7 results on '"Gray, Marcus"'
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2. Applications of Neuroimaging in Behavioral Medicine.
- Author
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Gray, Marcus A., Gianaros, Peter J., and Critchley, Hugo D.
- Abstract
Behavioral medicine seeks to improve the understanding of health and disease by considering not only the biology and functions of the body, but also their interaction with mind, behavior, and the environment. Medical imaging of the brain is used clinically for diagnosis of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions and for parallel research into these disorders. However the broader research application of neuroimaging is revolutionary in providing a means of investigating the physical/physiological basis of human thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Behavioral medicine, informed by evidence-based practice, incorporates findings gained from neuroimaging research to better characterize clinical populations and inform treatment strategies, education, and psychosocial interventions. Neuroimaging methods enhance understanding of psychological, social and interpersonal factors, genetic influences and disease. In this chapter we highlight these levels of application with examples from across the neuroimaging literature. We then consider in detail an application which exemplifies neuroimaging contributions to investigating body–brain interactions; neuroimaging research into cardiovascular stress reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Neuroimaging Methods in Behavioral Medicine.
- Author
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Gianaros, Peter J., Gray, Marcus A., Onyewuenyi, Ikechukwu, and Critchley, Hugo D.
- Abstract
The cross-disciplinary integration of neuroimaging methods in behavioral medicine research is now permitting investigators to better explicate the brain systems involved in a number of cognitive, emotional, social, behavioral, and physiological processes important for health and well-being. Accordingly, this chapter provides a basic introduction to human neuroimaging methods, particularly those that are useful for investigating processes of broad interest to behavioral medicine researchers. Contextually, example uses of the methods reviewed in this chapter are illustrated in a companion chapter by Gray and colleagues in this volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Gut Inflammation: More Than a Peripheral Annoyance.
- Author
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Gray, Marcus and Holtmann, Gerald
- Subjects
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GASTROINTESTINAL diseases , *INTESTINAL mucosa , *INFLAMMATION , *GUT microbiome , *IRRITABLE colon , *INDIGESTION , *COMORBIDITY - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Functional changes during working memory in Huntington's disease: 30-month longitudinal data from the IMAGE-HD study.
- Author
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Poudel, Govinda, Stout, Julie, Domínguez D, Juan, Gray, Marcus, Salmon, Louisa, Churchyard, Andrew, Chua, Phyllis, Borowsky, Beth, Egan, Gary, and Georgiou-Karistianis, Nellie
- Subjects
HUNTINGTON disease ,SHORT-term memory ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging ,PREFRONTAL cortex ,BIOMARKERS ,HEALTH outcome assessment - Abstract
We characterized 30-month longitudinal change in functional activation and connectivity during working memory in premanifest (pre-HD) and symptomatic (symp-HD) Huntington's disease (HD). In a case-control longitudinal study (baseline, 18 months, and 30 months), we compared change in fMRI activity over time during working memory in 22 pre-HD, 11 symp-HD, and 20 control participants. Outcome measures were BOLD (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) activity during 1-BACK and 2-BACK working memory and functional connectivity between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and caudate. Compared with controls, the pre-HD group showed significantly increased activation longitudinally during 1-BACK in the left DLPFC and medial frontal cortex, and further increased activation during 2-BACK in the bilateral caudate, putamen, and temporal cortex. Longitudinal change in symp-HD was not significantly different from controls. Longitudinal changes in pre-HD were associated with disease burden and years to onset. The pre-HD group showed longitudinal decreased functional connectivity between left DLPFC and caudate during both 1-BACK and 2-BACK performance. We provide an evidence for longitudinal changes in BOLD activity during working memory prior to clinical manifestations of HD. The ability to increase activation in the prefrontal cortex over time may represent an early compensatory response during the premanifest stage, which may reflect an early marker for clinically relevant functional changes in HD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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6. APOE E4 Carriers Show Prospective Memory Enhancement Under Nicotine, and Evidence for Specialisation Within Medial BA10.
- Author
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Evans, Simon, Gray, Marcus A, Dowell, Nicholas G, Tabet, Naji, Tofts, Paul S, King, Sarah L, and Rusted, Jennifer M
- Subjects
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APOLIPOPROTEIN E , *DEMENTIA , *NICOTINE , *PROSPECTIVE memory , *PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY , *ALZHEIMER'S disease - Abstract
There is evidence to suggest that the APOE ɛ4 allele (which confers an increased risk of developing dementia) might be associated with cognitive advantages earlier in life. Further, nicotine might selectively benefit ɛ4 carriers. We used fMRI to explore performance on a prospective memory (PM) task in young adults (age 18-30) with and without nicotine using a within-subjects design. Participants performed an ongoing task while retaining a PM instruction to respond to specific stimuli embedded in the task. Nicotine effects varied according to APOE status. Reaction times to the PM cue were improved under nicotine in ɛ4 carriers, but not in ɛ3 carriers. In an event-related analysis, extrastriate responses to PM trials were enhanced by nicotine only in ɛ4 carriers. These differences in early visual processing may contribute to the behavioral findings. Activity in medial BA10 (previously implicated in PM) differentiated ɛ4 from ɛ3 carriers. One BA10 subregion showed greater deactivation in ɛ4 carriers during PM trials. Activity in other BA10 subregions was modulated by PM reaction time, pointing to region-specific effects within medial BA10. In addition, activity in right hippocampal formation was only seen in ɛ4 carriers receiving nicotine. These results demonstrate that cognitive enhancement by nicotine can selectively benefit APOE ɛ4 carriers, and point to genotype-specific differences in neural activity during PM. In addition, these results show that the role of medial BA10 in PM likely involves varying contributions from functionally specific subregions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2013
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7. Acute tryptophan depletion attenuates conscious appraisal of social emotional signals in healthy female volunteers.
- Author
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Beacher, Felix, Gray, Marcus, Minati, Ludovico, Whale, Richard, Harrison, Neil, and Critchley, Hugo
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ANTIDEPRESSANTS , *TRYPTOPHAN , *EMOTIONS , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors , *PSYCHOTHERAPY , *MENTAL depression - Abstract
Rationale: Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) decreases levels of central serotonin. ATD thus enables the cognitive effects of serotonin to be studied, with implications for the understanding of psychiatric conditions, including depression. Objective: To determine the role of serotonin in conscious (explicit) and unconscious/incidental processing of emotional information. Materials and methods: A randomized, double-blind, cross-over design was used with 15 healthy female participants. Subjective mood was recorded at baseline and after 4 h, when participants performed an explicit emotional face processing task, and a task eliciting unconscious processing of emotionally aversive and neutral images presented subliminally using backward masking. Results: ATD was associated with a robust reduction in plasma tryptophan at 4 h but had no effect on mood or autonomic physiology. ATD was associated with significantly lower attractiveness ratings for happy faces and attenuation of intensity/arousal ratings of angry faces. ATD also reduced overall reaction times on the unconscious perception task, but there was no interaction with emotional content of masked stimuli. ATD did not affect breakthrough perception (accuracy in identification) of masked images. Conclusions: ATD attenuates the attractiveness of positive faces and the negative intensity of threatening faces, suggesting that serotonin contributes specifically to the appraisal of the social salience of both positive and negative salient social emotional cues. We found no evidence that serotonin affects unconscious processing of negative emotional stimuli. These novel findings implicate serotonin in conscious aspects of active social and behavioural engagement and extend knowledge regarding the effects of ATD on emotional perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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