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Cancer ranks as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, prompting extensive investigations into factors contributing to its development. Among these factors, genetic variations, known as genotypic polymorphisms, have been identified as significant influencers in the susceptibility to various types of cancer. Recent research has focused on exploring the connection between polymorphisms in the Long Non-coding RNA HOTAIR and cancer risk. However, the results from these studies have been inconsistent, leading to ambiguity and controversy. To address this uncertainty, we conducted a systematic analysis by gathering relevant studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Specifically, we focused on three well-studied polymorphisms within the HOTAIR lncRNA (HOTAIR rs920778 C > T, HOTAIR rs1899663 G > T, HOTAIR rs4759314 A > G) and their association with cancer risk. Our meta-analysis included data from 48 case–control studies involving 42,321 cases and 54,137 controls. The results of our updated meta-analysis revealed a significant correlation between HOTAIR rs1899663 G > T and HOTAIR rs4759314 A > G polymorphisms and overall cancer risk, particularly in the homozygous and recessive genetic models. Subgroup analysis further revealed that these associations were notably pronounced in the Asian population but not observed in the Iranian population. Furthermore, our findings underscore the potential of HOTAIR polymorphisms as diagnostic markers for overall cancer risk, particularly in gynecological cancers, precisely, HOTAIR rs1899663 G > T polymorphism in breast cancer. In conclusion, our systematic analysis provides compelling evidence that Long Non-coding RNA HOTAIR polymorphisms are linked to cancer risk, particularly in certain populations and cancer types, suggesting their potential clinical relevance as diagnostic indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peels of pomegranate fruits were employed in the current work to produce activated carbon (AC) using the high temperature carbonization method. The generated activated carbon using pomegranate peel (AC-PP) powder was discovered to have a layered and porous form as revealed by scanning electron microscopic images. It was discovered that activated carbon had an energy gap (Eg) of 4.454 eV. The photocatalytic experiments performed for the degradation of fast blue dye reveal that after 120 min of UV light irradiation, the AC-PP powder achieve a decolorization rate of 62.9%, respectively. Current was collected through the nickel mesh, and the electrochemical elements in rGO, the principal active component in AC-PP powder, were supported by the mesh. Nickel mesh electrodes were analysed using impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Both AC-PP and AC-PP-rGO electrodes' hydrogen diffusion coefficients were determined to be 1.134 10–4 and 0.0014 cm2 s−1, respectively. Experiments with galvanostatic charge–discharge revealed the produced AC-PP and AC-PP-rGO electrodes' superior capacitance potential, which is useful in the fabrication of supercapacitors. The AC-PP and AC-PP-rGO electrodes have 175.6 and 324.8 F g−1 specific capacitances. These unique impacts can also be assessed by energy storage performance using affordable carbon resources in various applications. These novel results might be used for developing up particular resources for environmental and power storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a convolutional recurrent neural network (ConvRNN) wavelet-based kernel is proposed to improve the time–frequency localization of non-stationary signals. Time–frequency distributions (TFDs) are used to localize the power spectral density components of a signal simultaneously over the time–frequency plane. For various non-stationary signals (NSS) with different features, poor time–frequency resolution is always an inherent problem in all developed TFDs. This is mainly due to inefficient segmentation methods and improper kernel adaptation. In the current work, the fraction Bezier–Bernstein polynomial function is applied to model the NSS, and points of inflection are used for signal segmentation. From the obtained segments, statistical time–frequency features are extracted and fed to a ConvRNN for better time–frequency localization. The ConvRNN employs a convolution computation between input signal features and the proposed Newton–Raphson gradient algorithm (NRGA)-based wavelet function. The optimization of the ConvRNN network is achieved by incorporating a hybrid method that combines the principles of normalized adaptive gradient descent and momentum-based optimization, with an additional normalization step to enhance convergence and stability. The ConvRNN weights are updated in both forward and backward directions (resilient propagation) until a better correlation is achieved between signal segments and the wavelet kernel. It is observed that the proposed ConvRNN NRGA wavelet improves the time–frequency localization when compared with standard TFDs and state-of-the-art methodologies. Furthermore, the proposed ConvRNN model is compared with other CNN and RNN architectures for better practical interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) that is NAD + dependent and essential for metabolism, senescence, and cell survival. SIRT1 is overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer. SIRT1 is a well-known target gene of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and is closely related to ER alpha deacetylation. Transcription factor Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) share sequence homology with ERs in the DNA-binding domain, therefore, the possibility of sharing target genes between them is high. Our current research aims to gain insight into the function of ERRβ in regulating the activity of SIRT1 during the progression of breast cancer. ER-positive (ER + ve) breast cancer cells and tissues had considerably enhanced SIRT1 