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The production of paper–polymer composite materials based on polystyrene and plant extracts of coniferous trees is described. The resulting bioplastics have increased resistance to biodegradation and are a promising basis for use as reinforcing polymer systems of cellulose-containing materials used for the production of packaging materials and special-purpose papers as part of electrical devices for various purposes. It has been shown that the inclusion of plant extracts makes it possible to improve the physical and mechanical properties of paper composites and ensure their resistance to biocorrosion. The conducted research makes it possible to expand the areas of application of paper materials and products based on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of biodegradable composite materials based on polyvinyl alcohol, starch, and cellulose is described. The resulting bioplastics are as promising reinforcing polymer systems of cellulose-containing materials that used for the production of packaging materials of various purposes. It was shown that starch and cellulose inclusions make it possible to regulate the physical and mechanical properties of composites and to obtain rapidly degradable naturelike materials in environmental protection conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of bioplastics based on copolymers of maleic anhydride and glycerol with the addition of bioactive lactic acid units is described. The resulting copolymers are promising for use as reinforcing polymer systems of cellulose-containing materials used in packaging. It has been shown that the use of lactic acid allows one to obtain synthetic biopolymers that rapidly decompose under natural conditions, which is favorable for protecting the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of studies of coatings of wood materials obtained using tetrafluoroethylene telomers and water-based synthetic latexes—acrylic, styrene—acrylic, and polyurethane—have been presented. Optimal combinations of the applied layers of polymer coatings have been established that allow obtaining the highest quality surface of finished wood with low wettability, the value of which depends on the type of wood and the type of the composite coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of grafted copolymers for electrochemical devices by chemical graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and α, β, β-trifluorostyrene to a film fluorinated copolymer of hexafluoropropylene with vinylidene fluoride is described. The grafted copolymers contained carboxyl groups, and the sulfonation process was carried out for the additional introduction of ionogenic sulfo groups into the copolymer structure. The optimal conditions for conducting the process are determined, which make it possible to obtain grafted copolymers with a wide range of electrochemical and physicomechanical properties. The resulting products in the form of ion-conducting membranes can be used as parts of current sources and other electrochemical devices and have a specific volumetric electrical resistance of 0.46–1.41 Ω m, an exchange capacity of 1.45–1.62 meq/g, a moisture content of 25–62%, and a destructive stress of 0.82–1.08 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a procedure for determining residual amounts of four nitrofuran metabolites (3‑amino-2-oxazolidinone, 3-amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone, 1-aminohydantoin hydrochloride, and semicarbazide hydrochloride) in muscle tissue in the form of 2-nitrophenyl derivatives by HPLC with selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometric detection. The effect of the matrix suppression of ionization is shown. The selectivity of extraction is increased by optimizing the sample preparation procedure, and the effect of organic impurities on the result measurements is minimized. The lower limit of the analytical range is 10 μg/kg for semicarbazide hydrochloride and 1 μg/kg for the remaining nitrofuran metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current achievements in the field of aerobic waste processing into composts are reviewed, with an emphasis on amelioration of the environment and targeted use for intensification of agriculture. The methods for obtaining microbiological transformation products of household, agricultural, and industrial waste and their characteristics are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen fractions have been isolated by water–salt extraction from raw materials of animal origin (various tendon types or subcutaneous tissues of cattle or porcine skin). Collagen fractions with maximum capacity for water and fat retention were isolated with high efficiency by water–salt solutions containing 1–10% sodium chloride at temperatures below 50°C. The values of the effective constant of extraction rate (min–1) at pH 6.5, 9.0, and 12.0 were equal to (2.7 ± 0.1) × 10–3, (6.2 ± 0.5) × 10–3, and (15.4 ± 0.7) × 10–3, respectively. The optimum conditions found made it possible to isolate from collagen those proteinaceous fractions that are of practical use in food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]