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The worldwide supply of 99Mo isotopes now encounters a serious crisis due to difficulties in sustainable production by research nuclear reactors. We report the experimental data for the 99mTc and impurity isotopes produced via the natMo(γ, n) reaction with bremsstrahlung γ-rays generated using a 30 MeV electron beam. The supply feasibility of 99mTc isotopes via the natMo(γ, n) reaction is discussed on the basis of the obtained data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using para-hydrogen and a mechanical press made of neodymium magnets, we have succeeded in making a 1-mm-thick and 30-mm-diameter solid hydrogen target (SHT), and have measured elastic scattering of protons with radioactive ion beams at 300 MeV/u. We also succeeded in making not only a 0.5-mm-thick and 10-mm-diameter SHT but also a 2-mm-thick and 30-mm-diameter SHT to study excited-state properties of nuclei via ( p, p′) reactions, and quasi-free ( p, pα) reactions at intermediate energies. The ortho-para converter and the simple mechanical press show possibilities for making SHTs which have various radii and thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of three nucleon force (3NF) have been actively studied via the nucleon-deuteron ( Nd) scattering states. The differential cross sections and the vector analyzing powers A of the H( p, n) inclusive breakup reaction at 170 MeV were measured for the study of 3NF effects in the intermediate energy region. The polarized proton beam of 170 MeV was injected to the deuterated polyethylene (CD) target and the energy of scattered neutrons were measured by using TOF method. The data were compared with the Faddeev calculations based on modern nucleon-nucleon (NN) forces with and without the 3NF. Concerning the differential cross sections, we can see large discrepancies between the data and the calculations in the region of scattered neutron energies are low, which is similar to the results of the H( p, p) inclusive breakup reaction at 250 MeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alpha inelastic scattering from Mg was measured to obtain the isoscalar natural-parity excitation strengths and to search for the α-condensed states. The multipole decomposition analysis for the measured cross sections was performed. The strength distributions for the Δ L = 0-3 were successfully obtained and the possible candidates for the α-condensed states around the O core were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the study of three nucleon force (3NF) effects in the intermediate energy region, the differential cross sections and the vector analyzing power A were measured for the H( p, n) inclusive breakup reaction at 170 MeV. The polarized proton beam of 170 MeV was injected to the deuterated polyethylene (CD) target and the energy of scattered neutrons were deduce by TOF method. The data was compared with the results of the Faddeev calculations with and without 3NFs. Concerning about the differential cross sections, we can see large discrepancies between the data and the calculations in the region where the energies of scattered neutrons are low, which are similar to the results of the H( p, p) inclusive breakup reaction at 250 MeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tensor correlations in He were studied via the ( p, dp) reaction at the incident energy of 392 MeV with a focus on spin configurations of correlated pn pairs in He at high relative momenta $${(P_{\rm rel}^{\rm cor})}$$. The preliminary results show that the correlated pn pair at $${P_{\rm rel}^{\rm cor} = 310 {\rm MeV/c}}$$ predominantly has the channel spin S = 1, which is consistent with the characteristics of tensor correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectroscopy for neutron-rich nuclei He and Be has been performed by means of heavy-ion double charge exchange (HIDCX) (O, Ne) reaction on stable target nuclei Be and C, respectively. Several clear peaks in Be at low excitation energy region even above neutron separation energy have been observed in one-shot measurement, whereas no prominent signals of He have been observed owing to the small cross section. It is shown that the HIDCX reaction is a new powerful spectroscopic tool for study of unstable neutron-rich nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The triple α reaction rate in stars is quite important in many astrophysical scenarios including the stellar evolution and carbon synthesis in stars. Recently the non-resonant triple α reaction rate has been reevaluated using a calculation with the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) method, which dramatically increased the rate at low temperature compared to the widely-used NACRE compilation. Since the enhancement influences strongly on astrophysical model simulations, we have planned an experiment for drawing conclusion on the non-resonant triple α reaction rate at low temperature by measuring the three- α continuum state in C. We report the present situation of the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vector analyzing power has been measured for the elastic scattering of neutron-rich He from polarized protons at 71 MeV/nucleon. Two approaches based on local one-body potentials were applied to investigate the spin-orbit interaction between a proton and a He nucleus. An optical model analysis revealed that the spin-orbit potential for He is