expression. Six potential ERRE sites were identified by analysis of the 5' upstream region of SIRT1, and both in vitro and in vivo experiments supported their presence. We found SIRT1 to be up-regulated in ERRβ overexpressed ER + ve breast cancer cells. Furthermore, our findings suggested that ectopic production of ERR and PCAF would increase SIRT1 activity. Our findings also indicated that ectopic production of ERRβ and PCAF increased SIRT1 activity. With sufficient evidence demonstrating the substantial involvement of SIRT1 in cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation capability, we were also able to illustrate the tumorigenic role of SIRT1. Overall, our findings highlight SIRT1's tumorigenic influence on breast cancer and suggest that SIRT1 inhibitors might serve as potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypyrrole has gained more attention in conducting polymer science due to its ease of preparation and many advantages. In this article, by chemical oxidation method, three different polypyrroles were prepared using ferric chloride as an oxidant, including surfactant and natural directing agent, and named the samples PPY-1, PPY-2, and PPY-3. XRD, XPS, EDX, FT-IR, SEM, and electrical conductivity was used to characterize the synthesized polypyrrole. XRD confirms that the prepared samples were polypyrrole by showing peaks in the range of 20°–23°. SEM analysis shows that the sizes are between 120 and 180 nm. The present research work is a modest attempt to demonstrate for the first-time detection of hazardous gas using natural directing agent during polypyrrole synthesis. The prepared samples were used for the sensing of butane. PPY-2 shows a high electrical conductivity of 14 × 10–3 S cm−1 and gas sensing with a sensitivity value of 42.03 with lesser response and recovery time. This study reveals the fabrication of low-cost materials for butane sensors. Schematic diagram for the preparation of polypyrrole and its applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of previously unknown isoxazole-functionalized imidazopyridine derivatives were synthesized in a few steps, starting from pyridine-2,3-diamine. The synthesis involved the reaction of pyridine-2,3-diamine with lactic acid in PEG-400 to prepare 1-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)ethanol which was further reacted with propargyl bromide to form 2-[1-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)ethyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. Finally, the latter was annulated with substituted benzaldehyde oximes in the presence of a catalytic amount of DBU to obtain the target 3-aryl-5-{[1-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]methyl}-isoxazoles. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and showed excellent DPPH/superoxide/nitric oxide activity in antioxidant assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, orange peels were employed to prepare the activated carbon by the carbonization method at low temperature (AC-OP) using the nickel mesh for the first time. Through the use of several depiction techniques, the essential characteristics of the novel AC-OP electrode have been examined. The electrochemical behaviour of the AC-OP's electrode has been assessed. By using the scanning electron microscope, the prepared AC-OP powder was found to exhibit honeycomb shape. The energy gap (Eg) is discovered to be 2.06 eV. The electrochemical components of AC-OP powder, which is the primary active ingredient, deposited on nickel mesh act as a current collector. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric methods are used to analyse nickel mesh electrodes. The hydrogen diffusion co-efficient of AC-OP electrode is found to be 9.30 × 10–5 cm2 s−1. The developed AC-OP electrode's exceptional capacitive potential was confirmed from the galvanostatic charge–discharge tests, favourable for the fabrication of supercapacitors. These cutting-edge effects might also be quantified for the utility of power storage employing reasonably cost carbon resources in many applications for energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical design, photon management, and energy conversion efficiency are investigated through numerical simulation of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell using the single-diode model. A strong near-infrared reflectance of roughly 60% is present in the perovskite-based top cell. ZnO and Si3N4 anti-reflection coating layers are placed on the surface of the perovskite layer and silicon sub-cell of the tandem solar cell respectively for photon management and minimizing the near-infrared reflectance loss. ZnO will act as an electron transport layer as well as an anti-reflection coating layer. The ZnO layer will minimize the near-infrared reflectance loss by the top cell in the device structure and allow the maximum transmittance of near-infrared photon energy to the silicon sub-cell. Intermediate anti-reflection Si3N4 layer assists in the maximum localization of the transmitted near-infrared photon energy in the silicon sub-cell. The efficiency of over 32% is achieved by optimizing the parameters of different materials such as perovskite, silicon, and anti-reflection coating layer in the tandem solar cell. The innovative idea of using electron transport material ZnO as an anti-reflection coating layer in the perovskite-based top cell can minimize the reflection loss by nearly 20%. The combination of ZnO and Si3N4 anti-reflection coating layers improved the conversion efficiency of the tandem cell by 1%. This result paves the way to realize highly efficient tandem solar cells through photon management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to deduce the cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery in Chhattisgarh population by comparing with the analysis given by Burstone et al. for hard tissue and Legan and Burstone for soft tissue. