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Shear failure of bedding slopes along weak zones is the main failure mechanism of the Layue landslide. To investigate the seismic dynamic response and destabilization failure mode of rock slopes with laminated fracture structures, a two-dimensional shaking table test with different ground motion inputs was performed, taking into consideration a variety of factors, such as the input seismic wave type and amplitude. The results show that the ground shaking characteristics and geological structure of the slope are the decisive factors in determining the seismic dynamic stability and failure mode of the slope. The horizontal dynamic response of the slope has an obvious elevation amplification effect and topographic effect, and the elevation has less influence on the vertical dynamic response of the slope. The ground motion amplification effect is related to the mechanical strength of the structural surface, the waveform of seismic waves, and the spectral characteristics. The sine wave has a more significant influence on the amplification effect of the slope than the natural wave. The slope cracks are initiated and propagate at the weakest part depending on the dominant structural surface and trace to the joint surface to form creep sections and locking sections. The strength parameter of the joint surface weakens under the action of geological agents, which results in two failure modes of the slope: the forward failure mode and the backward failure mode. The former refers to the potential slip belt lap through from the trailing edge to the front edge, where the sliding mass is cut out from the high position. The latter refers to the potential slip belt lap through the front edge to the trailing edge, and the sliding mass breaks down and is destroyed. Through a unique adaptive device, the seismic anchor cable can coordinate the deformation of the anchor cable with the rock-soil body, which can reduce the risk of a slope earthquake disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photochemical vapor generation (PVG) of germanium (Ge) was first reported in this work. The synergistic effect from cobalt/chloride ions and air-liquid interfaces was found for the PVG of Ge. No obvious signal response was observed from the standard solution of Ge in 10% (v/v) formic acids (FAs) under UV irradiation. The addition of 300 mg L−1 of Co2+ and 30 mmol L−1 of Cl− resulted in enhanced photochemical reduction for Ge, and the introduction of air-liquid interfaces proceeding and succeeding the sample solution caused another 4.6 folds of enhancement in signal response of Ge. Under the selected condition, the limit of detection (LOD, 3σ, n = 11) was obtained to be 0.008 ng mL−1 with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) measurement. A good precision, expressed as a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 7) of 2.0%, was found from replicated measurements of 2 ng mL−1 of Ge. The generation efficiency was found to be no better than 9 ± 2%. The PVG mechanism of Ge was investigated in this work. The new finding is useful for understanding the principle of PVG, and further exploring the analytical and environmental application of PVG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]