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In the past few decades, significant research has accumulated on the importance of moral disengagement (Bandura, American Psychologist, 44, 1175–1184, 1989) for understanding why individuals engage in misconduct. The current research extends this work by exploring the implications of moral disengagement at the team level. Specifically, we examine how and under what conditions composing teams with morally disengaging members (i.e., team moral disengagement composition) affects team performance. In a time-lagged study of newly formed teams (N = 94), we show that team moral disengagement composition is positively associated with team-level interpersonal deviance and negatively related to team cooperation and team performance. We further show that team moral disengagement composition adversely affects team performance primarily through (low) team cooperation. However, this negative, indirect effect dissipates in teams that exhibit strong (versus weaker) collective extraversion—an emergent state that captures team sociability norms and behavioral regularities indicative of positive social interaction among team members. We discuss the implications of our findings for moral disengagement theory in team contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strategies to expand numbers of deceased donor kidneys suitable for pediatric recipients are urgently needed to prevent long-term dialysis-associated morbidity and mortality. Donors designated as increased risk of disease transmission (IRD) are infrequently used in pediatric recipients. We examined outcomes of these kidneys in pediatric patients and the potential to increase the donor pool. Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database records presence of IRD in all deceased donors since 2004. All pediatric kidney transplant recipients from 2004 to 2017 were identified and stratified by IRD status, and outcomes were examined. Results: Four hundred seventy-three pediatric kidney transplant recipients received an IRD allograft. IRD donors had lower kidney donor profile index (KDPI); were more likely to be younger, male, and Caucasian; and were more likely to have used drugs. IRD kidneys were more likely to have been biopsied and placed on pulsatile perfusion. Other than an older recipient age, demographic data were not different between groups. Allograft and patient survivals were similar, as were rejection and delayed graft function rates. Compared with adult recipients and adult IRD recipients, pediatric recipients were more likely to have a younger donor, receive a kidney with a lower creatinine, and were less likely to have delayed graft function (p < 0.05). There were no recorded disease transmissions in IRD group. Conclusions: Patient and allograft survivals are similar in IRD and non-IRD kidneys. High-quality IRD organs used in adults represent a large number of donors with excellent outcomes. IRD allografts have a potential to increase transplant volume and should be considered for pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with evidence suggesting that en bloc pediatric kidneys may be better than grafts from traditional donors for transplantation in adults. Studies suggest that single-organ or en bloc transplantation of pediatric kidneys into adults is linked to 15% rate of technical complications. Results of various studies have shown that adult recipients of these kidneys have higher functional glomerular reserve and a lower risk of hyperfiltration than recipients of a single adult kidney.