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 70 subjects (35 male and 35 female) aged between 18 and 25 years having class I malocclusion, acceptable facial profile were recorded and traced for the analysis and interpretation using landmarks and values given by Burstone's analysis were obtained and further comparison was done for the values obtained for the Chhattisgarh population with that of Caucasians. Results: Findings of our study were statistically significant as considerable skeletal differences were found between men and women of Chhattisgarh origin compared to Caucasian origin. Many contrasting findings were discovered in our study group from that of the Caucasian population with respect to the maxillo-mandibular relation, vertical hard tissues parameters. Less differences were found in horizontal hard tissue parameters and dental parameters among the two study populations. Conclusion: The differences found must be kept in consideration during analysis of cephalogram for orthognathic surgeries. Values obtained can be considered to assess deformities and surgical planning to achieve optimal results for Chhattisgarh population. Clinical Significance: The understanding of normal human adult's facial measurements are important to assess craniofacial dimensions and facial deformities and to monitor postoperative results in orthognathic surgeries. Cephalometric norms can be a beneficial abet to clinicians in ascertaining the patient abnormalities. Norms define the ideal cephalometric measurements for patients based on factors such as age, sex, size and race. It has become apparent over years that significant variations do occur among and between the individuals of different racial origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities represent a major driver of reproductive isolation between species. They are caused when interacting components encoded by alleles from different species cannot function properly when mixed. At incipient stages of speciation, complex incompatibilities involving multiple genetic loci with weak effects are frequently observed, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show perturbed proteostasis leading to compromised mitosis and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae hybrid lines carrying one or two chromosomes from Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum. Levels of proteotoxicity are correlated with the number of protein complexes on replaced chromosomes. Proteomic approaches reveal that multi-protein complexes with subunits encoded by replaced chromosomes tend to be unstable. Furthermore, hybrid defects can be alleviated or aggravated, respectively, by up- or down-regulating the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation machinery, suggesting that destabilized complex subunits overburden the proteostasis machinery and compromise hybrid fitness. Our findings reveal the general role of impaired protein complex assembly in complex incompatibilities. Hybrid incompatibility can be an important element of reproductive isolation and speciation. Using chromosome replacement lines of yeast, the authors show that perturbed proteostasis caused by destabilized hybrid protein complexes may represent a general mechanism of hybrid incompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is dynamic in nature that is susceptible to energy and security constraints. Among most of the existing techniques, energy optimization was a hectic challenge, which is addressed effectively using the routing protocols. Accordingly, this paper proposes an effective multipath routing protocol in MANET based on an optimization algorithm. The energy and the security crisis in the MANET are addressed effectively using the cluster head (CH) selection and intrusion detection strategies namely, fuzzy clustering and fuzzy Naive Bayes (fuzzy NB). Then, the multipath routing progresses using the secure nodes based on the routing protocol, Bird swarm-whale optimization algorithm (BSWOA), which is the integration of bird swarm optimization (BSA) in whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The selection of the optimal routes is based on fitness factors, such as connectivity, energy, trust, and throughput. The analysis of the methods is done using the attacks, such as flooding, blackhole, and selective packet drop based on the performance metrics. The proposed BSWOA acquired the maximal energy, throughput, detection rate, and a minimal delay of 9.48 Joule, 0.676 bps, 69.9%, and 0.00372 ms in the presence of the attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as an alternative for hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite for optoelectronic applications because of their unique optical, electrical properties and higher chemical stability. Doping of metal or metal nanoparticles into all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals can modify or tune optical properties. In this paper, Ag-CsPbBr3 nanocrystals were synthesized by the hot injection method. The influence of doped silver on the optical properties of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. There is an enhancement in the PL intensity and Raman intensity of Ag-CsPbBr3 nanocrystals as compared to pristine CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity and Raman intensity of Ag-CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is due to localized surface plasmon resonance coupling between the doped silver and CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The photoluminescence intensity of Ag-CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is quenched due to excessive doping concentration of silver and spectral self-absorption of the silver nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance. The silver ions play an important role in passivating surface defect states of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The passivation of surface defect states improved the photoluminescence quantum yield and PL lifetime of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The