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The existing problem of photovoltaics (PV) seeks new efficient materials that can feed to the next level solar power generation under access universally. This study proposed the magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) of barium mono ferrite BaFe2O4 with transition metal Zn, nominated for its electrical properties to explore incorporation's effect on structural, physicochemical, and magnetic properties to develop the dynamics of charge carriers, stability, and possibly tackling the need of new competent materials for PV technology. ZnO nanoparticles are widely used in solar cells with wide band gap (3.1 eV to 3.37 eV), an optimized value as low as 1.35 eV was successfully achieved in the present work. BaFe2O4 NPs exposing orthorhombic system for photovoltaic application was surveyed for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The nanoparticles of Ba1−xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5) scheme have been prepared by the sol–gel auto-combustion method. An inclusive structural examination has been executed for prepared samples by X-ray diffraction and RAMAN study. The rarely found orthorhombic crystal system with Pnma-62 was identified and a 3D visualization was drawn for the first time for BaFe2O4. The magnetic, dielectric, photovoltaic (PV), and optical properties using Vibrating sample magnetometer, Impedance Analyzer, Fluorescence spectrophotometer, and UV Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy correspondingly were also explored. The effectively aimed composition (Ba0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4, Ba0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4, and Ba0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) revealing spherical NPs and the chemical bonds were verified by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer individually. Znx = 0.3 sample showed maximum magnetization of 15.3 emu/g with responsive polarization. The similar sample's photocurrent increased when it was illuminated, as per photovoltaic data of current–voltage curves measured by Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The energy band gaps for pristine sample decreased from 1.51 to 1.35 eV for Znx = 0.3, which was closer to a theoretical optimum band gap value of about 1.4 eV for PV cells. The photoluminescence emission also lied in the visible range 607 nm. A concept for the use of magnetic NPs in PV devices was offered by valuable optical, magnetic, and photovoltaic capabilities cooperating well in the improvement of the outcome and expresses the importance of barium mono ferrite nanoparticles for aimed application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As key developmental regulators, HOX cluster genes have varied and context-specific roles in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. A complex interaction of transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, long non-coding RNAs and chromatin structural changes orchestrate HOX expression in leukemia cells. In this review we summarize molecular mechanisms underlying HOX regulation in clinical subsets of AML, with a focus on NPM1 mutated (NPM1mut) AML comprising a third of all AML patients. While the leukemia initiating function of the NPM1 mutation is clearly dependent on HOX activity, the favorable treatment responses in these patients with upregulation of HOX cluster genes is a poorly understood paradoxical observation. Recent data confirm FOXM1 as a suppressor of HOX activity and a well-known binding partner of NPM suggesting that FOXM1 inactivation may mediate the effect of cytoplasmic NPM on HOX upregulation. Conversely the residual nuclear fraction of mutant NPM has also been recently shown to have chromatin modifying effects permissive to HOX expression. Recent identification of the menin-MLL interaction as a critical vulnerability of HOX-dependent AML has fueled the development of menin inhibitors that are clinically active in NPM1 and MLL rearranged AML despite inconsistent suppression of the HOX locus. Insights into context-specific regulation of HOX in AML may provide a solid foundation for targeting this common vulnerability across several major AML subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is aimed at studying the drug delivery applications of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with strontium (Sr) doping with varying molar ratios prepared by the co-precipitation route. The impact of increased strontium content on the particle size and magnetic properties was investigated. The impending of these nanoparticles for drug loading, drug release, and their respective cytotoxicity was also inspected. First, iron oxide nanoparticles were doped with various amounts of strontium, from 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, to 1 mol using co-precipitation method. These synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, VSM, and FTIR for evaluating crystal structure, phase purity, morphology, composition, magnetic properties, and functional groups, respectively. Drug loading and drug release properties were determined using UV–vis spectroscopy, whereas MTT assay evaluated cytotoxicity. Colloidal stability was assessed using zeta potential in PBS solution. The findings confirmed the successful doping of iron oxide with strontium via XRD and EDX. SEM results confirmed spherical morphology for all and needle-like structure for 1 mol strontium doped sample. For VSM results, a single domain structure was established. It was also observed that the drug encapsulation efficiency increases with increased strontium content. Cytotoxicity results by MTT assay revealed increased cytotoxicity with increasing nanoparticle concentration, and ibuprofen-loaded nanoparticles showed higher cytotoxicity than un-loaded nanoparticles at the same concentration. Zeta potential results showed colloidal stability of iron oxide nanoparticles increased by the addition of strontium. This study provided predominantly comparison of the cytotoxicity of ibuprofen-loaded and non-loaded nanoparticles on Hep-2 cancer cells at similar concentrations for the first time for both Fe3O4 particles and Sr-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles and enclosed the impact of increasing Sr doping content on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is no consensus on the use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) after mastectomy with indwelling drains. We explored the utility of continued PAP in reducing surgical site infection (SSI) rates after mastectomy without immediate reconstruction and with indwelling drains. Patients and Methods: A multicenter, two-armed, randomized control superiority trial was conducted in Pakistan. We enrolled all consenting adult patients undergoing mastectomy without immediate reconstruction. All patients received a single preoperative dose of cephalexin within 60 min of incision, and postoperatively were randomized to receive either continued PAP using cephalexin (intervention) or a placebo (control) for the duration of indwelling, closed-suction drains. The primary outcome was the development of SSI within 30 days and 90 days postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included study-drug-associated adverse events. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed using multivariable Cox regression. Results: A total of 369 patients, 180 (48.8%) in the intervention group and 189 (51.2%) in the control group, were included in the final analysis. Overall cumulative SSI rates were 3.5% at 30 days and 4.6% at 90 days postoperatively. PAP was not associated with SSI reduction at 30 (hazard ratio, HR 1.666 [95% confidence interval CI 0.515–5.385]) or 90 (1.575 [0.558–4.448]) days postoperatively, or with study-drug-associated adverse effects (0.529 [0.196–1.428]). Conclusions: Continuing antibiotic prophylaxis for the duration of indwelling drains after mastectomy without immediate reconstruction offers no additional benefit in terms of SSI reduction. There is a need to update existing guidelines to provide clearer recommendations regarding use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis after mastectomy in the setting of indwelling drains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barium mono-ferrite (BaFe2O4) and barium hexa-ferrite (BaFe12O19) nanoparticles were produced by the sol–gel auto-combustion method. The prepared nanoparticles were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural, functional, and vibrational bonding, and morphological study, respectively. The optical, dielectric, and magnetic characteristics were explored by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectrophotometer, Impedance analyzer, and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The ferroelectric nature of magnetic nanoparticles was confirmed by the Multi-ferroic system. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy monitored electrical properties by current–voltage (I–V) curves. The structure of BaFe2O4 was orthorhombic having space group Pnma 3 while BaFe12O19 was identified as hexagonal with space group P63/mmc (194). FTIR and Raman spectrum identified chemical structural bonds. SEM micrographs revealed the distinct size of nanoparticles. Saturation magnetization (Ms) for BaFe12O19 was 25.88 emu/g with a coercivity (Hc) value of 9668.05 and greater than BaFe2O4 with 1.4 emu/g and 2038. Di-electric properties of BaFe12O19 were higher than BaFe2O4 and not considered encouraging for photovoltaic applications. BaFe2O4 indicated balanced absorbance (1.03%) in the UV–visible region with 1.51 eV direct band gap that justified the main characteristics of a PV material. BaFe12O19 possessed high absorbance (37%) in the UV region with an indirect band gap of 1.24 eV that not believed as a viable choice for PV functioning. The fluorescence emission spectrum resulted higher concentration of 106 for BaFe12O19 while 51.3 for BaFe2O4 in the visible region. The highly concentrated materials could damage PV module by triggering hot spot. The I–V curves unveiled BaFe2O4 more respondents to dark and photo-current while BaFe12O19 possessed a negligible response. Above-stated results established that BaFe2O4 is comparatively a novel nano-ferrite that comprises more supportive properties for photovoltaic applications than BaFe12O19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child maltreatment has been identified as a significant problem, both within India and outside. According to UNICEF, over the last decade, there has been a growing recognition about this, but the problem has remained unresolved largely due to being underreported and undocumented. Previous research in this area has reported inconsistent gender differences across the world. Besides, there are shreds of evidence to suggest that childhood maltreatment would be associated with nightmares later in life, but a handful of studies exist in this context. Moreover, there is a paucity of research concerning the interaction effect of gender and group (nightmare sufferer vs non-sufferer) on childhood maltreatment. Owing to the insufficient research and inconsistent findings, the present study aimed to investigate gender differences in childhood maltreatment among nightmare sufferers as compared to non-sufferers. A total of 120 participants were selected from New Delhi. The results of two-way ANOVA suggest that the nightmares later in life would be associated with the abuse and neglect experienced during childhood as nightmare sufferer group reported having higher rates of child abuse and neglect than non-sufferers. It also suggests that male participants in general experience childhood maltreatment more than females; however, emotional abuse was experienced by males only if they belonged to the nightmare sufferer group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Racial disparities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been reported but the relative contribution of disease versus patient-specific factors including comorbidities and access to care is unclear.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes in a racially diverse patient cohort controlling for cytogenetic risk group. Patients were classified into four groups: non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic and Other.Results: We evaluated 106 patients from 84 zipcodes incorporating demographics, clinicopathologic features, treatment patterns and outcomes. We identified significant differences in BMI and geographic poverty based on ethnoracial group, while prognostic mutations in NPM1 and FLT3 did not differ significantly. Utilization of intensive chemotherapy and transplant rate did not differ by ethnoracial group. However, there was a significantly higher use of alternate donor transplants in minority populations. There was a notably increased rate of clinical trial enrollment in NHW patients compared to other groups. In log-rank analysis, NHW patients had increased overall survival (OS) compared to NHB, Hispanic and Other patients (31.6 months vs. 16.7 months vs. 14.3 months, vs 18.1 months, p = 0.021). In bivariate analysis, overall survival was negatively influenced by advanced age and race. Obesity and zip code poverty levels approached statistical significance in predicting OS. In multivariate analysis, the only factors independently influencing OS were race and allogeneic stem cell transplant.Conclusion: These results suggest that race impacts survival in intermediate-risk AML, highlighting the need to dissect biologic and nonbiologic factors that contribute to this disparity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the relationship between poverty and forest cover degradation in rural areas of Pakistan. The area selected for the study District Upper Dir is a rural and relatively backward region located in northwestern Pakistan, in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province. The study area is undergoing severe deforestation and natural disasters in the recent past. The study consists of two stages, in first stage the traditional Geographical information system image was used to analyze the spatial–temporal situation of the surroundings. In the second stage, well-designed questionnaire was used to collect the primary information from 420 randomly selected households of research areas. A multidimensional poverty index has been used to measure the poverty profile of the population. It has been found that 55% households were below the poverty line. Almost, 95% households are using wood for cooking purposes. High dependence on natural resources causes forest cover degradation while burning off too much wood causes CO2 emission and leads to environmental degradation. A major portion of population is living on steeply sloped areas with certain risks. It is found that frequency of flash flood is 53% and agricultural land (54%) is at high risk and often flows with flash floods. It is concluded that there is strong correlation between multidimensional poverty and forest cover degradation which leads to climate and environmental risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]