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This study aims to test the hypothesis that disease duration may affect the response to generic tofacitinib (TOF) and investigate the influence of concomitant medications with TOF on elderly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study retrospectively collected 76 elderly patients (age > 60) treated with TOF from 2019 to 2023 and grouped them according to age of disease onset. Data were collected from baseline to the last follow-up visit within 24 months. The demographic characteristics and follow-up results were compared. TOF retention and the effect of concomitant drugs (methotrexate, MTX, prednisone) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier plots and COX regression analysis. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to explore the correlation among demographic characteristics, medication regimen, and improved clinical outcomes. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients achieving low disease activity (LDA) between different disease duration groups. Patients in the group of MTX had a shorter time of using TOF in follow-up (log-rank p = 0.041). Prednisone dosage at baseline had a predictive value for functionally disabled situation. We found significant associations between discontinuation of TOF in the last follow-up and getting LDA. A total result of CCA yielded a significant positive correlation with set 1 (demographic characteristics and medication regimen) and set 2 (improved clinical outcomes) (canonical coefficient = 0.887, p < 0.001). Disease duration may not affect response to generic TOF and medication regimen was the factor related to efficacy of generic TOF in elderly RA in the real world. Demographic characteristics and medication regimen were correlated positively with improved clinical outcomes. Key Points • There is scarce data from the western area of China regarding the use of tofacitinib in elderly rheumatoid arthritis patients, despite widespread use. • In this retrospective analysis of 76 elderly patients at a single center, we found disease duration may not affect response to generic TOF. • Concomitant MTX might contribute to better control of the disease activity. • Concomitant prednisone dosage at baseline was the independent risk factor for functionally disabled situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China strives to balance rapid urbanization with environmental conservation, increasing attention is being paid to the pursuit of green production efficiency (GPE) in the real estate industry. The undesirable super-SBM model was used to calculate the GPE of China's real estate industry from 2001 to 2020. Additionally, GPE spatial distribution characteristics in China's real estate industry were analyzed using the standard deviation ellipse (SDE), Moran's index, Theil index, random kernel density estimation (RKDA), and spatial Markov chain (SMC) methods. The GPE exhibited a U-shaped trend, with 2008 as the inflection point, first decreasing and then increasing. It reached a maximum value of 0.747 in 2020. The Theil index increased from 0.043 to 0.121 nationwide, indicating the overall characteristics of low-level slow growth, and imbalance. Discrepancies in input–output scales, the southward shift of economic centers, and population movements contribute significantly to the disparities between the east and west, north and south, and regions divided by the Hu Huanyong Line (Hu Line). The GPE exhibited club convergence characteristics; however, polarization phenomena exist in local areas. Spatial spillover effects were also observed in GPE. Finally, we provide recommendations for promoting green development in the real estate industry, including green building technology, fiscal subsidy investment, and population migration management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytokines and growth factors contribute to nerve growth and angiogenesis and are associated with the development of vascular disease. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was designed to examine the causal relationship between factors associated with stem cell paracrine mechanisms and with stroke and its subtypes. We used pooled statistics on cytokine levels from three studies (INTERIAL, Olink Proseek CVD array, and KORA) encompassing 7795 participants in Europe. Data for stroke and its subtypes were pooled from these European populations (40,585 cases and 406,111 controls) in a multiprogenitor genome-wide association study (GWAS). MR was performed using established analytical methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger. Genetically determined high IGF-1 levels were found to associate negatively with risk of stroke, ischemic stroke (large-artery atherosclerosis), and ischemic stroke (cardiogenic embolism). Meanwhile, high IL-13 levels had a positive causal relationship with ischemic stroke (large-artery atherosclerosis). An additional 27 cytokines were found to have a causal association with stroke or its subtypes. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given that the power efficacy was <80%. This MR study supports the concept of a causal relationship of 29 cytokines with stroke or its subtypes. Our genetic analysis provides new insights into stroke prevention and treatment by demonstrating an association of stem cell paracrine-related cytokines with stroke risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exfoliation corrosion (EFC) on extruded Mg-4Li-1Ca alloys as bone implant materials has not been reported. This study aimed to elucidate the degradation mechanism of a corrosion type-exfoliation occurred on an extruded Mg-4Li-1Ca alloy under the interaction of glucose (Glu) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Hank's solution. The alloy microstructure, chemical composition, texture, stress distribution and Volta potential maps were characterized using metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction, and scanning Kelvin Probe. The alloy corrosion behavior was investigated via electrochemical testing and hydrogen evolution rate methods. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and fluorescence microscopy were used to analyze the corrosion products and the adsorption of the organic molecules. The experimental results indicated that the anodic second phase (Mg2Ca) were distributed in lamellar and rod-like patterns along the extrusion direction of the alloy, a lower Volta potential for Mg2Ca, texture and residual stresses also promote EFC. An increase in Glu concentration exacerbated the EFC, whereas BSA inhibited the EFC of the alloy. Higher Glu concentrations in BSA in turn inhibited EFC since Glu can complex with amino acids in proteins to form Glu-amino acid amides, which promoted protein adsorption and thereby forming a dense protective film on the alloy surface. The preferential dissolution of the Mg2Ca phase particles led to the complexation and adsorption of Glu and protein. This study enriches the understanding of the corrosion types in biomedical Mg-4Li-1Ca alloy and paving the way for enhancing the EFC resistance of the alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a prevalent mental illness that imposes a substantial public health burden. However, the diverse clinical phenotypes observed in patients make it difficult to realize precise diagnosis. Recently, accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested that inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Herein, a molecular imaging–based strategy was proposed as a means to diagnose depression precisely by specifically visualizing the inflammation status associated with depression. Inflammation-targeting MRI nanoprobes were constructed by attaching an intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-targeting peptide to biocompatible Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Systematic studies demonstrated that the nanoprobes could specifically target inflamed vascular endothelial cells and visualize the spatial distribution of inflammation in the depressed brain in vivo through susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), which was further confirmed by histological analysis. Additionally, these inflammatory brain regions identified by nanoprobe-based imaging are consistent with the focal regions closely associated with the symptoms of depression as reported in previous behavioral studies. Overall, this is the first study to directly visualize the distribution of inflammation in the depressed brain in vivo through a molecular imaging strategy, which may not only facilitate insight into the biological mechanism underlying depression but also provide a potential target within the depressed brain for the further development of anti-inflammatory therapies. A molecular imaging-based strategy was proposed for precise diagnosing the depression through specifically visualizing the inflammation status associated with depressed brain. The inflammation-targeting MRI nanoprobe that can specifically target the inflamed vascular endothelial cells was constructed through attaching the ICAM-1 targeting peptides on biocompatible Fe3O4 nanoparticle. Through nanoprobe-based SWI, the spatial distribution of inflammation in depressed brain can be mapped in vivo. This strategy not only facilitate insight into the biological mechanism underlying depression, but also provide a target within the depressed brain for the further development of anti-inflammatory therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than half of stroke patients experience sensory dysfunction that affects their quality of life. Previous training modalities are ineffective in improving sensory function. In contrast, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a new promising intervention for stroke rehabilitation. The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the current effectiveness of NIBS in the treatment of post-stroke sensory dysfunction. Articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese scientific journals full-text database (VIP), and Wanfang database from the inception to March 8, 2023 were searched. There were no restrictions on language. A total of 14 RCTs were included (combined n = 804). Moderate-quality evidence suggested that NIBS significantly improved sensory function after stroke, and significant effects were observed up to 1 year after the intervention. In subgroup analysis, treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was significantly more effective than controls for recovery of sensory function in stroke patients. Stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1) or M1 + S1 stimulation sites significantly improved sensory function. NIBS for sensory dysfunction showed significant therapeutic potential in patients with different stages of stroke. No significant effects were observed in subjects with less than 10 NIBS stimulations. Significant therapeutic effects were observed with either high-frequency or low-frequency rTMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Heilongjiang brown frog (Rana amurensis) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In particular, the oviduct and skin have been developed into various health products. However, limited numbers of complete genomes of amphibian species have been reported, excluding the Heilongjiang brown frog. Here, the transcriptomes of 45 samples from the liver, spleen, heart, ovaries, thigh muscles, skin, oviduct, stomach and intestine of five Heilongjiang brown frog were reassembled and analyzed. A total of 1,085,532 unigenes with an average length of 676.6 bp and N50 of 722 bp were obtained. Comparative transcriptomics of different tissues detected tissue-specific expression. There were 3248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ovary, and the number of unique DEGs between the ovary and spleen was the largest. The results of DEGs enrichment showed there were many pathways and items related to protein synthesis and metabolism in the oviduct. The DEGs of the skin were enriched with many bacterial defense items, indicating that there were a large number of antimicrobial peptides in the skin. Thus, these were suitable as biological sources for the development and extraction of antimicrobial peptides. Through the assembly of transcriptome sequencing data and functional annotation of the Heilongjiang brown frog genome, this study provides reference materials for further exploring and utilizing functional gene resources of frogs and lays a foundation for medical research and the development of new products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new compound, named 7-O-(4-β-glucopyranosyloxy-3-hydroxybenzoyl)secologanol (1), together with twelve known compounds (2–13), were isolated from the whole plants of Gentiana urnula Harry Sm. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we demonstrated a novel approach of corrosion protection based on the fabrication of polyelectrolyte/SiO2 nanoparticles multilayers on magnesium alloys. The original multilayers based merely on electrostatic attraction showed porous morphology and weak anti-corrosion protection for the Mg substrate. However, the heat-treatment process would change the microstructures of the multilayers through the cross-linking between the polyelectrolytes and the capping agents of the nanoparticles, and the barrier effects of the coating could be confirmed by polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Thus the heat treatment would be an applicable option for preparing the layer-by-layer assembled anti-corrosive multilayers on biomedical Mg alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydrothermal deposition method was utilized to fabricate Ca-P composite coating induced by the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled polyvinylpyrrolidone/deoxyribonucleic acid (PVP/DNA)20 multilayer on AZ31 alloy. The surface morphology and compositions were characterized by SEM, EDS, FTIR and XRD. Besides, the corrosion resistance and degradation behavior of the coating were tested via electrochemical polarization, impedance spectroscopy and immersion measurements. Results show that the main components of Ca-P coatings are hydroxyapatite, Ca3(PO4)2 and Mg3(PO4)2·nH2O. The LbL-assembled DNA and PVP promote the adsorption of Ca-P deposits on the sample surface, and structures and functional groups of the polyelectrolyte in the outermost layer are the primary influencing factor for the induction of the Ca-P coating. Carboxyl groups have the best biomineralization effect among all related functional groups. The enhanced corrosion resistance and adhesion highlight a promising use of (PVP/DNA)20-induced Ca-P coatings in the field of biomedical magnesium alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spalling risk analysis and assessment of fire-loaded concrete structures is an essential part of research on fire-resistant behavior of concrete structures. In this work, the authors developed a stochastic interpolation-based fractal model capable of quickly assessing spalling risk in concrete at high temperatures based on mainly factors affecting explosive spalling. The preliminary grading standard of the factors elected in the study was established based on the data from literature. Test samples were then generated by the stochastic interpolation method according to uniform distribution. A spalling risk diagnosis model was built based on fractal dimension weights. In addition, 10 specimens were assessed with the presented model. The evaluation results obtained by the model in this study were in good agreement with those obtained by the fuzzy pattern recognition approach and coincided well with the actual fire test results. The applicability and reliability of the proposed model were verified and can provide theoretical support for identification of the spalling risk of concrete at elevated temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain dysfunction is a common complication after sepsis and is an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis, which is partly attributed to the dysregulated inflammatory response and oxidative damage. Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle and also has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, yet the protective effects of melatonin on sepsis-induced neurobehavioral dysfunction remain to be elucidated. In the present study, melatonin was administered intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 10 mg/kg for three consecutive days immediately (early treatment) or 7 days (delayed treatment) after sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), followed by an additional treatment in drinking water until the end of behavioral tests. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were determined at the indicated time points. Compared with the CLP + vehicle group, we found that early melatonin treatment resulted in increased survival rate but not improvement in measures of neurobehavioral outcomes, which was accompanied by significantly lower plasma level of IL-1β. Intriguingly, delayed melatonin treatment improved neurobehavioral dysfunction by normalization of hippocampal BDNF and GDNF expressions. In conclusion, our study suggests the beneficial effects of both early and delayed melatonin treatment after sepsis development, which implicates melatonin has a potential therapeutic value in sepsis-associated organ damage including brain dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influence of glucose on corrosion of biomedical Mg-1.35Ca alloy was made using hydrogen evolution, pH and electrochemical polarization in isotonic saline solution. The corrosion morphologies, compositions and structures were probed by virtue of SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD and XPS. Results indicate that the glucose accelerated the corrosion of the alloy. The elemental Ca