study of Ag-CsPbBr3 nanocrystals provides a new perspective for the future development of efficient and stable optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oddity in large information is rising step by step so that the current programming instruments faces trouble in supervision of huge information. Moreover, the pace of the irregularity information in the immense datasets is a key imperative to the exploration business. Along these lines, this paper proposes a novel method for taking care of the large information utilizing Spark structure. The proposed method experiences two stages for arranging the enormous information, which includes highlight choice and arrangement, which is acted in the underlying hubs of Spark engineering. The proposed improvement calculation is named Rider Chaotic Biography streamlining (RCBO) calculation, which is the incorporation of the Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA) and the standard confused biogeography-based-advancement (CBBO). The proposed RCBO-profound stacked auto-encoder utilizing Spark structure successfully handles the large information for achieving powerful huge information arrangement. Here, the proposed RCBO is utilized for choosing reasonable highlights from the monstrous dataset. Besides, the profound stacked auto-encoder utilizes RCBO for preparing so as to characterize colossal datasets. In this research we focused on problem of supervision related to big information of The Cover type Data in UCI machine learning repository. The dataset describes the forest cover set data to predict the forest cover type from cartographic variables. The dataset is multivariate in nature with number of web hits 263,361. The number of instances is 581012 with 54 numbers of attributes and the task associated for the dataset is classification. The examination of the proposed RCBO-profound stacked auto-encoder-based Spark structure utilizing the UCI AI datasets uncovered that the proposed technique beat different strategies, by procuring maximal exactness of 86.71%, dice coefficient of 92.7%, affectability of 75.2% and explicitness of 95.4% separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oncoplastic surgery (OPS) has extended the indications for breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Its role in patients with large breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is unclear. This study evaluated the oncological safety of OPS for tumors with partial response after NAC. Methods: A consecutive series of 65 patients who underwent OPS (study group) after NAC for large breast cancer from January 2004 to July 2018 was compared with 130 matched patients treated by NAC, followed by standard BCS in 65 cases and mastectomy in 65 cases (two case-controlled groups). Results: The mean initial radiological tumor size was 46 mm. Residual pathological tumor size was 22 mm in the OPS cohort, 19 mm in the standard BCS cohort, and 31 mm in the mastectomy cohort (p > 0.05). The mean follow-up was 59 months in the study cohort. Five-year local recurrence rates were 0%, 0%, and 10.5% (0–22%) for the OPS, BCS, and mastectomy cohorts, respectively, while 5-year regional recurrence rates were 4.1% (0–11.1%), 0, and 19.4% (0–35.2%, p > 0.05), respectively. Five-year overall survival was 85.3% for the OPS cohort, 94.1% for the standard BCS cohort (p = 0.194), and 79.9% for the mastectomy cohort (p = 0.165). Conclusions: OPS is safe after NAC for large breast cancers, and provides excellent local control, identical to that of tumors with a better response, treated by standard BCS. After NAC, OPS can be a valuable treatment option for tumors that did not shrink optimally and would not be suitable for standard BCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider approximability of two optimization problems called Minimum Open k-Monopoly (Min-Open-k-Monopoly) and Minimum Partial Open k-Monopoly (Min-P-Open-k-Monopoly), where k is a fixed positive integer. The objective, in Min-Open-k-Monopoly, is to find a minimum cardinality vertex set S ⊆ V in a given graph G = (V,E) such that | N (v) ∩ S | ≥ 1 2 | N (v) | + k , for every vertex v ∈ V. On the other hand, given a graph G = (V,E), in Min-P-Open-k-Monopoly it is required to find a minimum cardinality vertex set S ⊆ V such that | N (v) ∩ S | ≥ 1 2 | N (v) | + k , for every v ∈ V ∖ S. We prove that Min-Open-k-Monopoly and Min-P-Open-k-Monopoly are approximable within a factor of O (log n) . Then, we show that these two problems cannot be approximated within a factor of (1 3 − 𝜖) ln n and (1 4 − 𝜖) ln n , respectively, for any 𝜖 > 0, unless N P ⊆ D t i m e (n O (log log n)). For 4-regular graphs, we prove that these two problems are APX-complete. Min-Open-1-Monopoly can be approximated within a factor of 26 21 ≈ 1.2381 where as Min-P-Open-1-Monopoly can be approximated within a factor of 1.65153. For k ≥ 2, we also present approximation algorithms for these two problems for (2k + 2)-regular graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huge amount of unstructured data is posted on the cloud from various sources for the purpose of feedback and reviews. These review needs require classification for many a reasons and sentiment classification is one of them. Sentiment classification of these reviews quite difficult as they are arriving from many sources. A robust classifier is needed to deal with different data distributions. Traditional supervised machine learning approaches not works well as they require retraining when domain is changed. Deep learning techniques perform well to handle these situations, but they are more data hungry and computationally expensive. Transfer learning is a feature in the cross-domain sentiment classification where features are transferred from one domain to another without any training. Moreover, transfer learning allows the domains, tasks, and distributions used in training and testing to be different. Therefor transfer learning mechanism is required to transfer the sentiment