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Achieving efficient thermal management urges to exploit high-thermal-conductivity materials to satisfy the boosted demand of heat dissipation. It is critical to adopt standardized characterization protocols to evaluate the intrinsic thermal conductivity of thermal management materials. However, for the most representative laser flash method, the lack of standard measurement methodology and systematic description on the thermal diffusivity and influencing factors has led to significant deviations and confusion of the thermal conduction performance in the emerging thermal management application. Here, the measurement error factors of thermal diffusivity by the common laser flash analyzer (LFA) are discussed. Taking high-thermal-conductivity graphitic film (GF) as a typical case, the key factors are analyzed to guide the measurement protocol of related carbon-based thermal management materials. The basic principle of the LFA measurement, actual pre-processing conditions, instrument parameters setting, and data analysis are elaborated for accurate measurements. Furthermore, the graphene thick films and common isotropic materials are also extended to meet various thermal measurement requirements. Based on the existing practical problems, we propose a feasible test flow to achieve a unified and standardized thermal conductivity measurement, which is beneficial to the rapid development of carbon-based thermal management materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) enriched in immune suppressive molecules predominantly drive T-cell dysfunction and impair antitumor immunity. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for refractory and relapsed hematological malignancies, but whether lymphoma TEXs have the same impact on CAR T-cell remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that B-cell lymphoma-derived exosomes induce the initial activation of CD19-CAR T-cells upon stimulation with exosomal CD19. However, lymphoma TEXs might subsequently induce CAR T-cell apoptosis and impair the tumor cytotoxicity of the cells because of the upregulated expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1, TIM3, and LAG3 upon prolonged exposure. Similar results were observed in the CAR T-cells exposed to plasma exosomes from patients with lymphoma. More importantly, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that CAR T-cells typically showed differentiated phenotypes and regulatory T-cell (Treg) phenotype conversion. By blocking transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-Smad3 signaling with TGF-β inhibitor LY2109761, the negative effects of TEXs on Treg conversion, terminal differentiation, and immune checkpoint expression were rescued. Collectively, although TEXs lead to the initial activation of CAR T-cells, the effect of TEXs suppressed CAR T-cells, which can be rescued by LY2109761. A treatment regimen combining CAR T-cell therapy and TGF-β inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic strategy for refractory and relapsed B-cell lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect and mechanism of Huogu injection (HG) on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH), we established a SONFH model in rabbits using horse serum and dexamethasone (DEX) and applied HG locally at the hip joint. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy at 4 weeks using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-CT, and qualitative histology including H&E, Masson's trichrome, ALP, and TUNEL staining. In vitro, we induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and performed analysis on days 14 and 21 of cell differentiation. The findings, in vivo, including SEM, micro-CT, and H&E staining, showed that HG significantly maintained bone quality and trabecular number. ALP staining indicated that HG promoted the proliferation of bone cells. Moreover, the results of Masson's trichrome staining demonstrated the essential role of HG in collagen synthesis. Additionally, TUNEL staining revealed that HG reduced apoptosis. ALP and ARS staining in vitro confirmed that HG enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, consistent with the WB and qRT-PCR analysis. Furthermore, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining verified that HG inhibited osteoblast apoptosis, in agreement with the WB and qRT-PCR analyses. Furthermore, combined with the UPLC analysis, we found that naringin enhanced the osteogenic differentiation and accelerated the deposition of calcium phosphate. Salvianolic acid B protected osteoblasts derived from BMSCs against GCs-mediated apoptosis. Thus, this study not only reveals the mechanism of HG in promoting osteogenesis and anti-apoptosis of osteoblasts but also identifies the active-related components in HG, by which we provide the evidence for the application of HG in SONFH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Presenting the first investigation into the structurally bubbling-failure mechanism of graphitic film during cyclic liquid nitrogen shocks. Proposing an innovative design about seamless heterointerface constructing a Cu-modified structure. Inventing a new ultra-stable species of highly thermally conductive films to inspire new techniques for efficient and extreme thermal management. Highly thermally conductive graphitic film (GF) materials have become a competitive solution for the thermal management of high-power electronic devices. However, their catastrophic structural failure under extreme alternating thermal/cold shock poses a significant challenge to reliability and safety. Here, we present the first investigation into the structural failure mechanism of GF during cyclic liquid nitrogen shocks (LNS), which reveals a bubbling process characterized by "permeation-diffusion-deformation" phenomenon. To overcome this long-standing structural weakness, a novel metal-nanoarmor strategy is proposed to construct a Cu-modified graphitic film (GF@Cu) with seamless heterointerface. This well-designed interface ensures superior structural stability for GF@Cu after hundreds of LNS cycles from 77 to 300 K. Moreover, GF@Cu maintains high thermal conductivity up to 1088 W m−1 K−1 with degradation of less than 5% even after 150 LNS cycles, superior to that of pure GF (50% degradation). Our work not only offers an opportunity to improve the robustness of graphitic films by the rational structural design but also facilitates the applications of thermally conductive carbon-based materials for future extreme thermal management in complex aerospace electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an uncommon non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with poor prognosis. This study aimed to depict the genetic landscape of Chinese PCNSLs. