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Vigna trilobata, belonging to the Fabaceae family, has been extensively used in traditional medicine in different societies due to its diverse medicinal attributes and potential therapeutic applications. The current study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of protein extract derived from Vigna trilobata seeds. The extracted seed protein sample was precipitated using the ammonium sulphate method, at 80% concentration. Subsequent analysis of the crude sample was conducted using RP-HPLC (reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography) and LC–MS (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry). The antioxidant assays demonstrated that at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, the maximum percentage of inhibition of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical was found to be 87.88 ± 0.01%. The ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay revealed the most significant scavenging activity (22.69 ± 0.22%) at a concentration of 10 mg/ml of crude protein. Furthermore, the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay identified the highest scavenging activity in the crude protein at a concentration of 25 mg/ml, amounting to 2.344 mol Fe2+/mg. The anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed by the protein denaturation and proteinase inhibition assays. The antibacterial activity of protein extract was also evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, the evaluation of the protein extract of Vigna trilobata shows its potential as a natural health-promoting agent due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. The protein can help in reducing oxidative stress related to chronic diseases. It also helps in alleviating inflammation-linked ailments. Additionally, its antibacterial activity shows that it helps in combating microbial infections. Further analysis and purification of the protein extract could impact the food industry, where the purified proteins could potentially be used as a natural preservative, to improve the longevity and safety of food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A specific knitting structure was developed using bamboo, polypropylene, hollow polyester, and polyester staple fiber yarns on the face and reverse sides of the fabric to study the moisture management characteristics of tri-layer knitted fabrics. The techniques in which each type of material regulates moisture affects how warm or cool it feels. The results indicated that the bamboo (outer), hollow polyester (inner), and hollow polyester (middle) fabrics had a higher ability to regulate moisture, providing a high level of comfort, and are suitable for summer, sporty, and sportswear. The results suggest that the hollow polyester yarn used in the inner and middle layers of the tri-layer knitted fabric exhibit a greater level of the comfort property because of their wide wetting radius, high absorption rates, extended wetting times, and short drying times and quick sweat diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel microwave assisted method is adopted to synthesize MoS2/PANI/MnO2(M/P/M) nanocomposites using various concentration (M/P/M-1, M/P/M-2, M/P/M-3, M/P/M-4 and M/P/M-5) of manganese sulphate monohydrate for the design of supercapacitors. The homogeneity, functional groups and phase purity present in the synthesized M/P/M nanocomposites are determined by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) analysis. XRD results revealed that the crystallite size of the M/P/M nanocompositesas 19–21 nm.HR-TEM images exhibited that the synthesized MoS2/PANI/MnO2 nanocomposites are nanosheet stacked with the spherical shaped particles. The electrochemical behaviour of the M/P/M nanocomposites are studied in aqueous-based electrolytes to determine its superior performances. M/P/M -2 revealed a maximum specific capacitance of 619 F/g in 3 M KOH at 0.5 mA cm− 2 and retained 93.84% of its initial specific capacitance even after 5000 cycles. As a result, M/P/M nanocomposites represent an exciting potential for high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cardiac perforation (CP) is an uncommon but clinically important complication of radiofrequency ablation (RFA). We previously showed that contact-force recovery after a steam pop predicts the absence of CP in an open-chest animal model after pericardial dissection. We attempted to determine whether this also applies when pericardium is present.Methods: In 5 open-chest sheep, left atrial RFA was performed under direct observation with a 7.5F ThermoCool SmartTouch force-sensing catheter (Biosense Webster Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). The catheter's contact force was measured every 50 ms during RFA. After each steam pop, the presence (+) or absence (-) of CP was noted, as well as whether pericardium was present over the ablation site. Contact-force signals were analyzed to detect contact-force recovery. Perforation rates were compared between sites with or without pericardium.Results: Ninety-six steam pops occurred: 77 with pericardium and 19 without. For the pericardial steam pops, contact-force recovery occurred in 31/60 CP- events (52%) and 1/17 CP+ events (6%; P = 0.0006). For nonpericardial steam pops, contact-force recovery occurred in 4/9 CP- events (44%) and 1/10 CP+ events (P = 0.14). The rate of CP was 22% with pericardium and 52% without (P = 0.02). Pericardial tissue charred extensively during steam pop induction, even in the absence of CP.Conclusions: Contact-force recovery predicts the absence of CP during RFA independently of whether the pericardium is present. The