Search

Water is inevitable in production, purification, and transportation of liquid fuels. At the same time, water in fuels is a significant concern to the fuel engines as well as storage tanks. Removing water and their soluble materials from liquid fuels, like Lemon Essential Oil (LEO), Castor oil, Pungan oil, Palm oil, Engine oil (lubricating oil 20/40), and diesel is necessary to maintain the quality of fuels and to comply with legal and commercial supplies. In this present study, a defatted Moringa oleifera seed extract loaded keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel was developed for the complete removal of suspended water/moisture and water-soluble materials present in the fuel samples. Thus, a hydrophilic and highly crosslinked hydrogel was grafted for the highest water absorbing/removal from liquid fuels. In our perspective view, the best combination of synthetic and natural polymeric materials grafting hydrogel was identified via optimization technique. The experimentally optimized keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel has shown the most significant property of water-absorbing capacity. Further, the results have shown and demonstrated that defatted Moringa oleifera seed extract loaded keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel absorbed/removed ~95% water, and keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel was ~90% from fuel samples. Furthermore, the observed results indicated that defatted M. oleifera seed extract removed unwanted water-soluble materials present in the fuel samples as compared with keratin-co-sodium acrylate hydrogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to formulate and characterize the folate receptor-targeted PEGylated liposome encapsulating bioactive compounds from Kappaphycus alvarezii to enhance the anticancer activity. Twenty valued bioactive compounds (3-hydroxy benzoicacid, gallicacid, chlorogenicacid, cinnamicacid, artemiseole, hydrazine carbothioamide, etc.,) are confirmed from methanol extract of K. alvarezii using analytical techniques like HPLC and GC–MS. The delivery of bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii via naturally overexpressed folate receptor (FR) to FR-positive breast cancer cells was studied. FR targeted PEGylated liposome was constructed by modified thin-film hydration technique using FA-PEG-DSPE/cholesterol/DSPC (5:40:55) and bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii was encapsulated. Their morphology, size, shape, physiological stability and drug release kinetics were studied. The study reports of K. alvarezii extract-encapsulated PEGylated liposome showed spherical shaped particles with amorphous in nature. The mean diameter of K. alvarezii extract–encapsulated PEGylated and FA-conjugated PEGylated liposomes was found to be 110 ± 6 nm and 140 ± 5 nm, respectively. Based on the stability studies, it could be confirmed that FA-conjugated PEGylated liposome was highly stable in various physiological buffer medium. FA-conjugated PEGylated liposome can steadily release the bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii extract in acidic medium (pH 5.4). MTT assay demonstrated the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells after 24 h with IC50 of 81 µg/mL. Also, PEGylated liposome enhanced the delivery of K. alvarezii extract in MCF-7 cells. After treatment, typical apoptotic morphology of condensed nuclei and distorted membrane bodies was picturized. Additionally, PEGylated liposome targets the mitochondria of MCF-7 cells and significantly increased the level of ROS and contributes to the damage of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Hence, PEGylated liposome could positively deliver the bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii extract into FR-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and exhibit great potential in anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutically important bioactive polyphenols were efficiently extracted from Garcinia indica using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique and investigated for its antioxidant and anticancer activities. Response surface methodology-based central composite face-centered experimental design and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system were efficiently applied to optimize the effect of UAE parameters for maximum recovery of bioactive polyphenols. The effect of process depending on variables such as ultrasound intensity (X1), methanol concentration (X2), pulse cycle (X3), particle size (X4) and temperature (X5) was studied to obtain highest yields of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC) and antioxidants. Under optimal condition, the effective combination of variables was observed in the range of X1: 80 W cm−2, X2: 75%, X3: 0.2, X4: 0.1–0.25 mm and X5: 60 °C. Under this optimum condition, the highest yields of TPC and TFC were found to be 698.4–732.76 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 67.1–72.67 mg rutin equivalent/g of extract. In addition, their antioxidant activities were found to be 62.5–68.31% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging (DPPHsc), 65.26–69.08% 2,2′-azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid scavenging (ABTSsc) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential value of 68.5–70.12 μg mol (Fe(II))/g. Experimental and predicted values were found to be identical under this optimum circumstance. Further, biological screening of optimally obtained extract displayed a significant anticancer activity against human adenoma breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]