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 68 newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSL samples, whose genomic characteristics and clinicopathologic features were also analyzed. Structural variations were identified in all patients with a mean of 349, which did not significantly influence prognosis. Copy loss occurred in all samples, while gains were detected in 77.9% of the samples. The high level of copy number variations was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 263 genes mutated in coding regions were identified, including 6 newly discovered genes (ROBO2, KMT2C, CXCR4, MYOM2, BCLAF1, and NRXN3) detected in ⩾ 10% of the cases. CD79B mutation was significantly associated with lower PFS, TMSB4X mutation and high expression of TMSB4X protein was associated with lower OS. A prognostic risk scoring system was also established for PCNSL, which included Karnofsky performance status and six mutated genes (BRD4, EBF1, BTG1, CCND3, STAG2, and TMSB4X). Collectively, this study comprehensively reveals the genomic landscape of newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSLs, thereby enriching the present understanding of the genetic mechanisms of PCNSL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to use annual data from 1990 to 2021 to examine the long- and short-run dynamic relationships among China’s trade openness (TRO), foreign direct investment (FDI), capital formation (K), and industrial economic growth (IEG) using the Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) method. Firstly, the results of the ARDL co-integration tests show that there is a long-run co-integration relationship among TRO, FDI, K, and IEG. Secondly, from a path of influence perspective, both the long- and short-run relationships are almost the same. Specifically, TRO, FDI, and K all have positive effects on IEG and vice versa, which supports the feedback hypothesis. However, contrary to the short-run relationship, TRO and K have a small negative effect on IEG, but this is not statistically significant. Finally, K and TRO positively affect FDI, while FDI negatively affects K, although the effect is minimal and negligible at the 10% significance level. On the contrary, they are not statistically significant in the long run. These results support the theory that technological innovation in the trade, investment and capital system based on economic and market capital can stimulate the development of China’s industrial economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how renewable and non-renewable energy generation interacts with both to affect the ecological footprint in China during 1990–2019 by using FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR estimation techniques and ARDL simulation models to assess the impact of industrialization and urbanization on environmental sustainability based on the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis model framework. Firstly, the findings verify the applicability and validity of the EKC hypothesis in China. Secondly, renewable energy generation, industrialization, and urbanization facilitate the reduction of ecological footprint and the improvement of environmental quality in the long run, while non-renewable energy generation increases the ecological footprint and leads to the intensification of ecological pollution. However, the short-term estimates give evidence that industrialization, urbanization, and renewable and non-renewable energy generation can all increase the ecological footprint, which is not conducive to ecological sustainability. Thus, from the perspective of ecological sustainability in China, our findings are important in that they provide clear directions for ecological policy formulation, and we also provide some targeted policy recommendations for them to promote sustainable development as a goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change is profoundly affecting human survival and development and is a major challenge facing the international community today. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of renewable energy consumption and green innovation on CO2 emission reduction in E7 countries within the framework of macroeconomic indicators, and whether they can contribute to achieving carbon neutrality targets. To achieve the purpose of the study, firstly, the fully modified OLS, dynamic OLS, classical cointegration regression, Bayer–Hanck cointegration, and ARDL bounds test are employed in this study. The existence of a long-term cointegration or long-term linkage is confirmed by empirical evidence. Secondly, the empirical outcomes of FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR reveal that a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption and financial innovation reduces the CO2 emissions by 0.357% (0.301%), 0.428% (0.336%), and 0.348% (0.306%), while a 1% rise in economic growth and inflation raises the CO2 emissions by 0.881% (0.015%), 0.946% (0.043%), and 0.875 (0.022%), respectively. Similarly, the results of ARDL demonstrate that renewable energy consumption and financial innovation contribute to the improvement of environmental quality, while economic growth and inflation exacerbate the deterioration of environmental quality. However, green innovation has no apparent impact on environmental sustainability. Finally, in the short term, the paths of renewable energy consumption and economic growth on environmental sustainability under macroeconomic conditions are almost