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Background: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic anatomical left hemihepatectomy guided by the middle hepatic vein (MHV) for the treatment of patients with hepatolithiasis who had a history of upper abdominal surgery. Methods: Retrospective data analysis was performed on patients who underwent laparoscopic left hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis and with previous upper abdominal surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2018 to April 2022. According to the different surgical approaches, patients were divided into laparoscopic anatomical left hepatectomy guided by the MHV group (MHV-AH group) and laparoscopic traditional anatomical left hepatectomy not guided by the MHV group (non-MHV-AH group). Results: This study included 81 patients, with 37 and 44 patients in the MHV-AH and non-MHV-AH groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the basic information between the two groups. Five cases were converted to laparotomy, and the remaining were successfully completed under laparoscopy. Compared to the non-MHV-AH group, the MHV-AH group had a slightly longer operation time (319.30 min vs 273.93 min, P = 0.032), lower bile leakage rate (5.4% vs 20.5%, P = 0.047), stone residual rate (2.7% vs 20.5%, P = 0.015), stone recurrence rate (5.4% vs 22.7%, P = 0.028), and cholangitis recurrence rate (2.7% vs 22.7%, P = 0.008).There were no significant differences in the results of other observation indices between the groups. Conclusions: Laparoscopic anatomical left hepatectomy guided by the MHV is safe and effective in the treatment of left hepatolithiasis with a history of upper abdominal surgery. It does not increase intraoperative bleeding and reduces the risk of postoperative bile leakage, residual stones, stone recurrence, and cholangitis recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript aims to clarify the origins of Western rhinosurgery through the ancient texts of the greatest physicians of the past, up to the Byzantine Era, focusing on the "exchange of knowledge" between peoples. This excursus is carried out by quoting the texts of the greatest doctors of the past, such as Hippocrates, Galen and Celsus and by analysing the works of Byzantine authors such as Oribasius, Aetius, Antillus, which, more than others, represent the moment of fusion and interpenetration of Ancient Medical knowledge, paving the way for the Medieval Scholae Medicae in the West. The aim, therefore, is to fill that sort of "great gap" (from the foundation of Constantinople in the 4th century AD to the early Arab culture in the 11th century AD) due to the fact that figures such as Branca, Vianeo and, finally, Tagliacozzi, are considered direct actors of a recovery of the "ancient knowledge" of classic authors. This literature tends to less evaluate, instead, that important and huge cultural exchange -literally osmotic- in medical and surgical knowledge between peoples and civilizations, that find a trait d'union in the application of medical knowledge and surgical practical techniques matured in the Byzantine, Arab and Early Medieval period. In final analysis, through the History of Rhinosurgery, this paper aims to highlight how Western medical knowledge is made up of the ensemble of cultures which are apparently distant and different from each other, which merge themselves in a truly universal and transcultural knowledge: the Medical knowledge. Level of Evidence V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The improved prognosis of Crohn's disease may increase the opportunities of surgical treatment for patients with Crohn's disease and the risk of development of colorectal cancer. We herein describe a patient with Crohn's disease and a history of multiple surgeries who developed rectal stump carcinoma that was treated laparoscopically and transperineally. Case presentation: A 51-year-old man had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease 35 years earlier and had undergone several operations for treatment of Crohn's colitis. Colonoscopic examination was performed and revealed rectal cancer at the residual rectum. The patient was then referred to our department. The tumor was diagnosed as clinical T2N0M0, Stage I. We treated the tumor by combination of laparoscopic surgery and concomitant transperineal resection of the rectum. While the intra-abdominal adhesion was dissected laparoscopically, rectal dissection in the correct plane progressed by the transperineal approach. The rectal cancer was resected without involvement of the resection margin. The duration of the operation was 3 h 48 min, the blood loss volume was 50 mL, and no intraoperative complications occurred. The pathological diagnosis of the tumor was type 5 well- and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, pT2N0, Stage I. No recurrence was evident 3 months after the operation, and no adjuvant chemotherapy was performed. Conclusion: The transperineal approach might be useful in patients with Crohn's disease who develop rectal cancer after multiple abdominal surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Recent studies showed that women after surgery are at higher risk of delivering small-for-gestational infants. Thus, this study aims to investigate longitudinal changes of fetal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (FSCTT) of fetuses conceived after gastric bypass surgery as compared to BMI-matched controls. Methods: Retrospective cohort study measuring ultrasound-derived