has no visible effect on the corrosion mechanism of glucose for the Mg-1.35Ca alloy in comparison with pure Mg. In addition, the presence of CO has beneficial effect against corrosion due to the formation of a layer of carbonatecontaining products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biocompatible polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) and polysiloxane hybrid coatings were prepared to improve the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg alloy AZ31. The PEMs, which contained alternating poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), were first self-assembled on the surface of the AZ31 alloy substrate via electrostatic interactions, designated as (PAH/PSS)/AZ31. Then, the (PAH/PSS)/AZ31 samples were dipped into a methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) solution to fabricate the PMTMS films, designated as PMTMS/(PAH/PSS)/AZ31. The surface morphologies, microstructures and chemical compositions of the films were investigated by FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and hydrogen evolution measurements demonstrated that the PMTMS/(PAH/PSS)/AZ31 composite film significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 alloy in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS). The PAH and PSS films effectively improved the deposition of Ca-P compounds including Ca(PO) and hydroxyapatite (HA). Moreover, the corrosion mechanism of the composite coating was discussed. These coatings could be an alternative candidate coating for biodegradable Mg alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal and spatial features of annual average groundwater recharge play an important role in managing groundwater resources. The digital filter technique is employed to separate baseflow from streamflow, and then the recession curve displacement method is applied to estimate the annual average monthly groundwater recharge. The streamflow data of 15 gauging stations are applied to investigate the temporal and spatial features of annual monthly average groundwater recharge in Grand River watershed, Michigan, US. The results show that (1) the annual monthly average groundwater recharge in Grand River watershed gradually drops from 40.82 cm/a in March to 10.50 cm/a in August. In period of September and February of the next year, the annual monthly average groundwater recharge steadily rises to 40.82 cm. The temperatures are the main reason that caused the significantly change of annual monthly average groundwater recharge. (2) The temporal feature of annual seasonal average groundwater recharge obey that 'the annual seasonal average groundwater recharge in spring is the highest and that in summer is the lowest; the annual seasonal average groundwater recharge in winter and autumn are between that in spring and summer'. (3) In spring, summer, and autumn, the annual seasonal average groundwater recharge in upper reaches is less than that in lower reaches. While the annual seasonal average groundwater recharge in north Grand River watershed is higher than that in south, in winter. The characteristics of space distribution of annual seasonal average groundwater recharge are determined by atmospheric wet deposition, temperature, soil types, and vegetation coverage, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The broad class of explosives includes nitro aromatics as well as challenging aliphatic nitro-organics whose detection is important from counter-terrorism and national security perspectives. Here we report a turn-on fluorescent sensor array based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophores as receptors. To achieve a good sensing system with fast response, good sensitivity and low detection limit, three receptors with abundant chemical diversities for target analytes were synthesized. The turn-on response of the individual receptor showed highly variable and cross-reactive analyte-dependent changes in fluorescence. The excellent ability to identify a variety of explosives, especially the challenging aliphatic nitro-organics (2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) and entaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)), was demonstrated in qualitative and quantitative analyses with 100% accuracy. The fluorescence signal amplification in the presence of explosives allows for application of these receptors in a sensor microarray suitable for high-throughput screening. These results suggested that the cross-reactive sensor array based on AIE fluorophores could find a wide range of applications for sensing various analytes or complex mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realgar is a type of mineral drug containing arsenic. The nervous system toxicity of realgar has received extensive attention. However, the underlying mechanisms of realgar-induced neurotoxicity have not been clearly elucidated. To explore the mechanisms that contribute to realgar-induced neurotoxicity, weanling rats were exposed to realgar (0, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 g/kg) for 6 weeks, and cognitive ability was tested using the Morris water maze (MWM) test and object recognition task (ORT). The levels of arsenic in the blood and hippocampus were monitored. The ultrastructures of hippocampal neurons were observed. The levels of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) in the hippocampus and hippocampal CA1 region; the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG); the mRNA and protein expression of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST), and N-methyl- d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors; and the level of intracellular Ca were also investigated. The results indicate that the rats developed deficiencies in cognitive ability after a 6-week exposure to realgar. The arsenic contained in realgar and the arsenic metabolites passed through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulated in the hippocampus, which