features across the domains. This paper presents a transfer learning approach using pretrained language model, ELMO which helps in transferring sentiment features across domains. This model has been tested on text reviews posted on twitter data set and compared with deep learning methods with and without pretraining process, also our model delivers promising results. This model permits flexibility to plug and play parameters with target models with easier domain adaptivity and transfer sentiment features. Also, model enables sentiment classifiers by using the transferred features from an already trained domain and reuse the sentiment features by saving the time and training cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new optimized design to implement Fast Fourier Transform in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for real valued signals. The proposed method is a new pipelined design, it is the combination of serial as well as parallel split and merge processing butterfly units. The proposed design initially has a single processing unit, in second stage, processing unit splits into two parallel processing units, and thereafter from stage three onwards, merges into a single processing until the last stage. The proposed design is optimized to reduce the latency as well as the hardware complexity for real inputs and complex inputs, as real valued signals itself reduce half of the computations, redundant data paths are eliminated effectively by this design. The parallel processing unit speeds up the processing at the initial stage, whereas single processing units reduce the hardware complexity. This design is a solution for ambiguity between Latency and hardware. The proposed design is very effective for real valued signals. The proposed design is implemented in Radix-22 model, in which multipliers are required for every two stages. The proposed design reduces Latency parameter more than 50% with a small cost of adders and multipliers, also power consumption for higher order FFT's is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stand structure dynamics are considered as major happenings in any forest as a response to environmental changes. However, this important topic is underrepresented in the treeline studies in the Nepal Himalayas. We aimed to investigate site- as well as species-specific changes in morphometric features (basal diameter, crown cover, density, and height) along the elevational gradient across treeline ecotones in response to recent environmental changes. The stand structure characteristics of Abies spectabilis, Pinus wallichiana, and Betula utilis across the treeline ecotone of three study sites in Eastern (Barun), Central (Manang), and Western (Dhorpatan) Nepal were analyzed to elucidate structural heterogeneities. Altogether, eight transects (20 m × (60–250 m)) across the treeline ecotone were established. Trees of all life forms, trees (> 2 m), saplings (0.5–2 m), and seedlings (< 0.5 m), within each transect were enumerated and sampled for the morphometric features and age. Site-specific and species-specific stand structure dynamics were found. The rate of basal area increment was higher in Barun, but the Manang treeline, despite profound regeneration in recent years, had a low annual basal area increment. Moreover, the altitudinal distribution of age and morphometry were not consistent among those ecotones. Furthermore, intra-specific competition was not significant. The site-specific stand structure dynamics explain why treelines do not respond uniformly to increasing temperature. It invokes, in further studies, the incorporation of the tree's morphometric adaptation traits, phenotypic plasticity, and interactions between species genotype and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, vertical centrifugal casting process is used for the fabrication of functionally graded A390 alloy hollow cylinder and Mg & Sr-included A390 alloy hollow cylinder. The commercial CFD software FLOW3D™ is used to obtain the optimum rotational speed for making an optimized hollow cylinder in a vertical centrifugal casting machine. The optimum rotational speed obtained is 1300 rpm. This rotational speed is used in the experiments to obtain hollow cylinders of optimized thickness for (a) A390 alloy (b) by adding various weight percentages of Mg and Sr in A390 alloy. The optical microstructures obtained at various radial locations are presented for centrifugally cast A390 alloy. The effect of individual addition of Mg & Sr into A390 alloy on the microstructures at various locations along the radial direction of centrifugally cast cylinder is discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate effect of mandibular advancement on pharyngeal airway space using lateral cephalogram. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients who were diagnosed with class II skeletal malocclusion and underwent surgical intervention for the correction of their dentofacial deformity following orthodontic treatment were included. The soft tissue changes in the pharyngeal space were brought about by the surgical intervention, and the changes that had occurred in increasing the airway were evaluated by using cephalogram. Results: The results of this study showed that following mandibular advancement surgery, the pharyngeal airway space increased along with an increase in the length and thickness of the uvula with a reduction in the angulation. All the changes remained stable in the late postoperative phase. Conclusion: Patients who underwent mandibular advancement showed a significant increase in the pharyngeal airway space and that remained stable during the evaluation period. As a consequence, mandibular advancement seems to be the most stable surgical movement in relation to airway dimensional gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes technology (DT) has accomplished tremendous progress in the past decades, aiming to convert these technologies as viable treatment options for the