longitudinal trajectories of abdominal FSCTT in 41 singleton pregnancies after gastric bypass surgery compared to 41 BMI-matched controls and 64 obese mothers. Results: FSCTT was significantly lower in fetuses of women after GB as compared to BMI-matched controls in the second (mean difference 1.38 mm, p < 0.001) and third trimester of gestation (mean difference 3.37 mm, p < 0.001). Longitudinal analysis revealed significant differences in mean FSCTT trajectories between offspring's in GB mothers, BMI-matched, or obese controls. The ratio of FSCTT and abdominal circumference remained constant in the BMI-matched control group whereas it significantly decreased in fetuses of women after GB. Despite remarkable differences were observed in longitudinally assessed FSCTT, further analyses in the GB subgroup revealed that FSCTT were not influenced by OGTT mean or 120 min glucose values, biochemically hypoglycemia, time since bariatric surgery, or weight loss since surgery. Conclusion: In fetuses of mothers with history of bariatric surgery, abdominal FSCTT was markedly reduced. While the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, a multifactorial genesis including nutritional deficiencies and altered metabolism after bariatric surgery is assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Of the Study: The purpose of this historic review is to summarize the life and work of Abulcasis (936-1013) and his contribution to surgery and orthopaedics.Method: We conducted an extensive search in libraries as well as online in PubMed and Google Scholar.Results: Abulcasis in his work combines the knowledge of ancient Greek and Roman physicians and surgeons with the extensive knowledge of Arabic medicine and pharmacology. He also pioneered surgical technique with the invention of numerous surgical instruments and with several revolutionary surgical techniques.Conclusion: Abulcasis made an impact with his medical writings in which he summarized the works of ancient Greek and Roman physicians like Hippocrates and Galen with the influence of medieval authors and the knowledge of the Arabic medicine and pharmacology. His descriptions and innovations in his work remained a work of reference in the West and East for many centuries to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To highlight the most important innovations and milestones in the historical evolution of amputation and disarticulation surgery through the ages, from the early antiquity until the modern era.Method: A thorough search of the literature was undertaken in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize current and classic literature on the hallmarks of the history of amputation surgery in the course of medical history.Results: Amputation of a limb is one of the oldest surgical procedures. Initially, it was fraught with complications and dismal outcome of the patients because of hemorrhage and infection. Due to lack of analgesics and narcotics the operation had to take only a few minutes. Obtaining experience, the surgeons evolved the operative technique and refined the procedure, anesthesia and perioperative analgesia was introduced, instruments were developed, and rehabilitation has enabled functional and social reintegration of amputees.Conclusion: From the Hippocratic era until currently, the surgical approach to amputation has changed little. However, the indications for amputations have changed a lot and had been refined, especially in diabetic patients and in those with severe chronic peripheral vascular disease. An exponential decrease in mortality for an operation once fraught with complications was due to the development of the tourniquet, proper vessel ligation and repair, antisepsis, and anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is an increasingly common treatment for morbid obesity that has the potential to effect bone and mineral metabolism. The effect of prior BS on spine surgery outcomes has not been well established. The aim of this study was to assess differences in complication rates following spinal surgery for patients with and without a history of BS.Methods: Retrospective analysis of the prospectively collected New York State Inpatient Database (NYSID) years 2004-2013. BS patients and morbidly obese patients (non-BS) were divided into cervical and thoracolumbar surgical groups and propensity score matched for age, gender, and invasiveness and complications compared.Results: One thousand nine hundred thirty-nine spine surgery patients with a history of BS were compared to 1625 non-BS spine surgery patients. The average time from bariatric surgery to spine surgery is 2.95 years. After propensity score matching, 740 BS patients were compared to 740 non-BS patients undergoing thoracolumbar surgery, with similar comorbidity rates. The overall complication rate for BS thoracolumbar patients was lower than non-BS (45.8% vs 58.1%, P < 0.001), with lower rates of device-related (6.1% vs 23.2%, P < 0.001), DVT (1.2% vs 2.7%, P = 0.039), and hematomas (1.5% vs 4.5%, P < 0.001). Neurologic complications were similar between BS patients and non-BS patients (2.3% vs 2.7%, P = 0.62). For patients undergoing cervical spine surgery, BS patients experienced lower rates of bowel issues, device-related, and overall complication than non-BS patients (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Bariatric surgery patients undergoing spine surgery experience lower overall complication rates than morbidly obese patients. This study warrants further investigation into these populations