presence of the pericardium may decrease the likelihood of perforation, perhaps by acting as a thermal sink. Additional studies are needed to correlate these results with clinical experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) or primary familial brain calcification is a rare genetic condition characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and the presence of bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia, thalami, cerebellum and cerebral subcortical white matter. The syndrome is genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous. Causal mutations have been identified in four genes: SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB and XPR1. A variety of progressive neurological and psychiatric symptoms have been described, including cognitive impairment, movement disorders, bipolar disorder, chronic headaches and migraine, and epilepsy. Here we describe a family with a novel SLC20A2 mutation mainly presenting with neurological symptoms including cortical myoclonus and epilepsy. While epilepsy, although rare, has been reported in patients with IBGC associated with SLC20A2 mutations, cortical myoclonus seems to be a new manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composites of cerium oxide ( $$\hbox {CeO}_{2}$$ ) and magnesium aluminate ( $$\hbox {MgAl}_{2}\hbox {O}_{4}$$ ) were prepared by the molten salt synthesis (MSS) method at 1130 K. The composite samples were named as MA, MAC0.07 and MAC0.14 (at $$\hbox {CeO}_{2}$$ : 0, 0.07 and 0.14 g in $$\hbox {MgAl}_{2}\hbox {O}_{4}$$ , respectively) and these were characterized by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. It is seen that the microstructure of the composite samples are quite similar except for a small increase in particle size. The energy-dispersive X-ray analyses provide the presence of concentration of Ce, Mg, Al and O in the composite. Scanning electron microscope, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX) was used to identify the morphology, microstructure and elemental composition of the prepared samples. The decomposition and dissociation reactions of the precursors were determined using differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A lone pair of the electron state was identified from the electro paramagnetic resonance spectrum. An optical energy band gap of 3.3 eV was calculated from the UV-Vis absorbance spectra. The gas response to changes in oxygen ( $$\hbox {O}_{2}$$ ), carbon monoxide (CO) (at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 bar) and ethanol (at 50 and 100 ppm) was quantitatively analysed in all the samples at different operating temperatures (300-500 K). The magnitude of the temperature varied linearly regardless of the gas pressure inside the chamber, by increasing the supply in the heating pad, mounted below the sensor sample. The composite samples indicate a good response to different gases with detection of the smallest change in gas pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ims/hypothesis: We report a genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in an admixed sample from Mexico City and describe the results of a meta-analysis of this study and another genome-wide scan in a Mexican-American sample from Starr County, TX, USA. The top signals observed in this meta-analysis were followed up in the Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis Consortium (DIAGRAM) and DIAGRAM+ datasets. Methods: We analysed 967 cases and 343 normoglycaemic controls. The samples were genotyped with the Affymetrix Genome-wide Human SNP array 5.0. Associations of genotyped and imputed markers with type 2 diabetes were tested using a missing data likelihood score test. A fixed-effects meta-analysis including 1,804 cases and 780 normoglycaemic controls was carried out by weighting the effect estimates by their inverse variances. Results: In the meta-analysis of the two Hispanic studies, markers showing suggestive associations ( p < 10) were identified in two known diabetes genes, HNF1A and KCNQ1, as well as in several additional regions. Meta-analysis of the two Hispanic studies and the recent DIAGRAM+ dataset identified genome-wide significant signals ( p < 5 × 10) within or near the genes HNF1A and CDKN2A/CDKN2B, as well as suggestive associations in three additional regions, IGF2BP2, KCNQ1 and the previously unreported C14orf70. Conclusions/interpretation: We observed numerous regions with suggestive associations with type 2 diabetes. Some of these signals correspond to regions described in previous studies. However, many of these regions could not be replicated in the DIAGRAM datasets. It is critical to carry out additional studies in Hispanic and American Indian populations, which have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian subcontinent harbours both the human mtDNA macrohaplogroups M and N, of which M is the most prevalent. In this study, we discuss the overall distribution of the various haplogroups and sub-haplogroups of M among the different castes and tribes to understand their diverse pattern with respect to geographical location and linguistic affiliation of the populations. An overview of about 170 studied populations, belonging to four distinct linguistic families and inhabiting different geographic zones, revealed wide diversity of about 22 major haplogroups of M. The tribal populations belonging to the same linguistic family but inhabiting different geographical regions (Dravidian and Austro--Asiatic speakers) exhibited differences in their haplogroup diversity. The northern and southern region castes showed greater diversity than the castes of other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]