identical to those in the long term, while green innovation significantly improves the environmental quality of economic development in E7 countries. To sum up, to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development in the context of carbon neutrality, policy makers in developing countries should fully consider the role of renewable energy and green innovation, and actively strive to promote green and low-carbon energy development, to make new contributions to global environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: We identified a dosage-dependent dominant negative form of Sar1c, which confirms the essential role of COPII system in mediating ER export of storage proteins in rice endosperm. Higher plants accumlate large amounts of seed storage proteins (SSPs). However, mechanisms underlying SSP trafficking are largely unknown, especially the ER-Golgi anterograde process. Here, we showed that a rice glutelin precursor accumulation13 (gpa13) mutant exhibited floury endosperm and overaccumulated glutelin precursors, which phenocopied the reported RNAi-Sar1abc line. Molecular cloning revealed that the gpa13 allele encodes a mutated Sar1c (mSar1c) with a deletion of two conserved amino acids Pro134 and Try135. Knockdown or knockout of Sar1c alone caused no obvious phenotype, while overexpression of mSar1c resulted in seedling lethality similar to the gpa13 mutant. Transient expression experiment in tobacco combined with subcellular fractionation experiment in gpa13 demonstrated that the expression of mSar1c affects the subcellular distribution of all Sar1 isoforms and Sec23c. In addition, mSar1c failed to interact with COPII component Sec23. Conversely, mSar1c competed with Sar1a/b/d to interact with guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sec12. Together, we identified a dosage-dependent dominant negative form of Sar1c, which confirms the essential role of COPII system in mediating ER export of storage proteins in rice endosperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decomposition-based evolutionary algorithms have shown great potential in solving many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs). However, manual parameters (e.g., neighbor size and scalarizing function) and the specified weight vector can easily degrade the performance of the algorithm, especially for MaOPs with irregular Pareto fronts. This paper presents a new decomposition-based evolutionary algorithm that adopts a bi-layer decision strategy to balance convergence and diversity of solutions for MaOPs, and it is free from neighborhood update and scalarizing methods. In the first layer decision, the well-converged solutions in each subregion form a primary population, where an adaptive fitness assignment considering the Pareto front shape is used to accelerate convergence. In the second layer decision, solutions in the primary population are ranked based on the diversity metric. The low-ranking solutions are added to the final population size until the population size is met. Further, to approximate the true PF as soon as possible, the intensity of convergence in the first layer decision and the activation frequency of the re-balance strategy are regulated. Moreover, we design a re-balance selection strategy to alleviate the dilemma of the specified weight vectors. The re-balance selection uses a clustering approach to adjust weight vectors to promote the uniform distribution of solutions. Finally, algorithms are verified on 150 test instances and one practical design problem. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than five state-of-the-art peer algorithms on at least 64% test instances concerning hypervolume and has superiority over competitors on at least 72% test instances concerning the inverted generational distance plus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the long-term and short-term relationships between renewable energy consumption, output and export, and CO2 emissions in China over the period 1990–2020 from the perspective of industry and agriculture using econometric methods. The results of the study found that there is a long-run relationship and there is a causality between these variables, indicating that renewable energy consumption, output, and export are related to CO2 emissions. Specifically, from a long-term perspective, the results of co-integration and causality reveal that there is a two-way causal relationship between renewable energy consumption, output, export, and CO2 emissions, supporting the feedback hypothesis; that is, output and export have an adverse impact on the environment, while renewable energy consumption has a favorable impact on the environment. In the short term, there is a direct or indirect one-way causal relationship between export, CO2 emissions, and renewable energy consumption, which supports the growth hypothesis. The impulse response analysis has further verified the causality test results and supported this hypothesis. However, there is a strong negative correlation between industrial and agricultural export and renewable energy consumption, which will cause the use of renewable energy to fail to meet the peak demand for industrial and agricultural export in the short term. Conversely, large amounts of fossil fuels will be consumed to meet output and export demand. Therefore, on the road to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, it is necessary to consider the impact of economic growth and energy consumption (renewable and non-renewable energy) of related industries on CO2 emissions, which also provides a strong basis for the development and reduction of China's renewable energy and the long-term implementation of the emission control policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact relationship between the golf simulation industry and economic growth in Korea using impulse response and variance decomposition of Structural Vector Auto-regressive model (SVAR) based on data from 2000 to 2020. The impulse response results show that under the short-term constraint, there is a strong correlation between the golf simulation industry, sports industry investment and