Search

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that presents with a range of physical and emotional challenges, that exacerbate difficulties in initiating and maintaining behaviour changes. Sustainable behaviour change is important for people with MS because of the relationship with modifiable healthy lifestyle factors, such as healthy diet, regular exercise and smoking cessation, and improved disease outcomes and quality of life. Research assessing theoretically based behaviour change interventions in MS has highlighted gaps with their application, particularly in addressing emotional and coping resource challenges. CEOS theory is a behaviour change theory, developed to help understand hard to maintain behaviour change, and useful to guide interventions aimed at sustainable behaviour change. It is a dual processing theory that considers top-down executive and bottom-up operational processes, including the influence of affective processes, within the context of personal and environmental resources and challenges. We present CEOS theory to guide development of sustainable behaviour change interventions for people with MS, supported by case study examples of its application. We encourage its use in the development of behaviour change interventions, given it provides a holistic framework, which considers the additional challenges of behaviour change faced by people with MS and other complex medical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the porosity and assess the root dentine to material interface of four root-end filling materials based on tricalcium silicate cement using two microscopy techniques. Methods: The porosity of Bioaggregate, Biodentine, a prototype radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement (TCS-20-Zr) and intermediate restorative material (IRM) was evaluated after immersion for 28 days in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The root dentine to material interface of the cements when used as root-end filling materials in extracted human teeth was assessed after 28 days of dry storage and immersion in HBSS using a confocal microscope together with fluorescent tracers and also a field emission gun scanning electron microscope. Results: Biodentine and IRM exhibited the lowest level or degree of porosity. The confocal microscopy used in conjunction to fluorescent tracers demonstrated that dry storage resulted in gaps at the root dentine to material interface and also cracks in the material with Biodentine being the most affected. Zinc was shown to be present in root dentine adjacent to the IRM restorations. Conclusions: Dry storage of Biodentine resulted in changes in the material microstructure and cracks at the root dentine to Biodentine interface. Furthermore, the gaps resulting from material shrinkage allowed the passage of the fluorescent microspheres thus indicating that these gaps are significant and can potentially allow the passage of micro-organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]