characterized by a shallow and long-ranged shape compared with the global systematics of stable nuclei. A semi-microscopic analysis with a α + n + n cluster folding model suggests that the inclusion of realistic interaction between a proton and the α core is important in describing the p-He elastic scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alpha inelastic scattering from Mg was measured to obtain the isoscalar natural-parity excitation strengths and to search for the α-condensed states. The multipole decomposition analysis for the measured cross sections was performed. The strength distributions for the $${{\Delta}L=0{-}3}$$ were successfully obtained and the possible candidates for the α-condensed states around the O core were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of three-nucleon force (3NF) has been actively studied by using the nucleon-deuteron ( Nd) scattering states. The differential cross sections of the elastic Nd scattering at the energy below 150 MeV can be well reproduced by incorporating 3NF in the Faddeev calculation based on modern nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. On the other hand, the differential cross sections of Nd elastic and inelastic scatterings at 250 MeV show large discrepancies between the data and the Faddeev calculations with 3NF. It indicates the presence of the missing features of the three nucleon system at this energy region. For the systematic study about the energy dependence of this large discrepancies, we measured the differential cross sections and the vector analyzing power A for the H( p, n) inclusive breakup reaction at 170 MeV. The experiment was carried out at RCNP by detecting scattered neutrons by using the neutron detector NPOL3. The data was compared with the results of the Faddeev calculations with and without the 3NF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent results on the spin effects in deuteron inclusive breakup and deuteron-proton elastic scattering obtained at the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies at JINR are reported. The experimental data have been obtained with the use of a high-energy polarized deuteron beam at the Synchrophasotron-Nuclotron Accelerator Complex. The covered energy range corresponds to the short internucleonic distances where the relativistic effects and non-nucleonic degrees of freedom can play a significant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of the spin structure of d, 3H, and 3He has been performed at the RIKEN acceleration research facility and VBLHE. Vector A y and tensor A yy , A xx , A xz analyzing powers for $$ \vec d $$ d → 3He n and $$ \vec d $$ d → 3H p are presented at 270 MeV. Themirror channels (3He n and 3H p) are comparedto each other in order to find possible manifestation of charge-symmetry breaking. The preliminary results on the polarization observables for $$ \vec d $$ d → 3H p at 200MeV are also presented. The obtained data are compared with one-nucleon-exchange calculations.As a byproduct, $$ \vec d $$ d → pX and $$ \vec d $$ 12C → pX breakup reactions are investigated at 140, 200, and 270MeV. The experimental data on $$ \vec d $$ p elastic scattering were obtained at 270, 880, and 2000 MeV at the Nuclotron. The polarization of the deuteron beam was measured at 270 MeV at the internal target station. The preliminary data on the vector A y and tensor A yy , A xx analyzing powers for the $$ \vec d $$ p elastic scattering at 880 MeV are presented. The calculations on A y , A yy , and A xx analyzing powers for the $$ \vec d $$ p elastic scattering at 880 MeV were performed in the framework of the multiple-scattering model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NKT cells are responsible for hepatitis induced either by concanavalin A (Con-A) or α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), and they are also profoundly involved in the generalised Shwartzman reaction (GSR) induced by consecutive injections of interleukin (IL)-12 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present study, using NC/Nga (NC) mice and SJL mice lacking the Vβ+8 gene, we examined the role of Vβ+8+NKT cells in hepatitis models and in the GSR. The absence of Vβ+8+NKT cells in the liver mononuclear cells (MNC) was confirmed by the α-GalCer/CD1d/Ig dimer. Unexpectedly, other dimer+NKT cells including Vβ7+NKT cells in these mice were found to decrease in comparison to that of C57BL/6 mice. No significant hepatocyte injury was observed after α-GalCer or Con-A administration in either mice. The serum interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels did not increase in these mice after α-GalCer injection, however these cytokines substantially increased after Con-A administration, thus suggesting that the roles of NKT cells differ between the two hepatitis models. However, in GSR, although neither mice showed lower IFN-γ levels after a priming IL-12 injection, they showed TNF levels comparable to those in normal mice after LPS injection, and thus resulted in a decreased but substantial mortality. Although liver MNC from IL-12-injected SJL mice showed an impaired antitumour cytotoxicity, liver MNC of NC mice exhibited a greater antitumour cytotoxicity than that of C57BL/6 mice because liver NK cells proportionally increased in NC mice. These results confirm the critical role that Vβ8+NKT cells play in both liver and multi-organ injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-precision