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Background: Detailed clinical features other than parotid mass have not been investigated in detail for parotid tumors. Symptoms and signs are useful for the differentiation of benign versus malignant, and may also be of value to determine the grade of malignancy and histological type as well as the assessment of prognosis. Methods: We reviewed symptoms and signs of 965 patients with benign tumors and 200 patients with malignant tumors. Symptoms and signs included pain/tenderness, adhesion to surrounding tissues, and facial nerve palsy. We reviewed the incidence in benign and malignant tumors, in histological type of benign tumors, and in grade and histology of malignant tumors. For each symptom or sign, covariates were analyzed, and their correlation with the prognosis was investigated. Results: The incidence of symptoms and signs was significantly higher in malignant than benign tumors, and more frequent in higher grade of malignancy. Facial nerve palsy was observed in 18.0% of malignant tumor cases, while none occurred in benign tumor cases. Pain/tenderness was more commonly observed in adenoid cystic carcinoma, while adhesion to surrounding tissues and facial nerve palsy were most frequently noted in salivary duct carcinoma. The prognosis of patients with these symptoms and signs was significantly poor. Conclusion: A detailed investigation of symptoms and signs in parotid gland tumors is the first step that leads to the diagnosis of malignant tumors. Symptoms and signs are also useful for estimating the grade of malignancy and histological type, and they are important information for predicting prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: At least 3 years of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is required to achieve long-term clinical tolerance for allergens. However, immunological changes with more than 3 years of SLIT have not yet been elucidated in detail. The present study investigated whether the numbers of regulatory T (Treg) cells and regulatory B (Breg) cells increased with 4 years of SLIT and if these increases correlated with clinical effects for pollinosis. Methods: Seven Japanese cedar pollinosis patients received SLIT in 2014 or 2015 and continued treatment until May 2019. In May 2017 and May 2019, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from the patients, and analyzed by flow cytometer. Results: (1) The visual analogue scale (VAS) was significantly higher in 2019 than in 2017. (2) The percentages of Foxp3+ Treg cells, type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, and Breg cells in PBMCs were significantly higher in 2019 than in 2017. (3) The percentage of Foxp3+ Treg cells in PBMCs positively correlated with VAS, whereas those of Tr1 cells and Breg cells did not. Conclusions: These results suggest that 4 years of SLIT is needed to achieve sustained increases in Foxp3+ Treg cells, which are closely associated with the efficacy of SLIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laryngeal saccular cyst, Obstructive sleep apnea, Continuous positive airway pressure, Trans oral surgery, Apnea hypopnea index Keywords: Laryngeal saccular cyst; Obstructive sleep apnea; Continuous positive airway pressure; Apnea hypopnea index; Trans oral surgery EN Laryngeal saccular cyst Obstructive sleep apnea Continuous positive airway pressure Apnea hypopnea index Trans oral surgery 385 386 2 07/03/23 20230701 NES 230701 When diagnosing OSA, it is important to identify the cause of upper airway stricture before introducing Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). [Extracted from the article]

Objective: Electroneurography (ENoG) reliably predicts the prognosis of facial palsy. However, the results of ENoG are dependent on the location, where the wave is detected, as a compound muscle action potential (CMAP) arising from the facial muscles. To minimize errors in prognostic prediction, we analysed the latencies of facial CMAPs. Materials and methods: Fifty-seven patients with unilateral peripheral facial palsy and 24 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Amplitudes, negative peak latencies (NPL), and rise latencies (RL) of CMAPs were measured on the paralysed and healthy sides in patients and in healthy volunteers. The relationships of these latencies with ENoG values and the lowest House–Brackmann (H–B) scores were also analysed. Results: The amplitude of CMAP on the paralysed side was smaller, and NPL and RL were longer, than those on the healthy side in patients and healthy volunteers (p < 0.01). In patients, there was no difference in NPL between the ENoG < 40% group and the ENoG ≥ 40% group. Conversely, there was a significant difference in RL between the ENoG < 40% group and ENoG ≥ 40% group (p = 0.03). No relationships were observed between NPL or RL and the lowest H–B score. Conclusions: NPL and RL of CMAP on the paralysed side were equivalent or longer than those on the healthy side. During ENoG for facial palsy, CMAP should be measured on the healthy side first, and then detected (and the amplitude measured) on the paralysed side with reference to CMAP latency on the healthy side, to reduce errors in detecting facial CMAPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]