to mitigate risks associated with spine surgery for bariatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to summarize the life and work of Jean-Louis Petit, his inventions, his discoveries, and his impact on the evolution of surgery of his era.Method: A thorough search of the literature was undertaken in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize current and classic literature on Petit.Results: Jean-Louis Petit (1674-1750) was an eminent anatomist and surgeon of his era with an invaluable contribution to clinical knowledge, surgical technique, and instrumentation as well as innovative therapeutic modalities and basic scientific discoveries.Conclusion: Jean-Louis Petit was an innovative anatomist and surgeon as well as an excellent clinician of his era. He revolutionized the surgical technique of his era with a significant contribution to what would later become orthopaedic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bariatric surgery has become a popular treatment modality for obesity in Malaysia. However, the absence of a standardized national registry has led to paucity of information pertaining to quantity and quality of bariatric surgery in Malaysia. In the absence of a national registry, a nationwide survey was conducted with the aim of establishing a fair estimate of case volume based on type of procedure and to identify the total number of surgeons performing those procedures at their respective centers from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2016. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to bariatric surgeons throughout Malaysia. The data along with a brief narrative of the history and progress of bariatric surgery in Malaysia is presented in this report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Heidelberg surgeon Vincenz Czerny (1842-1916) is remembered as pioneer of innovative operations as well as entrepreneur of interdisciplinary cancer therapy. The purpose of this paper is to describe his role during the early history of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Method: Based on documents from the Nobel Archive, this paper investigates how Czerny contributed, both as nominee and nominator, in shaping the early years of Nobel Prize history. Results: Vincenz Czerny was nominated at least three times for the Nobel Prize, but he was never selected. Czerny's own nomination letters pinpoint important trends in medicine around the turn of the century. At least seven of the candidates he put forward, became Nobel Laureates. Conclusion: Czerny-like many other internationally renowned surgeons during the first decades of the twentieth century-missed out on the Nobel Prize, partly because it is not a lifetime award and his work would have to have been more recent. However, with his nominations, Czerny helped to shape the Nobel Prize to become the most important scientific award worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

170 years ago, on 6 October 1846, the dentist William Thomas Green Morton, sucessfully demonstrated ether anesthesia in a patient undergoing surgery in the operating theater of the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. He thereby put an end to the unthinkable suffering of patients who had to undergo surgery when fully conscious. Before this 'discovery' surgical procedures resembled a battle for life and death. Only a few documents exist illustrating the attitude of surgeons concerning their actions and which tortures patients had to tolerate. One of the first German standard operating procedures for the perioperative period was formulated in 1812 by Christian Bonifacius Zang. In her diaries and letters, the english novelist Frances Burney described her mastectomy without anesthesia on 30 September 1811. The Scottish physician and novelist John Brown, in his story of 'Rab and his friends', painted a picture of the mastectomy of Ailie Noble by the famous Scottish surgeon James Syme in 1833, also without anesthesia. Finally, in his letters the Scottish scientist George Wilson described the amputation of his left foot at the ankle in January 1843, again by James Syme and again without the use of anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoscopic stapler diverticulotomy (ESD) has become an accepted primary treatment for Zenker's diverticulum (ZD). Recurrence of symptoms after surgical treatment of ZD is not uncommon, and traditionally patients with recurrent symptomatic ZD were referred to revision surgery by the transcervical Zenker's diverticulectomy approach. Our objective was to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and effectiveness of revision endoscopic stapler diverticulotomy (RESD) for recurrent ZD.Methods: A case series with chart review study conducted in a tertiary referral center. The records of all patients who underwent ESD at our institute between 2002 and 2013 were retrieved and those who underwent RESD were identified and screened for primary surgical history, symptoms of recurrent ZD, time to recurrence, intraoperative and postoperative RESD course, complications and symptom resolution. The surgical history and outcome results of RESD and primary ESD (PESD) patients were compared.Results: Eighty-nine ESDs were performed. Twenty were RESDs for recurrent ZD, and 69 were PESDs. Nine RESDs were performed for recurrent ZD after transcervical Zenker's diverticulectomy, 10 RESDs for recurrent ZD after ESD, and one initial surgical approach was unknown. The mean time from first operation for ZD to RESD was 4.7 years. The