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The purpose of this paper was to determine whether recommendations made by King & Murphy (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 44:2717–2733, 2014) in their review of the evidence on autistic people in contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) have been addressed. Research published since 2013 was systematically examined and synthesised. The quality of 47 papers was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings suggest a limited amount of good quality research has been conducted that has focused on improving our understanding of autistic people in contact with the CJS since 2013. Methodological limitations make direct comparisons between autistic and non-autistic offenders difficult. Autistic people commit a range of crimes and appear to have unique characteristics that warrant further exploration (i.e., vulnerabilities, motivations for offending). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the actions of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on calcium responses in secretory cells. Our studies were prompted by the widespread use of BDM as a myosin-ATPase inhibitor. Application of 10 mM BDM almost completely inhibited agonist-evoked amylase secretion from mouse pancreatic acinar cells. This action might be interpreted as indicating a role for myosin in secretion. However, BDM alone elicited a calcium response in single cells and this calcium signal was sufficient to activate calcium-dependent chloride currents. Furthermore, in some cases, BDM potentiated agonist-evoked calcium signals but almost always blocked agonist-evoked calcium oscillations. These effects of BDM were not due to an action on calcium influx pathways but rather to direct effects on IP3-sensitive stores. We conclude that BDM cannot be used for unequivocal identification of the involvement of myosin motors in a cellular response. Further, our evidence suggests that BDM can act directly to modify the opening of IP3 receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substance-specific services are tailored to address the inappropriate use of chemicals such as alcohol and marijuana. Unfortunately, few teens ever access such need-based services. This article explores the paths to substance-specific service use in a sample of urban adolescents who are public service sector users: a direct path from substance misuse and an indirect path from general mental health service use. Results indicate that even though a significant percentage of youths frequently consume substances and display negative use-related behaviors, few actually received substance-specific services. Contributors to the substance misuse path included youths' family substance dependence and environmental stressors. Contributors to the mental health services path were comorbid depression and substance misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study refines and tests an individual client model of service use and contrasts it with a model of service provision based on gateway provider perspectives. Structural equation models demonstrate that provider variables account for more service use variation than client variables. The client model accounts for 24% of the variance in service use, while the provider model accounts for 55% of the variance. Youth self-reported mental health was not positively associated with increased services or with provider perception of youth mental health. The provider model demonstrates the critical role played by provider perceptions, which are influenced more by work environment than by client problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]