labor population, while the interaction between the golf simulation industry, sports industry investment and economic growth is weak, and the trend of their influence is somewhat uncertain under the effect of economic growth. In contrast, there is a unidirectional positive influence effect between the golf simulation industry, sports industry investment, labor population and economic growth under the long-term constraint. However, the difference from short-term constraints is that the long-term shock effect is less volatile with a poorer influence effect, thus leading to the weaker interaction between them. The structural variance decomposition shows that the impact path of the economic effect of the golf simulation industry is the same for both long-term and short-term effects, which indicates that the golf simulation industry, labor population, and sports industry investment all have a positive contribution on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a retraction note for an article titled "Do renewable energy consumption and green innovation help to curb CO2 emissions? Evidence from E7 countries." The publisher has retracted the article due to concerns about the peer review process, inappropriate references, nonstandard phrases, and the article not being within the scope of the journal. The authors of the article disagree with the retraction. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

7-Met, a derivative of soybean isoflavone, is a natural flavonoid compound that has been reported to have multiple signaling pathways regulation effects. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of 7-Met on mice with atopic dermatitis induced by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), or oxazolone (OXZ). 7-Met ameliorated FITC or OXZ-induced atopic dermatitis symptoms by decreasing ear thickness, spleen index, mast cell activation, neutrophil infiltration and serum IgE levels in female BALB/c mice. In FITC-induced atopic dermatitis mice, 7-Met reduced Th1 cytokines production and regulated Th1/Th2 balance by downregulating the secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) via inactivation of the NF-κB pathway. In OXZ-induced atopic dermatitis, 7-Met functioned through the reduction of Th17 cytokine production. Our study showed that 7-Methoxyisoflavone alleviated atopic dermatitis by regulating multiple signaling pathways and downregulating chemokine production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between urban public infrastructure, CO2 emissions and economic growth in China for the period 1990–2019 using the Dynamic Conditional Correlation Multivariate GARCH model (DCC-MGARCH) and Autoregressive Distributed Lagged Model (ARDL). According to the estimated results of the DCC-MGARCH, there is a positive influential effect among the economic growth, urban public infrastructure and CO2 emissions, while there is a negative influential effect between the urban public infrastructure and CO2 emissions, but the duration of volatility between the urban public infrastructure and CO2 emissions is relatively weak. Among such relationships, the conditional correlation also shows there is an effect in S-shape between the urban public infrastructure and economic growth, but the trend variation between the urban public infrastructure and CO2 emissions shows an inverted "U-shape" of Environmental Kuznets Curve Theory. The results of the ARDL-Bounds test show that there are long-term co-integration relationships and short-term dynamic correlation among all models. Also, the results of error correction terms show that the speed deviating economic growth and CO2 emissions from the long-term equilibrium and CO2 emissions deviating from the long-term equilibrium is larger than that of the urban public infrastructure, which indicates that the relationship between the economic growth and CO2 emissions is relatively strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy with CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engagers (CD19BiTEs) has demonstrated highly effective killing of cancer cells in patients with precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. However, there are some drawbacks to this therapy, such as toxicity, short half-life in the serum, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that could limit the use of CD19BiTEs in the clinic. Here, we generate an oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) encoding a CD19-specific BiTE (OVV-CD19BiTE). We demonstrate that OVV-CD19BiTE's ability to replicate and induce oncolysis was similar to that of its parental counterpart. Supernatants from OVV-CD19BiTE-infected cells could induce activation and proliferation of human T cells, and the bystander effect of the virus was also demonstrated. In vivo study showed that OVV-CD19BiTE selectively replicated within tumor tissue, and contributed to a more significantly increased percentage of CD3, CD8, and naïve CD8 T subpopulations within tumors in contrast to blinatumomab. More importantly, treatment with OVV-CD19BiTE both in vitro and in vivo resulted in potent antitumor activity in comparison with control OVV or blinatumomab, a first-in-class BiTE, thereby resulting in long-term tumor remissions without relapse. The study provides strong evidence for the therapeutic benefits of CD19-targeting BiTE expression by OVV, and suggests the feasibility of testing the approach in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical features of EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) indicate a poorer prognosis than EBV-negative DLBCL. Currently, there is no efficacious drug for EBV-positive DLBCL. The cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21) has been reported to be pro-apoptotic in DLBCL cell lines and is being explored as a new therapeutic strategy for this type of lymphomas. However, our previous studies showed that IL-21 stimulation of EBV-positive DLBCL cell lines leads to increased proliferation. Here, analysis of a rare clinical sample of EBV-positive DLBCL, in combination with a NOD/SCID mouse xenograft model, confirmed the effect of IL-21 on the proliferation of EBV-positive DLBCL cells. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified the pattern of differentially-expressed genes following IL-21 treatment and verified the expression of key genes at the protein level using western blotting. We found that IL-21 upregulates expression of the host MYC and AP-1 (composed of related Jun and Fos family proteins) and STAT3 phosphorylation, as well as expression of the viral LMP-1 protein. These proteins are known to promote the G1/S phase transition to accelerate cell cycle progression. Furthermore, in NOD/SCID mouse xenograft model experiments, we found that IL-21 treatment increases glucose uptake and angiogenesis in EBV-positive DLBCL tumours. Although more samples are needed to validate these observations, our study reconfirms the adverse effects of IL-21 on EBV-positive DLBCL, which has implications for the drug development of DLBCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Rice WSL6 is involved in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and is essential for early chloroplast development. Construction of the genetic translation system is a prerequisite for chloroplast development in plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is largely unknown. Here, we isolated a white stripe leaf6 (wsl6) mutant in rice. The mutant seedlings displayed white-striped leaves that were more severe under low-temperature conditions. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the wsl6 mutant was defective in early chloroplast development. Map-based cloning revealed that WSL6 encodes an Era-type guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein located in chloroplasts. Immunoblotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses demonstrated an absence of 70S ribosomes in wsl6 chloroplasts. Further research showed that WSL6 binds to the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) subunit of chloroplast ribosome 30S. In summary, these results show that WSL6 is essential for chloroplast ribosome biogenesis during early chloroplast development in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starch is a major storage substance in cereal grains, and starch biosynthesis is a complex process. In order to elucidate regulation of the starch biosynthesis pathway, we screened a series of rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm mutants. In this study, we identified a floury white-core endosperm mutant named floury endosperm12 (flo12). The flo12 mutant exhibited loosely packed starch granules and a lower thousand kernel weight compared to wild type. Semithin sections revealed that compound starch grains (SG) in flo12 interior endosperm cells were developed abnormally. Furthermore, amylose content was decreased, while total protein content was significantly increased in flo12 grains. Map-based cloning showed that FLO12 encodes rice alanine aminotransferase 1 (OsAlaAT1). OsAlaAT1 is highly expressed in developing endosperm. Subcellular localization showed that OsAlaAT1 is localized in the cytosol. Moreover, the expression of most starch synthesis-related genes was decreased, while most of the storage protein coding genes had elevated expression levels in the flo12 mutant. In addition, overexpression of the OsAlaAT1 gene increased grain weight. In brief, we demonstrated that OsAlaAT1 regulates carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which provides a new insight for the improvement of rice quality and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Loss of function of a mitochondrial complex I subunit (OsNDUFA9) causes abnormal embryo development and affects starch synthesis by altering the expression of starch synthesis-related genes and proteins.Abstract: Proton-pumping NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (also called complex I) is thought to be the largest and most complicated enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mutations of complex I subunits have been revealed to link with a number of growth inhibitions in plants. However, the function of complex I subunits in rice remains unclear. Here, we isolated a rice floury endosperm mutant (named flo13) that was embryonic lethal and failed to germinate. Semi-thin sectioning analysis showed that compound starch grain development in the mutant was greatly impaired, leading to significantly compromised starch biosynthesis and decreased 1000-grain weight relative to the wild type. Map-based cloning revealed that FLO13 encodes an accessory subunit of complex I protein (designated as OsNDUFA9). A single nucleotide substitution (G18A) occurred in the first exon of OsNDUFA9, introducing a premature stop codon in the flo13 mutant gene. OsNDUFA9 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and the OsNDUFA9 protein was localized to the mitochondria. Quantitative RT-PCR and protein blotting indicated loss of function of OsNDUFA9 altered gene expression and protein accumulation associated with respiratory electron chain complex in the mitochondria. Moreover, transmission electron microscopic analysis showed that the mutant lacked obvious mitochondrial cristae structure in the mitochondria of endosperm cell. Our results demonstrate that the OsNDUFA9 subunit of complex I is essential for embryo development and starch synthesis in rice endosperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we utilized hydrothermal treatment method to prepare a new type of nanomaterial MoS/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) heterojunction with the graphite oxide assisted since it can provide the oxygen containing functional groups for MoS precusor to attach. The morphologies and microstructures of as prepared products are characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is found that the MoS nanosheets have about seven layers which revealed the possibility of using RGO as an ideal support material for forming fewer layered MoS nanosheets. In addition, the obtained MoS/RGO nano heterojunction exhibit preferable electrical conductivity and photocurrent response activity under the illumination of simulated sunlight compared to pure MoS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]