average RESD surgery time and hospital stay were 21.4 min and 2.8 days, respectively. Endoscopic stapling of the ZD was feasible in 19 of 20 RESDs. Relief of symptoms without recurrence was achieved after 18 RESDs. Four RESD patients experienced minor postoperative complications. There were no significant differences in operative time, technical feasibility, hospital stay and complication rate between the RESD and PESD groups (P > .05).Conclusion: RESD for ZD is technically feasible, safe and effective. The results are comparable to those of PESD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The science and surgery of the meniscus have evolved significantly over time. Surgeons and scientists always enjoy looking forward to novel therapies. However, as part of the ongoing effort at optimizing interventions and outcomes, it may also be useful to reflect on important milestones from the past. The aim of the present manuscript was to explore the history of meniscal surgery across the ages, from ancient times to the twenty-first century. Herein, some of the investigations of the pioneers in orthopaedics are described, to underline how their work has influenced the management of the injured meniscus in modern times. Level of evidence V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ankle sprains are by far the most common injuries treated by sport medicine physicians. Treatment is mainly conservative, but in some cases surgical intervention is required. The aim of the present manuscript is to give an insight into the origins and developments of ankle ligaments reconstructive surgery, underlining the fundamental steps that marked the transition from a mere conservative approach to surgical treatment options. In this historical note, the most illustrious figures who contributed to this particular field of orthopaedic practice are also acknowledged. Level of evidence V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The surgical management of shoulder instability is an expanding and increasingly complex area of study within orthopaedics. This article describes the history and evolution of shoulder instability surgery, examining the development of its key principles, the currently accepted concepts and available surgical interventions.Methods: A comprehensive review of the available literature was performed using PubMed. The reference lists of reviewed articles were also scrutinised to ensure relevant information was included.Results: The various types of shoulder instability including anterior, posterior and multidirectional instability are discussed, focussing on the history of surgical management of these topics, the current concepts and the results of available surgical interventions.Conclusions: The last century has seen important advancements in the understanding and treatment of shoulder instability. The transition from open to arthroscopic surgery has allowed the discovery of previously unrecognised pathologic entities and facilitated techniques to treat these. Nevertheless, open surgery still produces comparable results in the treatment of many instability-related conditions and is often required in complex or revision cases, particularly in the presence of bone loss. More high-quality research is required to better understand and characterise this spectrum of conditions so that successful evidence-based management algorithms can be developed.Level Of Evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several eminent surgeons made breakthroughs in knee surgery throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Before that, knee injuries were only treated conservatively and it was thanks to the progress made in the field of biomechanics and biology that new surgical treatments were proposed. The history of medicine recalls some illustrious surgeons such as Thomas Annandale and Mayo Robson who were the first to perform and describe their revolutionary experience regarding meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Less famous are the forefathers of multi-ligament reconstructive surgery: the purpose of this paper was to shed some light on the pioneers of this particular field of orthopaedic practice, which is gaining increasing interest in current clinical practice. Level of evidence V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal surgery has its roots in the early civilisations and its development followed a complex pathway never disjoined from the social and cultural environment where it took place. Method: The most relevant historical sources have been evaluated. Results: A comprehensive review of the history of colorectal surgery is presented, from the ancient Egyptian culture to the modern achievements. The development of surgery of colon, rectum and anus is reported with particular reference to the social environment and history; as the development of colorectal surgery parallels the occurrence of human historical events, the study of the former cannot be disjoined from the latter. Conclusion: Study and knowledge of the history of medicine - and, in particular, of colorectal surgery for those interested in this particular subject - is a privileged way to understand who we are nowadays and where we come from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I would herein like to look back upon surgery for esophageal cancer, particularly on lymphadenectomy, and to speculate a little on the future prospects for esophageal surgery. There are two schools of thought on lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer: one believes