Search

The traditional plastic packaging harms the environment, necessitating the need for environmentally friendly alternatives. The plant mediated amalgamation process for copper nanoparticles using Argemone maxicana offers an economically feasible and non-toxic approach. κ-Carrageenan, derived from red seaweeds, serves as an ideal matrix for creating nanocomposite materials. The resultant nanocomposite films have improved thermal stability, elastic properties, water vapour resistance, and UV resistance qualities. With inhibitory zones against S. aureus and E. coli, they also exhibit strong activities against bacteria. Additionally, grapes (12 days) and cottage cheese (7 days) were preserved using these films, and the food's quality was effectively maintained without any additional care. Overall, this method lessens the environmental effect of traditional plastic materials while providing an environmentally acceptable packing for food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new area of biotechnology is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is an emerging field that aims to develope various substances with nano-dimensions that have utilization in the various sectors of pharmaceuticals, bio prospecting, human activities and biomedical applications. An essential stage in the development of nanotechnology is the creation of nanoparticles. To increase their biological uses, eco-friendly material synthesis processes are becoming increasingly important. Recent years have shown a lot of interest in nanostructured materials due to their beneficial and unique characteristics compared to their polycrystalline counterparts. The fascinating performance of nanomaterials in electronics, optics, and photonics has generated a lot of interest. An eco-friendly approach of creating nanoparticles has emerged in order to get around the drawbacks of conventional techniques. Today, a wide range of nanoparticles have been created by employing various microbes, and their potential in numerous cutting-edge technological fields have been investigated. These particles have well-defined chemical compositions, sizes, and morphologies. The green production of nanoparticles mostly uses plants and microbes. Hence, the use of microbial nanotechnology in agriculture and plant science is the main emphasis of this review. The present review highlights the methods of biological synthesis of nanoparticles available with a major focus on microbially synthesized nanoparticles, parameters and biochemistry involved. Further, it takes into account the genetic engineering and synthetic biology involved in microbial nanobiosynthesis to the construction of microbial nanofactories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung malignancy is a major worldwide issue that occurs due to the dysregulation of various growth factors. Lung cancer has no apparent signs in the early stages, which makes it harder to catch it in time and leads to a higher fatality rate. So, the goal of this work was to create and analyze a novel chemical molecule called 4-nitro acetophenone thiosemicarbazone (4-NAPTSc) against the lung cancer cell line A549 and human non-tumorigenic lung epithelial cell line BAES-2B. The ligand was synthesized by refluxing the reaction mixture of 4-nitro acetophenone and thiosemicarbazide and was further characterized by UV, FTIR, and 1H and 13C NMR and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Cytotoxicity assay/MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl))2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the compound. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) were chosen as the target proteins for molecular docking to find potential ligand binding sites and inhibit their function. A novel yellow-colored crystalline solid has been synthesized. 4-NAPTSc had an IC50 of 2.93 μg/mL against the A549 lung cancer cells. When the dosage is increased from 5 to 15 μg/mL along with time, the cell viability falls. Docking results showed that the compound binds with the targeted proteins' amino acid residues, and the likeness profile of the compound is also favorable. This study reveals that the compound has the potential for further investigation and can be used in multitargeted cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, the biodiesel form non-edible seed oil of Calotropis procera has been synthesized. Biodiesel is a renewable and cost effective alternate of fossil fuel commonly used. For transesterification of oil we have used Copper oxide nanoparticles as catalyst. CuO nanoparticles were created using the latex of Calotropis procera. The vernacular name of this plant is giant milkweed. This a shrub that grow in the spring season every year, having spiritual as well as medical uses, cannot be eaten. The CuO nanoparticle production was successfully verified by UV-visible spectroscopy, with noticeable peak obtained on 271 nm. Synthesised CuO nanoparticles showed a variety of functional groups, including O-H stretching vibrations, -NH2 bending vibrations, and Cu-O stretching vibrations, according to FTIR analyses. CuO nanoparticles were shown to be spherical in form by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures, with average diameters of 46.87 nm, 35.41 nm, and 25.46 nm corresponding to Cu(a), Cu(b), and Cu(c) samples. TEM supported dispersion of CuO nanoparticles. The study also examined the spectral analysis using FTIR of Calotropis procera seed's oil and found discrete absorption bands that corresponded to various oil constituents, such as alcoholic groups, methylene groups, alkene groups, and aromatic groups. For ascertaining the quality of Calotropis procera oil, synthesized biodiesel and different fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) present, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used. Outcomes demonstrate that biodiesel generated using CuO nanoparticles as a catalyst complied with numerous ASTM and other international criteria for fuel characteristics. The study also analysed the catalyst's potential for reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of nanotechnology has the mysterious capacity to reform every subject it touches. Nanotechnology advancements have already altered a variety of scientific and industrial fields. Nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm (nm) are of great scientific and commercial interest. Their functions and characteristics differ significantly from those of bulk metal. Commercial quantities of NPs are synthesized using chemical or physical methods. The use of the physical and chemical approaches remained popular for many years; however, the recognition of their hazardous effects on human well-being and conditions influenced serious world perspectives for the researchers. There is a growing need in this field for simple, non-toxic, clean, and