vector and tensor analyzing powers of elastic deuteron-proton ( d + p) scattering have been measured at intermediate energies to investigate effects of three-nucleon forces. Angular distributions in the range of 70°-120° in the center-of mass frame for incident-deuteron energies E d lab = 130 and 180 MeV were obtained using the RIKEN facility. The beam polarization was unambiguously determined by measuring the ^12C ( d, α)^10B(2+) reaction at 0°. Results of the measurements are compared with state-of-the-art three-nucleon calculations. The present modeling of nucleon-nucleon forces and its extension to the three-nucleon system is not sufficient to describe the high-precision data consistently and requires, therefore, further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new high-energy beam polarimeter is proposed for Nuclotron, which uses the Internal Target Station (ITS). This polarimeter based on a measurement of asymmetry for the d–p elastic scattering will allow one to measure simultaneously both vector and tensor components of deuteron beam polarization. For this purpose an analyzing powers measurement for the d–p elastic scattering at energies T d = 0.88–2 GeV is proposed. The precise measurements of the deuteron analyzing powers over the energy range T d = 300–2000 MeV can give an irreplaceable clue to the study of the spin dependence of three nucleon forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have constructed a new type of spin polarized solid proton target which can be operated under a low magnetic field of 0.08T and a high temperature of 100K. We have measured for the first time the polarization asymmetry of an unstable beam of 6He at an energy of 71MeV/ u. Optical potential analyses have been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weak-interaction responses of 11B were studied by measuring the 11B(3He, t) and 11B(p, p′) reactions. Obtained nuclear transition matrix elements B(GT), B(στ), and B(σ) were compared with the shell-model calculations. The shell-model calculations, which explained the isovector parts B(GT) and B(στ) reasonably well if the quenching factors of 0.5–0.7 were taken into account, did not describe the isoscalar part B(σ).© 2004 MAIK “Nauka / Interperiodica”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decay particles from the s-hole states in 11B and 15N have been measured in coincidence with the quasifree 12C(p, 2p) and 16O(p, 2p) reactions at Ep = 392 MeV. Triton decay is found to be dominant for the 11B(s-hole) state and also found to be larger than α decay for the 15N(s-hole) state despite its smaller Q value compared to α decay. Measured decay branching ratios are discussed in comparison with the results of statistical-model, SU(3)-model, and shell-model calculations. The energy spectra around the s-hole states in both 11B and 15N exhibit some bumplike structures, which can be qualitatively explained by recent shell-model calculations for both nuclei.© 2004 MAIK “Nauka / Interperiodica”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elemental maps of the Mg and Si sub-lattices of the Mg2Si phase in an Al-1.0mass% Mg2Si alloy were produced using an energy-filtering transmission electron microscope (EFTEM). Low magnification elemental maps were obtained using both low and high energy loss edges, and the intensities of the high energy loss edges were sufficiently high to allow the Mg2Si phase to be observed at high magnification. High-resolution core-loss images of Mg and Si-K edges were taken parallel to [001], [111] and [110] of the Mg2Si phase. In the [110] direction, Mg and Si atoms were successfully identified as sub-lattices. The Mg atoms formed a 0.39 nm diamond network, whereas the Si atoms formed a 0.32 nm by 0.22 nm rectangular network. This result is in good agreement with the projected potential of the Mg2Si phase in the [110] direction. This is the first report of magnesium and silicon atoms in the Mg2Si phase being successfully identified at the atomic level by EFTEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the assumption that isospin is a good quantum number, symmetry is expected for the transitions from the ground states of T = 1, Tz = ±1 nuclei to the common excited states of the Tz = 0 nucleus situated between the two nuclei. The symmetry can be studied by comparing the strengths of Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions obtained from a ( p, n)-type charge-exchange reaction on a target nucleus with Tz = 1 with those from the β-decay of the Tz = - 1 nucleus. The A = 58 system is the heaviest for which such a comparison is possible. As a part of the symmetry study, we measured the GT transitions from 58Ni ( Tz = 1) to 58Cu ( Tz = 0) by using the zero-degree (3 He, t) reaction at 150 MeV/nucleon. With the achieved resolution of 50 keV, many hitherto unresolved GT states have been identified. The GT transition strengths were obtained for states up to 8 MeV excitation, i.e., near to the Q window limitation ( QEC = 9.37 MeV) of the β-decay from 58Zn ( Tz = - 1) to 58Cu. The strength distribution is compared with that from shell-model calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the utility of serum phospholipid fatty acid (FA) levels as a biochemical indicator of habitual dietary fatty acid intake in Japanese, whose diet is characterized by low fat intake and high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of marine origin.Subjects