in en bloc esophagectomy, which is commonly performed in Western countries; the other believes in three-field lymphadenectomy, which is commonly performed in Japan. We esophageal surgeons at Kurume University have contributed to some advances in three-field lymphadenectomy. For example, we initiated functional mediastinal dissection to ensure patient safety, and we proposed the lymph node compartment theory to assess the clinical importance of regional nodes. Oncological surgery has progressed in terms of its safety, radicality and functional preservation, leading to improved quality-of-life for patients after surgery. This then evolved to the current development of multimodal and individualized tailor-made treatments. I believe that surgery for esophageal cancer will become bipolarized in the future. One strand will evolve as salvage surgery for residual or recurrent tumors, which non-surgical therapies have failed to cure, and the other strand will evolve as less invasive surgery, adjuvant surgery, for cancers at the relatively early stage, for which micro-metastasis can be cured by non-surgical therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Rotator cuff surgery is a rapidly evolving branch in orthopaedics, which has raised from a minor niche to a fully recognized subspecialty. This article summarizes its history, examining the development of its key principles and the technical advancements. Methods: Literature was thoroughly searched, and few senior surgeons were interviewed in order to identify the significant steps in the evolution of rotator cuff surgery. Results: A wide variety of surgical options is available to reduce pain and restore function after rotator cuff tears. Rotator cuff repair surgical techniques evolved from open to arthroscopic and are still in development, with new fixation techniques and biological solutions to enhance tendon healing being proposed, tested in laboratory and in clinical trials. Although good or excellent results are often obtained, there is little evidence that the results of rotator cuff repair are improving with the decades. An overall high re-tear rate remains, but patients with failed rotator cuff repairs can experience outcomes comparable with those after successful repairs. Conclusions: Rotator cuff repair techniques evolve at a fast pace, with new solutions often being used without solid clinical evidence of superiority. It is necessary to conduct high-level clinical studies, in which data relating to anatomical integrity, patient self-assessed comfort and function, together with precise description of patient's condition and surgical technique, are collected. Level of evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We remember the military medical practice of Croatian surgeon, Vatroslav Florschütz (1879-1967), known for his invention of the traction frame for repositioning bone fracture fragments of the upper and lower extremities. The method, known as the Balkan frame / beam or Balkan splint, was introduced and published in 1911 and used in war medicine thereafter. The memory of this invention adds to our orthopaedic heritage and sheds light on its creator working under the most demanding war circumstances. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of World War I, reminiscence of Florschütz's war experience, his orthopaedic innovation and other innovations contributes to our understanding of human efforts to save lives and restore bodily function of the wounded during wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All the medical knowledge of all time in one book, the universal and perfect manual for the Renaissance surgeon, and the man who wrote it. This paper depicts the life and works of Giovanni Andrea della Croce, a 16th Century physician and surgeon, who, endowed with true spirit of Renaissance humanism, wanted to teach and share all his medical knowledge through his opus magnum, titled “Universal Surgery Complete with All the Relevant Parts for the Optimum Surgeon”. An extraordinary book which truly represents a defining moment and a founding stone for traumatology, written by a lesser known historical personality, but nonetheless the Renaissance Master of Traumatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The intracranial bridging veins are pathways crucial for venous drainage of the brain. They are not only involved in pathological conditions but also serve as important landmarks within neurological surgery. Methods: The medical literature on bridging veins was reviewed in regard to their historical aspects, embryology, histology, anatomy, and surgery. Conclusion: Knowledge on the intracranial bridging veins and their dynamics has evolved over time and is of great significance to the neurosurgeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To retrospective review the clinical outcomes of the modified operative technique using a polyester suture material (Ethibond* Excel) for atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation and posterior fusion. Methods: The retrospective reviews were conducted from 2002 to 2012. The patient's medical record reviews included demographic data, cause of atlantoaxial instability, orthopedic and surgical history, clinical presentation, radiographic finding including plain radiography, complications, operative detail, and outcome of treatment. Fusion of C1-C2 was defined as either graft consolidation or absence of C1-C2 movement on lateral flexion-extension radiograph. Results: Twenty-three patients demonstrated clinical and radiographic