resulted in the excessive accumulation of Glu in the extracellular space. The excessive accumulation of Glu in the extracellular space induced excitotoxicity, which was shown by enhanced GS and PAG activities, inhibition of GLT-1 mRNA and protein expression, alterations in NMDA receptor mRNA and protein expression, disturbance of intracellular Ca homeostasis, and ultrastructural changes in hippocampal neurons. In conclusion, the findings from our study indicate that exposure to realgar induces excitotoxicity and that the mechanism by which this occurs may be associated with disturbances in Glu metabolism and transportation and alterations in NMDA receptor expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high resolution of DOA(direction of arrival) estimation could be obtained by using the min-norm algorithm. In this paper, the expression of the min-norm spatial spectrum based on acoustic vector-sensor(AVS) linear arrays was presented and simulation study was carried out. Results of simulations indicated that left/right ambiguity could be removed and better performance for DOA estimation was obtainable when dealing with sources close to endfire than using pressure hydrophone linear arrays, and the interelement spacing was allowed to exceed the half-wavelength upper limit. A three-element vector hydrophone linear array with two meters interspace was designed. The AVS experiment was carried out at Songhua Lake in Jinlin Province. Experimental results show a high resolution tracking of targets can be obtained using the min-norm algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of acupoint-injection on vascular dementia. Methods 1 ml of cytidine diphosphocholine was injected into Baihui (GV 20) and Fengchi (GB 20, bilateral) respectively. 234 patients were treated. Results and conclusion: 49 cases were cured, 150 cases got improve, 35 cases had ineffectiveness, the total utility rate was 85.0%, so acupoint-injecting cytidine diphosphocholine is a utility method healing vascular dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treated 36 cases of infantile enuresis by acupuncturing Zuyunganqu (Foot Motor Sensory Area) Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Pishu (BL 20), Weishu (BL 21) and Shenshu (BL 23). After two courses, 29 cases were cured, 5 cases were improvement and 2cases were no effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the factors contributing to Long COVID and its effects on motor and cognitive brain regions using population surveys and brain imaging. The goal is to provide new insights into the neurological effects of the illness and establish a basis for addressing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with Long COVID. Study 1 used a cross-sectional design to collect data on demographic characteristics and factors related to Long COVID symptoms in 551 participants. In Study 2, subjects with Long COVID and SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals underwent fNIRS monitoring while performing various tasks. Study 1 found that gender, age, BMI, Days since the first SARS-CoV-2 infection, and Symptoms at first onset influenced Long COVID performance. Study 2 demonstrated that individuals in the SARS-CoV-2 uninfected group exhibited greater activation of cognitive function-related brain regions than those in the Long COVID group while performing a level walking task. Furthermore, individuals in the Long COVID group without functional impairment displayed higher activation of brain regions associated with motor function during a weight-bearing walking task than those with functional impairment. Among individuals with Long COVID, those with mild symptoms at onset exhibited increased activation of brain regions linked to motor and cognitive function relative to those with moderate symptoms at onset. Individuals with Long COVID exhibited decreased activation in brain regions associated with cognitive and motor function compared to SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals. Moreover, those with more severe initial symptoms or functional impairment displayed heightened inhibition in these brain regions.Graphical Abstract: This research aims to study the factors contributing to Long COVID and its effects on motor and cognitive brain regions using population surveys and brain imaging. The goal is to provide new insights into the neurological effects of the illness and establish a basis for addressing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with Long COVID. Study 1 used a cross-sectional design to collect data on demographic characteristics and factors related to Long COVID symptoms in 551 participants. In Study 2, subjects with Long COVID and SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals underwent fNIRS monitoring while performing various tasks. Study 1 found that gender, age, BMI, Days since the first SARS-CoV-2 infection, and Symptoms at first onset influenced Long COVID performance. Study 2 demonstrated that individuals in the SARS-CoV-2 uninfected group exhibited greater activation of cognitive function-related brain regions than those in the Long COVID group while performing a level walking task. Furthermore, individuals in the Long COVID group without functional impairment displayed higher activation of brain regions associated with motor function during a weight-bearing walking task than those with functional impairment. Among individuals with Long COVID, those with mild symptoms at onset exhibited increased activation of brain regions linked to motor and cognitive function relative to those with moderate symptoms at onset. Individuals with Long COVID exhibited decreased activation in brain regions associated with cognitive and motor function compared to SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals. Moreover, those with more severe initial symptoms or functional impairment displayed heightened inhibition in these brain regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]