environmentally safe nanoparticle production methods to reduce environmental impact and waste and increase energy productivity. Microbial nanotechnology is relatively a new field. Using various microorganisms, a wide range of nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, morphology, and size have been synthesized, and their applications in a wide range of cutting-edge technological areas have been investigated. Green synthesis of the nanoparticles is cost-efficient and requires low maintenance. The present review highlights the synthesis of the nanoparticles by different microbes, their characterization, and their biotechnological potential. It further deals with the applications in biomedical, food, and textile industries as well as its role in biosensing, waste recycling, and biofuel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid solution of Barium Zirconium titanate [NiFe2O4; NF] and [BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3; BZT] and nickel ferrite with different mol% fractions of x(NiFe2O4)-(1−x)BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 (where x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) (abbreviated as NB-0.03, NB-0.05, NB-0.07, NB-0.1, NB-0.2, NB-0.3, NB-0.4) was synthesized via a cost effective solid-state technique. Phase identification and basic structural symmetry of the samples were determined by analyzing powder X-ray diffraction data. It reveals that the samples have a tetragonal structure along with the cubic spinel ferrite phase. The diffraction peaks shifted slightly to the side of greater angle side and average crystallite size was computed by Scherer’s formula in range of 26–29 nm. Since ferrite’s compositional fluctuation is less than 1% for the compositions (x = 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4), the overall crystal phase is dominated by perovskite phase which was further confirmed by room temperature Raman spectra. At room temperature (300 K), the magnetic hysteresis loop measurements also showed a significant improvement in the magnetization of NB-0.40 composite has the maximum observed saturation magnetization = 29.25emu/g and 20.34emu/g at 5 and 300 K, respectively. The calculated magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (Ms), remanence (Mr) and coercivity (Hc), showed increased values for some NiFe2O4 doped BZT samples. Thus, it has been assumed that this sample could be utilized to enhance the magnetoelectric coupling for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that over time results in bone loss and raises the risk of fracture. The condition is frequently silent and only becomes apparent when fractures develop. Osteoporosis is treated with pharmacotherapy as well as non-pharmacological therapies such as mineral supplements, lifestyle changes, and exercise routines. Herbal medicine is frequently used in clinical procedures because of its low risk of adverse effects and cost-effective therapeutic results. In the current review, we have used a thorough strategy to identify some known medicinal plants with anti-osteoporosis capabilities, their origin, active ingredients, and pharmacological information. Furthermore, several signaling pathways, such as the apoptotic pathway, transcription factors, the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway, and others, are regulated by bioactive components and help to improve bone homeostasis. This review will provide a better understanding of the anti-osteoporotic effects of bioactive components and the concomitant modulations of signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy offers various advantages, including ease of access and improved predictability compared to other renewable energy sources in vogue. This energy source is used for a variety of applications, including power generation, desalination, and heating. PV panels are commonly used to generate direct electricity. The acquired solar thermal energy, on the other hand, it can be used to generate electricity indirectly via a medium like a solar tower. PV panels are being utilised for small-scale and off-grid energy generation, and their efficiency is affected by a number of factors such as operating temperature, the material used in their construction and solar irradiation. Also the conversion efficiency of the PV panels reduces as the temperature increases. This paper discusses various cooling approaches that can be used to lower the operating temperature of PV cells. The goal of this review study is to improve the performance of small household PV systems by keeping cell temperatures as low as possible and uniform. The influence of the operating temperature of the cells using various cooling strategies are also discussed along with the electrical efficiency. This study looks at the benefits and drawbacks of passive and active cooling on the operating performance of PV panel.Article Highlights: Efficiency is affected by solar radiation, dust, shading, temperature and humidity. Liquid spraying improves the electrical performance by reducing the temperature. Fins harvest the dissipated heat of panel and increases its conversion efficiency. Phase change material and heat pipes are effective passive heat control technologies. For greater energy transmission and faster cooling, active methods are preferable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, anaerobic hybrid membrane bioreactor (An-HMBR) was operated for the treatment of synthetic leachate combining suspended growth, attached growth system and membrane system integrated in single unit. The treatment efficiency was examined under different ratios of synthetic leachate along with enrichment feed. Ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) removal was limited compared to COD degradation due to anaerobic condition. The aim of the study is to examine nitrogen dynamics in An-HMBR and inhibition effect of NH4-N on the COD removal percentage. The nitrogen loading rate increased from 0.12 to 1.27 kg/m3 day and NH4-N concentration increased from 250 to 2500 mg L−1. The results showed that lower NH4-N concentration does not affect COD removal efficiency, while with increase in NH4-N concentration the COD removal efficiency decreased from 96 to 82%. The process inhibition of ammonia nitrogen was evaluated by Monod, Yano-Koga and Haldane model. Among the inhibition models, Yano-Koga model showed best fit correlation coefficient (R2 0.97) compared to other models. High concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen reduces the COD removal efficiency. Mass balance study shows that accumulation of ammoniacal nitrogen takes place at high leachate concentration. Yano-Koga model describes the specific growth rate very well. The maximum specific growth rate was 0.006 h−1 and substrate inhibition constant was 761. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]