evidence of atlantoaxial instability (13 men and 10 women, with a mean age of 42 years). Majority of atlantoaxial instability was caused by trauma. Most common clinical symptom was neck pain with or without cervical myelopathy. Bilateral screws were placed in 18 of the 23 patients. Five patients underwent placement of unilateral screws. The 13 patients were inserted by screws with diameter 4.0 mm. The means screw length was 40.33 mm. The means of operative time and estimated blood loss were 3.6 h and 234 ml, respectively. The mean of follow-up duration was 18 months. All 41 screws were positioned satisfactorily in C1 lateral mass. All 23 patients achieved fusion (100 % fusion rate). After a period of follow-up, 9 of the 10 neurological deficit patients had completely recovered. Conclusions: We concluded that the atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation and posterior fusion using polyester cable can be used for C1-2 fusion with a high fusion rate and less complications in various cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgery has evolved along with anatomical illustrations through the ages. Joseph Gensoul (1797–1858), an important figure of the great Lyonnaise medical tradition of the 19th century, was occupied with many different surgical diseases, mostly diseases of the face. Apart from his many contributions stand various techniques on ophthalmological, otorhinolaryngological and oral and maxillofacial surgery. In this context, two rare illustrations depicting an innovative facial surgical operation performed by the great surgeon Joseph Gensoul are thoroughly analyzed. The two illustrations represent the ‘‘before’’ and ‘‘after’’ phases of Gensoul’s most eminent operation, most probably practiced for a maxillary sinus carcinoma. This surgical operation is probably the earliest recorded of its kind in the history of surgery, even though the development of maxillary surgery is connected with the practice of Irwin Moure, who also practiced a type of lateral rhinotomy about a century later than Gensoul. Surgical illustrations are closely related to the history of surgery in every corner of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While neither the jejunoileal bypass nor vertical banded gastroplasty are still performed, many patients still possess this anatomy. They periodically have imaging procedures that need to be performed and interpreted appropriately. It is also important to know what has failed in the past to proceed more intelligently in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western surgical history has very seldom neglected to mention an original surgeon who made a significant number of contributions to anatomy and surgery at the time when surgery was still in its infancy and anatomy was bogged down by ignorance under the excessive authority of Galenus. Henri de Mondeville's manuscript, which will be presented in this article, is based on a text written from 1306 to 1320 and kept in the Manuscript section of the Bibliothèque Nationale of Paris: MS French 2030. The original manuscript was written in Latin and translated into French by E. Nicaise in 1893. The complete German translation of the manuscript was published for the first time by Dr. Pagel in 1893 in Berlin; he had discovered the manuscript in 1892. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Geschichte dieser ältesten unter den deutschen chirurgischen Zeitschriften in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird aus der Sicht eines Herausgebers beleuchtet. In diesem Zeitraum mutierte die Zeitschrift von einem traditionellen Organ für umfangreiche Dissertationen und Habilitationen zu einer innovativen, begutachteten Zeitschrift. Abgesehen von Originalarbeiten und klinischen Berichten, brachte die Zeitschrift nun Editorials, Forumdiskussionen und Rubriken für Aktuelle Operationstechniken sowie Klinische Anatomie - um schliesslich in ein englisch-sprachiges Organ zu münden. Der chirurgische Fortschritt dieser Jahrhunderthälfte - eine bislang noch nie gesehene Entwicklung - spiegelt sich im Inhalt des Archivs. Gleichzeitig führte die zunehmende Spezialisierung, ja Fragmentierung der Chirurgie einerseits, so wie die rasante Zunahme kompetitiver Journale andrerseits, zu einer ernsten Herausforderung für das Überleben dieser traditionsreichen Zeitschrift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine the role of animals in orthopaedic surgery and research in the 1960s. We describe their different roles as patients and laboratory models in the emergence of two new biomedical objects that we call "implant-pets" and "bone- sheep." For this purpose, the ways of practicing (veterinary) orthopaedic surgery and of "materializing," or bringing into being, complex and heterogeneous biomedical objects are analyzed as the coevolving histories of humans and animals. Focusing on non-discursive material practices, we use the concept of "articulation" in order to explore the inventive and intervening character of biomedical practices that led to the existence of implant-pets and bone-sheep. Our analysis interprets the distribution of human-like and animal-like character features and values to these animals not as the result of a stable animal-human boundary, but as the effect of diverse interactions in contingent historical situations. This dynamic-relational approach makes it possible to investigate the drawing of human-animal boundaries in the making and thus contributes in a new way to the study of animal-human relationships in