and Methods: Eighty-seven male volunteers from four public health center districts that were part of the Japan Public Health Center based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) cohort I, were included in this study. Habitual intake of fatty acid was obtained by 7 day weighed dietary records four times (in one area only twice) in 1994--1995. Blood was collected twice, in February and August of the same year, and the composition of FA in serum phospholipid was analyzed by gas chromatography. The correlation coefficient between serum phospholipid FA levels and fatty acid intake was calculated.Results: High correlations were observed for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are marine origin n-3 PUFA (r=0.75, 0.49, 0.50, respectively). No significant correlation was observed for saturated fatty acid (SFA), although the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), palmitoleic acid and oleic acid intake were moderately correlated (r=0.22, 0.35, respectively). The correlations for EPA, DPA and DHA were similar in both samples collected in February and August.Conclusions: These data suggest that in populations with a high and stable over time intake of n-3 PUFA of marine origin, a single measurement of serum phospholipids reflects the ranking of habitual intake of marine origin n-3 PUFA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on a study that assessed the utility of serum phospholipid fatty acid levels as a biochemical indicator of habitual dietary fatty intake in Japanese. Methodology of the study; Results and discussion on the study.

The hepatic mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity was measured by fluorimetric assay in dairy cows with or without fatty liver. CPT activities in 13 lactating cattle and in 6 non-lactating cows were 304.4±86.6 μmol CoA/min per g protein and 169.3±84.8 μmol CoA/min per g protein, respectively. This difference was significant (<0.05). CPT activities in early lactation (0–110 days after calving), mid-lactation (111–220 days after calving) and late lactation (over 220 days after calving) were 278.9±68.0, 312.4±124.1 and 320±59.3 μmol CoA/min per g protein, respectively. There was no significant difference between the values at different stages of lactation. The CPT activity in 10 lactating cows with fatty liver unrelated to calving was 201.3±80.0 μmol CoA/min per g protein. CPT activity in 10 cattle with fatty liver was significantly lower than that in normal lactating cattle. Based on these findings, clinical fatty liver unrelated to calving appears to be associated with a decrease in hepatic CPT activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasma concentrations of fructose, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) were measured in dogs and cats. Changes in these concentrations were investigated in dogs by an intravenous fructose tolerance test (IVFTT) at a dose of 0.1 g/kg body weight. Fructose concentrations in the plasma of dogs were significantly higher than those of cats. There was no significant difference in plasma glucose concentrations between dogs and cats. Plasma FFA concentrations decreased and TG concentrations increased after feeding in both dogs and cats. During the IVFTT, the plasma fructose concentrations in the dogs increased rapidly to a peak by 2 min and then decreased to half of the peak by 5 min after the administration of fructose. Administration of fructose resulted in an increase in the plasma TG concentrations and reduced plasma FFA concentrations in the dogs. Only 4% of the administered fructose was detected in the urine of dogs following IVFTT. Plasma fructose was considered to be rapidly absorbed and metabolized in both dogs and cats. However, as with glucose metabolism, there appear to be some differences in fructose metabolism between dogs and cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the Ti/Al ratio and Cr, Nb, and Hf additions on material factors, such as the grain size, second phase, la tice parameters and the axial ratio, and on mechanical properties in TiAl-base alloys has been studied. The grain size was decreased by the deviation from the stoichiometric composition o the Ti-rich side and the addition of the third elements. The Cr element was contained a little more in TiAl phase than in TiAl phase in two-phase Ti-rich alloys. The lattice parameters, a and c, and the axial ratio, c/a, of the binary alloys varied linearly with decreasing Al content even in the dual-phase region. The Cr addition decreased the a and c and also c/a. The Nb addition increased weakly the a and c and c/a. On the contrary, the Hf addition increased the a and c but decreased the c/a ratio. In the Cr added alloys, the decrease of volume of a unit cell, due to the substitution of Cr atoms for Ti and Al atoms, was larger than that expected from the difference of atom sizes. The Nb addition should decrease the volume of a unit cell, but it increased the volume. The Hf addition caused a larger increase of volume of a unit cell than that expected from the difference of atom sizes. We suggested that the Cr addition increases and the Nb and Hf additions decrease the bond strength in TiAl. The deviation from stoichiometry and the addition of third elements caused an increase of work-hardening rate. The alloys with Ti-rich composition have superior mechanical properties compared to those of alloys vith Al-rich composition. The Cr addition resulted