benefit of patients with diabetes (PWD). Despite the advances, PWD face multiple challenges with the efficient management of type 1 diabetes. Most of the promising and innovative technological developments are not accessible to a larger proportion of PWD. The slow pace of development and commercialization, overpricing, and lack of peer support are few such factors leading to inequitable access to the innovations in DT. Highly motivated and tech-savvy members of the diabetes community have therefore come up with the #WeAreNotWaiting movement and started developing their own do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems (DIYAPS) integrating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pumps, and smartphone technology to run openly shared algorithms to achieve appreciable glycemic control and quality of life (QoL). These systems use tailor-made interventions to achieve automated insulin delivery (AID) and are not commercialized or regulated. Online social network megatrends such as GitHub, CGM in the Cloud, and Twitter have been providing platforms to share these open source technologies and user experiences. Observational studies, anecdotal evidence, and real-world patient stories revealed significant improvements in time in range (TIR), time in hypoglycemia (TIHypo), HbA1c levels, and QoL after the initiation of DIYAPS. But this unregulated do-it-yourself (DIY) approach is perceived with great circumspection by healthcare professionals (HCP), regulatory bodies, and device manufacturers, making users the ultimate risk-bearers. The use of the regularized CGM and insulin pump with unauthorized algorithms makes them off-label and has been a matter of great concern. Besides these, lack of safety data, funding or insurance coverage, ethical, and legal issues are roadblocks to the unanimous acceptance of these systems among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A multi-agency approach is necessary to evaluate the risks, and to delineate the incumbency and liability of clinicians, regulatory bodies, and manufacturers associated with the use of DIYAPS. Understanding the potential of DIYAPS as the need of the present time, many regional and international agencies have come with strategies to appraise its safety as well as to support education and training on its use. Here we provide a comprehensive description of the DIYAPS—including their origin, existing literature, advantages, and disadvantages that can help the industry leaders, clinicians, and PWD to make the best use of these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical nanostructure materials have attracted significant attention due to their fascinating structural features for the application of high-performance supercapacitors. In this report, nanosheets interconnected hierarchical NiCo2S4 (NCS) nanospheres were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The growth process was explored by performing different reaction temperature conditions (140, 150, 160, and 170 °C), and their electrochemical properties were studied. The electrochemical properties of NCS products (coated on conductive Ni foam substrate) at different reaction temperatures were measured in a traditional three-electrode electrochemical system. The optimized hierarchical NCS nanospheres (prepared at 150 °C) delivered better electrochemical results due to their synergetic morphological features and higher specific surface area. The NCS-150 nanospheres–based electrode exhibited its maximum specific capacity of 155 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 and further showed a good capacity retention value of 115 mA h g−1 at a higher current density of 5 A g−1. Besides, cycling analysis was proceeded up to 4000 cycles to test the practical ability of the designed electrode, and it retained 76% of capacity after performing the cycles. These results demonstrate that the nanosheets interconnected hierarchical NCS nanospheres (prepared at 150 °C) could be a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the research works carried so far concentrated on decoders and interleavers. The performance of Turbo codes depends on different constituent components such as encoder, decoder and interleaver with metrics of bit error rate and complexity. In this paper a new interleaver structure using sub interleavers is proposed to provide a faster turbo codes for channel with less effect of noise. The major concern of this work is to find an optimum number of sub interleavers which satisfies certain limits of bit error rate and processing time. The simulation was performed using MATLAB and the results shows that the processing time has been reduced to about 10% than the conventional block interleaver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic nature of the nodes on the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) imposes security issues in the network and most of the Intrusion detection methods concentrated on the energy dissipation and obtained better results, whereas the trust remained a hectic factor. This paper proposes a trust-aware scheme to detect the intrusion in the MANET. The proposed Trust-aware fuzzy clustering and fuzzy Naive Bayes (trust-aware FuzzyClus-Fuzzy NB) method of detecting the intrusion is found to be effective. The fuzzy clustering concept determines the cluster-head to form the clusters. The proposed BDE-based trust factors along with the direct trust, indirect trust, and the recent trust, hold the information of the nodes and the fuzzy Naive Bayes determine the intrusion in the nodes using the node trust table. The simulation results convey the effectiveness of the proposed method and the proposed method is analyzed based on the metrics, such as delay, energy, detection rate, and throughput. The delay is in minimum at a rate of 0.00434, with low energy dissipation of 9.933, high detection rate of 0.623, and greater throughput of 0.642. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress tolerance and resistance in industrial yeast strains are important attributes for cost-effective bioprocessing. The source of stress-tolerant yeasts ranges from extremophilic environments to laboratory engineered strains. However, industrial stress-tolerant yeasts are very rare in nature as the natural environment forces them to evolve traits that optimize survival and reproduction and not the ability to withstand harsh habitat-irrelevant industrial conditions. Experimental evolution is a frequent method used to uncover the mechanisms of evolution and microbial adaption towards environmental stresses. It optimizes biological systems by means of adaptation to environmental stresses and thus has immense power of development of robust stress-tolerant yeasts. This mini-review briefly outlines the basics and implications of evolution experiments and their applications to industrial biotechnology. This work is meant to serve as an introduction to those new to the field of experimental evolution, and as a guide to biologists working in the field of yeast stress response. Future perspectives of experimental evolution for potential biotechnological applications have also been elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Design and implementation of fractional order digital differentiators and integrators is the main objective of this paper. Identify the novel reduced s to z transforms calculated using model order reduction techniques. Thus the transforms are discretized directly using Continued Fraction Expansion (CFE).The designed differentiators and integrators are implemented on Xilinx Spartan 3E field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) and are tested using the sinusoidal, square and triangular waveforms. The practical results agree with the theoretical ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the correlation of non-invasive blood pressure obtained by auscultatory and oscillometric methods, with invasive blood pressure in critically ill children.Methods: We compared invasive with auscultatory and oscillometric blood pressures using paired t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot in 50 children (age 1-12 y) admitted in Pediatric intensive care unit.Results: Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures of invasive methods significantly correlated with auscultatory and oscillometric methods (P<0.001). Auscultatory and oscillometric measurements under-estimated systolic arterial pressures [mean (SD) difference 5.4 (12.2) mmHg and 6.3 (14.0) mmHg, respectively; P<0.001] and overestimated diastolic arterial pressures [-4.1 (5.8) mmHg and -3.6 (7.2) mmHg; P<0.001] compared to invasive blood pressure.Conclusion: Mean arterial pressure obtained by NIBP measurement is more closer than systolic or diastolic pressures, when compared with invasive blood pressure measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While making saccadic eye-movements to scan a visual scene, humans and monkeys are able to keep track of relevant visual stimuli by maintaining spatial attention on them. This ability requires a shift of attentional modulation from the neuronal population representing the relevant stimulus pre-saccadically to the one representing it post-saccadically. For optimal performance, this trans-saccadic attention shift should be rapid and saccade-synchronized. Whether this is so is not known. We trained two rhesus monkeys to make saccades while maintaining covert attention at a fixed spatial location. We show that the trans-saccadic attention shift in cortical visual medial temporal (MT) area is well synchronized to saccades. Attentional modulation crosses over from the pre-saccadic to the post-saccadic neuronal representation by about 50 ms after a saccade. Taking response latency into account, the trans-saccadic attention shift is well timed to maintain spatial attention on relevant stimuli, so that they can be optimally tracked and processed across saccades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse of all marine ecosystems and are often referred to as the 'rainforests of the sea'. Though they cover less than one per cent of Earth's surface, they are home to one quarter of all ocean species by providing food and shelter to them. Optical remote sensing has been widely employed for mapping and monitoring coral reefs. But the application of microwave remote sensing has been an alternate domain in this area. This study explores the possibility of utilizing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data of Radar Imaging Satellite-I, India's first indigenous microwave satellite to delineate the coral reefs in Andaman and Lakshadweep Islands in the Indian Ocean. The dual polarized data, after reducing the speckle has been classified to delineate the coral reefs in the vicinity of both islands. SAR has a performance comparable with passive optical sensors under favourable conditions of imaging, viz. optimum tidal current and surface winds. The study results are compared with the international coral reef reference map and are found to be highly promising, with an overall accuracy of 98.3% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.944 for fringing reefs in Andaman region. For the atolls in Lakshadweep region, the overall accuracy is found to be 92.99% and the Kappa coefficient is estimated at 0.7377. This study tries to explore a different horizon for microwave remote sensing in coral reef studies. It is seen that, optical and microwave remote sensing can provide a mutually supporting platform in coral reef delineation, in terms of imaging depth as well as climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis of midline neck swellings may give a myriad of options, ranging from ranula, thyroglossal duct cyst, cystic hygroma, cystic lymphangioma, epidermoid, dermoid and teratoid cysts to benign or malignant neoplasms of the mucosa or salivary glands and also rare skin appendage tumours like pilomatricoma or pilomatrix carcinoma. Various pitfalls are encountered in