history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the entangled histories of animal-human relationship and modem surgery. It starts with the various different roles animals have in surgery - patients, experimental models and organ providers - and analyses where these seemingly contradictory positions of animals come from historically. The analyses is based on the assumption that both the heterogeneous relationships of humans to animals and modern surgery are the results of fundamentally local, contingent and situated developments and not reducible to large-scale social explanations, such as modernization. This change of perspective opens up a new ways of understanding both phenomena as deeply interwoven with the redrawing of the nature-culture divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attempts at the arterial switch operation predated the Senning and the Mustard venous switch procedures. No patients survived the earlier arterial switch methods. Therefore, from the 1960s to the 1980s, venous switch surgeries became the dominant treatment method for transposition of the great arteries. The Brazilian cardiac surgeon, Adib Jatene, reported the first successful arterial switch in 1975. The history of the earlier arterial switches performed in the 1950s and 1960s is not well known. This article discusses that early history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Network of Control Technologies. A New Perspective on the Origins of Modern Surgery This essay describes the emergence of modern surgery as the construction of a network of control technologies. The theoretical basis of this analysis makes use of Actor Network Theory and Joseph Rouse’s Foucaultian approach for characterizing the laboratory as an artificial micro-world. On a concrete level, the paper first deals with the history of surgical instruments as tools for a controlled intervention into the human body. The introduction of antisepsis and asepsis make up a second example, since these technologies embody with particular clarity the increase of control that went along with the emergence of modern surgery. These examples demonstrate the use of the concept of control as an analytic category for a better understanding of the origins of modern surgery’s technological success and its interpretation in the context of the emergence of modern societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the success of the craniofacial surgery. History of the surgery; Capacity of craniofacial surgery to correct major deformity; Contribution of the International Society of Craniofacial Surgery in shaping the craniofacial surgery.

The Spanish anatomist and surgeon Antonio de Gimbernat y I Arbos can be considered the father of modern inguinal hernia surgery. Based J on his excellent studies of anatomy he went on to describe the most essential structures of the inguinal and femoral regions. Gimbernat's contribution became the groundwork for morphologic studies that govern modern techniques of hernia repair. Moreover, he is credited with the modus operandi involved in the repair of femoral hernia. Antonio de Gimbernat revolutionized hernia surgery. However, the contemporary social and political circumstances that isolated Spain from the rest of Europe were responsible for ignorance of his outstanding contributions. This paper is intended to put his aims in proper prospective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Chirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Unfallchirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article features surgeon Abu Alkasem AL Zehwari also known as Albucasis. It states that surgery was first identified by Albucasis as a distinct part of medicine. It says that he is the pioneer on surgical instruments development and introduced more than 200 pictures of surgical tools, along with descriptions and instructions in his encyclopedia. It adds that Albucasis was the first to use surgical cottons and cat guts to stop vessel bleeding on internal suturing and thermal cauterization.

The article offers information on the vital role played by Seljuk and Ottaman empires in medicine and surgery. It mentions that the use of Islamic medical doctrines during the Middle Ages has influenced Greco-Roman scientists, including Hippocrates, Galen and Avicenna. Moreover, it states that in the premodern era, various surgical and medical treatment options already existed.

This article presents information on some of the achievements of Sushruta, known as the father of Indian surgery. Sushruta is considered as one of the finest teachers in India's surgical heritage. Controversy exists about the time when Sushruta lived, with opinions about the time of his existence ranging from 1000 BC to 10th century AD. Sushruta compiled his knowledge in the book "Sushruta Samhita," that is Sushruta's compendium. This encompasses details of human anatomy, medicine, pediatrics, geriatrics, midwifery, diseases of the ear, nose, throat, and eye, toxicology, psychiatry, besides surgery. The "Sushruta Samhita" provides minute details of preoperative and postoperative care, diet, techniques, indications and contraindications, and complications. Sushruta believed that knowledge of both surgery and medicine are essential to constitute a good doctor who otherwise is like a bird with only one wing. He described surgery under eight headings: bhedana (incision), chedana (excision), lekhana (scarification), vedhya (puncturing), esana (probing), ahrya (extraction), vsraya (drainage or evacuation), and sivya (suturing).