in high solution hardening, and the Ti-47A1 3Cr (in atomic percent) alloys had the highest fracture strain of 2.7 pct in all alloys tested. The Nb addition resulted in poor ductility in both Ti- and Al-rich alloys. The Hf additions to the Ti-rich composition caused better mechanical properties than those of Al-rich alloys. Thi; trend was also similar to the Nb-added alloys. In the Hf-added alloys, the Ti-49Al-2Hf alloy has rather high ductility of about 2.15 pct. The effect of structural parameters on mechanical properties was discussed. The smaller grain size and the smaller axial ratio tended to result in larger ductility. The increase of the bond strength might improve ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localization of carboxyl proteinase (cathepsin D) and cysteine proteinases (cathepsins B, H, and L) in Golgi region was studied using an immunoenzyme technique. Rat livers and kidneys were used. The results obtained from the livers were similar to those from the kidneys. All cathepsins were detected in lysosomal compartments such as secondary lysosomes, multivesicular bodies (endosomes), and autophagosomes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), including nuclear envelope was focally stained. Most of Golgi cisternae were negative, but sometimes only one cisterna or the terminal portion of the cisterna were stained focally. Rarely, the trans Golgi network (TGN) was positive for the proteinases. Among numerous Golgi vesicles, only a few of them were stained. The positive vesicles were divided into two groups, one had a bristle coat and heavily stained, and other were smaller than 40 nm in diameter and weakly stained. The small vesicles seemed to bud from the ER and to fuse with the Golgi cisternae, while the large clathrin-coated vesicles seem to bud from the TGN. The results suggests that cathepsins are transported by vesicular system from the rER to lysosomes via Golgi apparatus. In addition, it is suggested that the small vesicles transport the proteinases from the ER to the Golgi cisternae and the large clathrin-coated vesicles from the Golgi cisternae to the lysosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New polarimeter based on the asymmetry measurement in dp-elastic scattering has been constructed at internal target at Nuclotron (JINR). The result on the deuteron analyzing powers A, A and A in the deuteron-proton ( dp) elastic scattering at the energies of 880 and 2000 MeV are presented. They are compared with different theoretical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our previous measurement of pd radiative capture at E d = 137 and 196 MeV, we found an interesting fact that the measured tensor analyzing powers show the relation A xx ≈ A yy , although calculated A xx and A yy are apparently different, A xx ≠ A yy . The measured A yy agrees fairly well with the 3 N calculations, and the measured A xx largely disagrees with calculated A xx . Similar experiments on pd capture have been made at KVI at nearly the same energies of 130–180 MeV. The KVI data also support A xx ≈ A yy relation, but absolute values of A xx and A yy at KVI are about half of RCNP data. Therefore, we made a new experiment of pd capture at E d = 196 MeV. A zz was measured in three different ways, and data analysis is in progress. Preliminary data seem to support our previous data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a brief survey of matching conditions for artificial aurora optical experiments utilizing the second electron gyro-harmonic (2.7-MHz frequency) in F region heating with O-mode at the EISCAT Tromsø site using dynasonde data from 2000 to 2017. Our survey indicates the following: The possible conditions for successful artificial aurora experiments are concentrated on twilight hours in both evening and morning, compared with late night hours; the possible conditions appear in fall, winter, and spring, while there is no chance in summer, and the month-to-month variation among fall, winter, and spring is not so clear; the year-to-year variation is well correlated with the solar activity. These characteristics in the case of 2.7-MHz frequency are basically similar to those previously reported in the case of 4-MHz frequency. However, the number of days meeting the possible condition in the case of 2.7-MHz frequency is obviously large, compared with that in the case of 4-MHz frequency. In particular, unlike the 4-MHz frequency operation, the 2.7-MHz frequency operation can provide many chances for successful artificial aurora experiments even during the solar minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a brief survey on conditions for artificial aurora optical experiments in F region heating with O-mode at the EISCAT Tromsø site using dynasonde data from 2000 to 2017. The results obtained in our survey indicate the following: The possible conditions for conducting artificial aurora experiments are concentrated in twilight hours in both evening and morning, compared with late-night hours; the possible conditions appear in fall, winter, and spring, while there is no chance in summer, and the month-to-month variation among fall, winter, and spring is not clear. The year-to-year variation is well correlated with the solar cycle, and experiments during the solar minimum would be almost hopeless. These findings are useful for planning future artificial aurora optical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]