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Enzymes with industrial significance are typically used in biological processes. However, instability, high sensitivity, and impractical recovery are the major drawbacks of enzymes in practical applications. In recent years, the immobilization technology has attracted wide attention to overcoming these restrictions and improving the efficiency of enzyme applications. Chitosan (CS) is a unique functional substance with biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and antibacterial properties. Chitosan composites are anticipated to be widely used in the near future for a variety of purposes, including as supports for enzyme immobilization, because of their advantages. Therefor this review explores the effects of the chitosan's structure, molecular weight, degree of deacetylation on the enzyme immobilized, effect of key factors, and the enzymes immobilized on chitosan based composites for numerous applications, including the fields of biosensor, biomedical science, food industry, environmental protection, and industrial production. Moreover, this study carefully investigates the advantages and disadvantages of using these composites as well as their potential in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prediction utility of Framingham Risk Score in populations with low conventional cardiovascular risk burden is limited, particularly among women. Gender-specific markers to predict cardiovascular risk in overtly healthy people are lacking. In this study we hypothesize that postprandial responses triggered by a high-calorie meal test differ by gender in their ability to triage asymptomatic subjects into those with and without subclinical atherosclerosis. A total of 101 healthy Chinese subjects (46 females, 55 males) at low risk of coronary heart disease completed the study. Subjects underwent cardiovascular imaging and postprandial blood phenotyping after consuming a standardized macronutrient meal. Prediction models were developed using logistic regression and subsequently subjected to cross-validation to obtain a de-optimized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Distinctive gender differences in postprandial trajectories of glucose, lipids and inflammatory markers were observed. We used gender-specific association with different combinations of postprandial predictors to develop 2 models for predicting risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in males (ROC AUC = 0.7867, 95% CI 0.6567, 0.9166) and females (ROC AUC = 0.9161, 95% CI 0.8340, 0.9982) respectively. We report novel postprandial models for predicting subclinical atherosclerosis in apparently healthy Asian subjects using a gender-specific approach, complementing the conventional Framingham Risk Score. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03531879. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 2,2′:6′,2′-terpyridine conjugated nitrogen mustard derivatives with structurally symmetrical character and rather small molecular size have been synthesized by a two-step process, and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectra. Photophysical properties of these compounds have been characterized by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds exhibit high antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231, Siha, 786-O, and A549 cell lines. The most potent compound 1a significantly retards the crawling ability and migration capability of A549 cells and inhibits cells proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looked at novel data sources for cardiovascular risk prediction including detailed lifestyle questionnaire and continuous blood pressure monitoring, using ensemble machine learning algorithms (MLAs). The reference conventional risk score compared against was the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The outcome variables were low or high risk based on calcium score 0 or calcium score 100 and above. Ensemble MLAs were built based on naive bayes, random forest and support vector classifier for low risk and generalized linear regression, support vector regressor and stochastic gradient descent regressor for high risk categories. MLAs were trained on 600 Southeast Asians aged 21 to 69 years free of cardiovascular disease. All MLAs outperformed the FRS for low and high-risk categories. MLA based on lifestyle questionnaire only achieved AUC of 0.715 (95% CI 0.681, 0.750) and 0.710 (95% CI 0.653, 0.766) for low and high risk respectively. Combining all groups of risk factors (lifestyle survey questionnaires, clinical blood tests, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate monitoring) along with feature selection, prediction of low and high CVD risk groups were further enhanced to 0.791 (95% CI 0.759, 0.822) and 0.790 (95% CI 0.745, 0.836). Besides conventional predictors, self-reported physical activity, average daily heart rate, awake blood pressure variability and percentage time in diastolic hypertension were important contributors to CVD risk classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]