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Mistletoe is a hemi-parasitic shrub and grows on different host trees and used as a remedy for some disease therapies. In this study, mistletoe fruits and leaves growing on different host tree genera were compared in terms bioactivity and antibacterial efficiency. For this purpose, mistletoe samples were collected from seven different tree genera (black locust, wild pear, pine, hawthorn, willow, apricot and almond) and removed their fruits and leaves. At the beginning, the most suitable solvent for the extraction was determined using optimization procedure of simplex lattice mixture design. The most effective solvent showing the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and antiradical activity (ARA) was determined as ethanol:water (92.5:7.5) for the fruit and ethanol:water (30:70) for the leaf extraction. TPC values of the leaf and fruit samples ranged between 7 and 21.2 and 3.2–6.9 mg GAE/g, respectively. The results showed significant differences based on the tree genus and the highest antioxidant and antiradical activities were monitored for the black locust tree while the lowest values were in willow tree. For antibacterial activity, the highest inhibition zone was obtained from wild pear leaf extract for Salmonella Typhimurium. Mistletoe leave extracts showed a remarkable superiority bioactive performance than those of the mistletoe fruits for all tree genus. Experimental design showing the workflow for the bioactive performance of mistletoe fruit and leaf collected from different tree genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in the Chemistry of Natural Compounds journal, explores the lipid contents and mineral elements of different cowpea genotypes. Cowpea is an important crop in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The study examines the nutritional value of cowpea, including its high protein content, low fat content, vitamins, mineral substances, and dietary fibers. The research also analyzes the fatty acid composition of different cowpea genotypes, finding variations in the levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, the study investigates the mineral contents of different genotypes, identifying significant differences in the levels of various elements. This information can be valuable for researchers studying the nutritional composition and potential health benefits of cowpea. [Extracted from the article]

Acorns are commonly used to meet energy, protein, and mineral needs of livestock in various parts of the world. However, since acorns have quite a high moisture content at harvest, they should be stored as dried to prevent loss of nutrients and spoilage throughout storage periods. The aim of this study is to determine the drying kinetics, color, energy aspects, crude protein, crude ash, crude oil, fatty acid composition, ADF, NDF, condensed tannin, and mineral composition properties of acorns dried at gradually increasing drying temperatures. Drying processes were carried out in an air-convective dryer at temperatures of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 °C. The Logistic model was identified as the best model for describing current drying conditions. Increasing drying temperatures reduced L* (lightness) values and increased thermal efficiency and effective moisture diffusion values. In terms of energy efficiency, the best outcomes were achieved at 80 °C and 120 °C drying temperatures. Drying temperatures had highly significant effects on nutritional traits of acorn samples. Increasing drying temperatures increased fiber content, gas-methane production, and energy values and reduced crude protein and oil contents. Some minerals decreased and some others increased with increasing drying temperatures. Increasing drying temperatures caused slight changes in fatty acid compositions. In terms of animal drying and feeding characteristics, it was determined that a drying temperature of 80 °C was ideal for acorn drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some reports on mineral elements and fatty acid compositions of different legumes species have been published by several researchers in Turkey [[4]-[15]]. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining fatty acids and mineral element composition of narbon vetch lines to establish nutritional value for breeder and producers. Unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) acids, which were determined to be higher than other fatty acids, were also found to be higher in many legume forage plant seeds such as I Medicago i , I Lotus corniculatus i , I Trigonella foenum-graecum i , I Trifolium i spp., I Onobrychis fallax i , and I Vicia i spp. [[7], [17]]. Fatty acids and mineral elements also play an important role in animal feeding. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, deep fried gluten free chips were manufactured using sorghum flour at different concentrations (5, 20, 35 and 50 g/100 g) and in vitro glycemic index, total antioxidant capacity and some physicochemical characteristics (dry matter, ash, oil, protein and color) and overall acceptability of the samples were investigated. Protein, oil and total dietary fiber levels of the samples ranged between 5.39–8.28, 23.58–29.10 and 5.59–6.60 g/100 g, respectively and increase in sorghum flour level resulted in an increase in these studied quality parameters of the chips samples. Ferric reducing antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging performance were affected positively by the addition of sorghum flour. Total starch hydrolysis index and estimated glycemic index values were affected by the sorghum flour addition negatively due to the increased total dietary fiber content of the chips samples. All chips samples enriched with sorghum flour showed similar overall acceptability and increased sorghum concentration decreased the preference scores slightly. All these results could be considered for the manufacturing of the gluten free deep fried sorghum based chips samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: Present findings revealed a great variation in protein, oil, starch, tannin and phytic acid-like biochemical attributes of sorghum genotypes. GT bi-plot analysis was used for assessment of biochemical analysis results. Sorghum is quite resistant to negative environmental conditions. Thus, it has become the basic source of nutrient in majority of developing countries. It is also used as a supporting product against several diseases. In this study, biochemical composition of new 154 sorghum lines, selected from Turkish sorghum landraces through morphological, biochemical and molecular studies, was determined. Present findings revealed based on average of two years that crude protein content of 80 lines (> 9.65%), digestible protein content of 94 lines (> 56.25%), crude oil content of 75 lines (> 3.87%), resistant starch ratio of 32 lines (> 3.93%), starch content of two lines (> 77.07%) and amylose content of 10 lines (> %25.26) were greater than standard cultivar with the greatest values and amylopectin contents of 74 lines (< 47.75%) were lower than the standard cultivar with the lowest values. As the average of years, phytic acid contents and condense tannins contents of the lines, respectively, varied between 0.02 (IS 12850/1)—6.49% (PI 177161 03/2) and 0.09 (IS 12819/1)–5.38% (PI 255738 02/3). With this study, several sorghum lines superior than the standard cultivars were identified. Those lines can be used for direct cultivar registration in short run and can be used as parent materials in further breeding studies to be conducted for various purposes in long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important of the unsaturated fatty acids in seeds are oleic acid (18:1), lineloic acid (18:2), and linolenic acid (18:3) fatty acids. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil of broad beans revealed that the fatty acid content was composed of 10 different fatty acids. The total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid values we obtained from the seeds of broad bean genotypes were found to be similar to those in many previous studies [[15], [18]]. The fatty acids palmitic acid (16:0), arachidonic acid (20:0), myristic acid (14:0), and pentadecanoic acid (15:0) in broad bean seeds are classified as saturated fatty acids. [Extracted from the article]

An abstract of the article "Fatty Acid and Metal Composition of the Seeds of Lathyrus sativus Varieties" by Kagan Kokten, Mahmut Kaplan, Sati Uzun, and Hakan Inci is presented.

The article discusses the study which determines the trace elements and fatty acid (FA) of the seeds of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) varieties from Turkey. The study characterize FA of the plant's seed used by animals throughout the field to contribute FA's renewable resource and establish nutritional value. Result shows that the fatty acid composition of some varieties for feed crops shows different unsaturated and saturated fatty acid concentrations such as linolenic and myristic acids.

The article presents a study which aims to determine the tannin, protein contents, and fatty acid composition of the seeds of Medicago L. species. The study involves oil extraction, preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and determination of protein and tannin contents. The result shows that the saturated and particularly unsaturated fatty acid contents of legumes seed oils are closely associated to each other and the primary components in the oils are linoleic-oleic type fatty acids.