenitrothion with a low detection limit of 5.8 nmol/L (3σ). The method offers good repeatability, stability, selectivity, and practicability for real samples. This strategy provides a reference platform for the electrochemical monitoring of trace OPPs residue by using MXene/LDH-based nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An approach to estimating the dynamic characteristic of one-dimensional orthorhombic quasicrystal sector plates with various boundary conditions is presented. These investigated structures have an arbitrary angle span, and the constituent materials of these models possess a certain porosity distribution. The Green–Naghdi generalized thermoelastic equations have been applied to the sector plates in a thermal environment to obtain an explicit expression, from which the heat fluxes equation can be converted into a state equation. The state-space method is conducted in basic equations of phason and phonon fields to capture governing equations of the structures along the r-direction. Fourier series expansions are utilized to control the span of the sector plates, subject to simply supported boundary conditions along the circumferential direction. Meanwhile, the remaining boundary conditions are treated by differential quadrature technique. The global propagator matrix is proposed to overcome the numerical instabilities caused by high-order frequency and large discrete points. Numerical examples show that each order frequency follows an increasing pattern from small to large with the increase of fixed boundary conditions. The changes in angular span can cause variations in stiffness, leading to alterations in structural stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The double-opposing Z-plasty is a fundamental approach for cleft palate repair. Recently, some surgeons have begun implementing a single Z-Plasty, igniting discussions on the most effective technique for enhancing postoperative outcomes. Consequently, this study sought to evaluate the outcomes of employing single and double Z-plasties within the modified Sommerlad–Furlow technique. Methods: 116 cleft palate patients undergoing primary surgical repair were divided into two groups: those treated with the Sommerlad–Furlow method using a double-opposing Z-plasty (S.F.2.Z.P. group, n = 58) and those receiving a single nasal Z-plasty (S.F.1.Z.P. group, n = 58). Data on cleft type and width, soft palate length, palatal fistula, and velopharyngeal function were collected. Mann–Whitney test compared the mean values between groups. Results: The S.F.2ZP group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in soft palate length compared to those in the S.F.1ZP group (p = 0.008). However, the S.F.1ZP group demonstrated adequate soft palate length (7.9 ± 2.8 mm) compared to the S.F.2ZP group (9.3 ± 2.8 mm). The velopharyngeal function was good in both groups, with no significant differences (P = 0.52). While the proper velopharyngeal closure was 81% in the S.F.1ZP group and 87.9% in the S.F.2ZP group, velopharyngeal insufficiency was 10.3% and 5.2%, respectively. The rates of persistent palatal fistula were 5.2% in the S.F.1ZP group and 3.4% in the S.F.2ZP group, with no significant differences found between both groups (P = 0.64). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in crucial outcomes such as velopharyngeal function and the incidence of persistent palatal fistulas, indicating the effectiveness of both techniques. While the double-opposing Z-plasty demonstrated a statistically significant increase in soft palate length, the a nasal Z-plasty demonstrated adequate soft palate length which sufficiently enables effective velopharyngeal closure. These outcomes suggest that a single Z-plasty is both effective and easy to perform, making it a valuable surgical approach for achieving the desired outcomes.. Clinical relevance: The current study suggests that although the soft palate may not be as elongated with nasal Z-plasty alone compared to the double Z-plasty, it sufficiently enables effective velopharyngeal closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Probiotics can serve as immunomodulators that regulate the activation of immune cells. This study aimed to screen potential probiotic strains that can enhance NK cell toxicity to improve host immunity. Methods: In this investigation, we examined three potential probiotic strains, namely Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YZX21 (YZX21), Bifidobacterium bifidum FL-276.1 (FL-276.1) and Lacticaseibacillus casei K11 (K11), to assess their capacity in modulating NK cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, while elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. Results: The findings demonstrated that K11 exhibited superior efficacy in enhancing NK cytotoxicity. Subsequent analysis revealed that K11 significantly augmented the secretion of perforin and granzyme B by NK cells through activation of receptors NKp30 and NKp46 via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Furthermore, heat-inactivated K11 also enhanced NK cell activity to an extent comparable to live bacteria, with lipoteichoic acid from K11 identified as a crucial factor mediating the activation of NK cell cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Our study suggests that K11 may have potential applications as probiotics or postbiotics for regulating NK cell cytotoxicity to enhance immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biological visual systems have evolved to process natural scenes. A full understanding of visual cortical functions requires a comprehensive characterization of how neuronal populations in each visual area encode natural scenes. Here, we utilized widefield calcium imaging to record V4 cortical response to tens of thousands of natural images in male macaques. Using this large dataset, we developed a deep-learning digital twin of V4 that allowed us to map the natural image preferences of the neural population at 100-µm scale. This detailed map revealed a diverse set of functional domains in V4, each encoding distinct natural image features. We validated these model predictions using additional widefield imaging and single-cell resolution two-photon imaging. Feature attribution analysis revealed that these domains lie along a continuum from preferring spatially localized shape features to preferring spatially dispersed surface features. These results provide insights into the organizing principles that govern natural scene encoding in V4. How natural scenes are represented by the neuronal populations of a specific visual area such as V4 remain not fully understood. The authors produced a dataset of widefield calcium imaging of macaque V4 responses to a large set of natural images, and used deep learning techniques to elucidate how natural image features are encoded and topologically organized in V4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating the overlap between two states is an important task with several applications in quantum information. However, the typical swap test circuit can only measure a sole pair of quantum states at a time. In this study, a recursive quantum circuit is designed to measure overlaps of n quantum states | ϕ 1 〉 , | ϕ 2 〉 , ... | ϕ n 〉 concurrently with O (k 2 k) controlled-swap(CSWAP) gates and O (k) ancillary qubits, where k = ⌈ log n ⌉ . All pairwise overlaps among input quantum states | 〈 ϕ i | ϕ j 〉 | 2 can be obtained in this circuit. Compared with existing scheme for measuring the overlap of multiple quantum states, the circuit provides higher precision and less consumption of ancillary qubits. In addition, some simulation experiments are performed on IBM quantum cloud platform to verify the superiority of this algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fourth energy revolution is characterized by the incorporation of renewable energy supplies into intelligent networks. As the world is shifting towards cleaner energy sources, there is a need for efficient and reliable methods to predict the output of renewable energy plants. Hybrid machine learning modified models are emerging as a promising solution for energy generation prediction. Renewable energy generation plants, such as solar, biogas, hydropower plants, wind farms, etc. are becoming increasingly popular due to their environmental benefits. However, their output can be highly variable and dependent on weather conditions, making integrating them into the existing energy grid challenging. Smart grids with artificial intelligent systems have the potential to solve this challenge by using real-time data to optimize energy production and distribution. Although by incorporating sensors, analytics, and automation, these grids can manage energy demand and supply more efficiently, reducing carbon emissions, increase energy security, and improve access to electricity in remote areas. However, this research aims to enhance the efficiency of solar power generation systems in a smart grid context using machine learning hybrid models such as Hybrid Convolutional-Recurrence Net (HCRN), Hybrid Convolutional-LSTM Net (HCLN), and Hybrid Convolutional-GRU Net (HCGRN). For this purpose, this study considers various parameters of a solar plant such as power production (MWh), irradiance or plane of array (POA), and performance ratio (PR). The HCLN model demonstrates superior accuracy with the RMSE values of 0.012027 for MWh, 0.013734 for POA and 0.003055 for PR, along with the lowest MAE values of 0.069523 for MWh, 0.082813 for POA, and 0.042815 for PR. The obtained results suggest that the proposed machine learning models can effectively enhance the efficiency of solar power generation systems by accurately predicting the required measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]