diagnosing these midline swellings as most of the features are overlapping. Careful history and examination have to be complemented with other diagnostic aids such as conventional radiography, ultrasonography, aspiration cytology and computed tomography to arrive at a correct diagnosis. Dermoid cysts in the head and neck are relatively uncommon, present in the midline either above or below the mylohyoid muscle thus differentiating it into sublingual and submental dermoids and can grow to a massive size before presenting symptoms if it breaches the mylohyoid muscle. Pilomatricoma is a skin appendage tumour which presents as midline swelling and is usually diagnosed with careful history and certain pathagnomonic features on fine needle aspiration cytology and ultrasonography. Hereby we are presenting a case of a submental swelling which was diagnosed as a dermoid cyst upon excision but which initially posed a diagnostic challenge because of features of pilomatricoma seen on FNAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Septicemia is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in India. In a study of 242 infants with septicemia conducted between March 1996 & June 1997 at Hubli, Karnataka, 43.39% infants had 'very early onset' sepsis (VOS), 40.08%, had 'early onset' sepsis (EOS), and 16.53% 'late onset' sepsis (LOS). 54.55% neonates had birth weight below 2000 g and 39.67% were born before 37 weeks of gestation. The cardiorespiratory signs and jaundice were the most frequent clinical features. The blood culture positivity rate was 64.87%. Klebsiella species was the commonest causative pathogen found and multidrug resistance was frequent. The overall mortality rate was 47.52% and the case fatality rate in LOS was higher than in VOS and EOS (p < 0.001). The mortality was significantly higher in neonates with lower birth weight and lower gestational age (p < 0.001). The study underlines the importance of monitoring the various features of neonatal septicemia, as well as the drug resistance of the pathogens from the nurseries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) found in the tropical countries is known to have a higher risk for carcinoma of the pancreas. This study aimed to explore the clinical profile of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), one of the precursors of carcinoma of the pancreas, in tropical CP and to identify the possible clinical predictors of the same. Methodology: A retrospective study was done enrolling patients who underwent either Frey's procedure or pancreatic resection for symptomatic CP, between January 2008 and December 2012. They were grouped into PanIN positive and PanIN negative based on histopathology. Their clinical and laboratory parameters were compared statistically to identify the predictors of the PanIN status. Results: Sixty-two tropical CP patients who had Frey's procedure or pancreatic resection were enrolled into this study; 38.7 % cases showed PanIN changes and 61.29 % had no PanIN changes. Majority of the clinical and laboratory parameters were found comparable between the two groups except obstructive jaundice and CA 19-9 value >137.5 which were there in 54.2 % of PanIN-positive cases. On histopathology, 54.83 % cases were benign CP and 45.16 % were malignant CP. Among the benign CP, 33.3 % were PanIN positive and among those with malignancy 66.7 % were PanIN positive. Low-grade PanINs were seen in 73 % cases of benign CP and in 26.1 % of malignancy whereas high-grade PanIN-3 lesions were seen exclusively in patients with malignancy. Conclusion: High-grade PanIN-3 lesions showed significant association with pancreatic malignancy. Obstructive jaundice and CA 19-9 ≥137.5 could predict PanIN positivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orofacial space infections are commonly treated by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, even in the post antibiotic era. Pre existing systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus makes a person more vulnerable to space infection. A prosthesis which is poorly designed often jeopardises the oral health and makes a person susceptible to ulcers of mucosa, which can result in necrosis of mucosa. The sequel of such ulcerations and necrosis would be life threatening Orofacial space infections in medically compromised patients. Here we present a case report of 64 year old diabetic patient presenting with Orofacial space infection as a sequel to necrosis of mucosa caused due to physical and chemical injury by a faulty prosthesis fabricated by a quack practicing dentistry. Submandibular, sublingual and pterygomandibular space were involved leading to trismus and swelling. On forceful mouth opening after extraoral mandibular nerve block, denudation of mucosa was seen distal and lingual to mandibular right second premolar with pus discharge. Radiographic examination revealed no abnormal findings in teeth or bone. The spaces were explored from the opening created by denuded mucosa. Infection control and diabetic control was achieved with antibiotics and oral hypoglycaemic drugs. Patient responded well for the treatment and recovered uneventfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Figure not available: see fulltext.] Synthesis of 5,6-diphenyl-6 H-1,3,4,2λ-dioxazaphosphinin-2-ones having an amino substituent at phosphorus atom has been accomplished in two steps. It involves the preparation of 2-chloro intermediate and its subsequent reaction with various aromatic or heterocyclic amines in dry tetrahydrofuran and triethylamine at reflux temperature. These compounds were characterized by IR, H, C, and P NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. All the title compounds were screened for antioxidant properties by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, and lipid peroxidation assay. The tested compounds exhibited potent dose-dependent in vitro antioxidant activity, as well as a significant antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]