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Is children's literature only beneficial to children? Or do the benefits of children's literature also extend to the knowledge and mathematical skills of the teachers who employ it and reflect on it? This study seeks to investigate the role of picturebooks on the mathematical knowledge of preschool teacher candidates. For this purpose, in-depth examinations of how picturebooks can be used in teaching preschool mathematics and children's literature. As well as the changes in the content knowledge of the teacher candidates, were done by conducting focus group interviews with teacher candidates. This is a qualitative case study consisting of focus group discussions in which high-level knowledge sharing and production can be achieved through interaction and associations. In the research, 11 picturebooks were discussed, and 8 teacher candidates participated in 6 focus group interviews lasting a total of 338 min throughout a 7 week period. The study's findings have demonstrated that through children's literature, teacher candidates' misconceptions about measuring length can be revealed and eliminated without the need for another source, with discussions based on consciously and systematically selected picturebooks. Thus, it can be said that picturebooks act as a catalyst for the studies that aim to enhance the mathematical content knowledge of teacher candidates. The study has also observed that picturebooks can comprehensively address the fundamental concepts of length measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The precise location of the endolymphatic sac (ES) may be difficult during surgical approaches. This morphometric study aimed to determine the exact location of ES in adult human cadavers for the management of pathologies such as Meniere's disease. Methods: Twenty temporal bones of 10 adult cadavers (mean age: 70 ± 13.40 years, range: 45–92 years; sex: 4 males and 6 females) fixed with 10% formalin were bilaterally dissected to obtain numeric data about the location of ES. Results: Distances of ES to the posterior semicircular canal (PSC), Donaldson line (DL), sigmoid sinus (SS) and sinodural angle (SA) were found as 2.76 ± 1.18 (0.96–5.58) mm, 1.74 ± 1.13 (0.58–5.07) mm, 2.30 ± 1.09 (0.54–4.91) mm and 16.04 ± 3.15 (9.82–22.18) mm, respectively. In addition, the angle between the tangents passing through the cortical bone (CB) and SS was determined as 35.37°±11.32° (21.30°-60.58°). No statistical difference was found between right-left or male-female measurements (p > 0.05). Conclusion: DL, SS, and PSC are essential anatomical landmarks for determining the location of ES. The spatial location of SS, including its depth to the cortical bone and the distance to anteriorly located anatomical structures of the mastoid cavity consisting of the facial nerve and PSC, is believed to be underlined for ES surgery. Our data may be used as a database to further define the relationship between ES and adjacent anatomical structures (SS, PSC, etc.) during the application of surgical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to investigate controversial pediatric urolithiasis issues systematically, integrating expert consensus and comprehensive guidelines reviews. Methods: Two semi-structured online focus group meetings were conducted to discuss the study's need and content, review current literature, and prepare the initial survey. Data were collected through surveys and focus group discussions. Existing guidelines were reviewed, and a second survey was conducted using the Delphi method to validate findings and facilitate consensus. The primary outcome measures investigated controversial issues, integrating expert consensus and guideline reviews. Results: Experts from 15 countries participated, including 20 with 16+ years of experience, 2 with 11–15 years, and 4 with 6–10 years. The initial survey identified nine main themes, emphasizing the need for standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols and tailored treatments. Inter-rater reliability was high, with controversies in treatment approaches (score 4.6, 92% agreement), follow-up protocols (score 4.8, 100% agreement), and diagnostic criteria (score 4.6, 92% agreement). The second survey underscored the critical need for consensus on identification, diagnostic criteria (score 4.6, 92% agreement), and standardized follow-up protocols (score 4.8, 100% agreement). Conclusion: The importance of personalized treatment in pediatric urolithiasis is clear. Prioritizing low-radiation diagnostic tools, effectively managing residual stone fragments, and standardized follow-up protocols are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Integrating new technologies while ensuring safety and reliability is also essential. Harmonizing guidelines across regions can provide consistent and effective management. Future efforts should focus on collaborative research, specialized training, and the integration of new technologies in treatment protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a deadly disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is a source of great difficulty, stress, and trauma not only for patients but also for their caregivers. The physical and emotional suffering that patients experience by patients can lead their caregivers to cope with constant anxiety, sadness, and uncertainty. Moreover, during the cancer treatment process, caregivers must make a great effort to meet the needs of patients and support them. This situation may negatively affect the quality of life and psychological health of cancer patients' caregivers and may lead them to experience trauma. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine posttraumatic growth's relationship with age, the transformative power of suffering, and hope in family caregivers of cancer patients. Participants consisted of 314 Turkish family caregivers of cancer patients (73.2% women; Mage = 39.89 years) selected by using convenience sampling method. Participants answered a data collection tool consisting of a demographic information form, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Trait Hope Scale, and Transformative Power of Suffering Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis, simple mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis. The results of this study revealed that hope mediated the association between the transformative power of suffering and posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of cancer patients, whereas age moderated this relationship. Psychosocial support programs for cancer caregivers could benefit from incorporating interventions that explore the transformative potential of suffering and cultivate hope. Tailoring these interventions to address the specific needs of different age groups may enhance their effectiveness. Future researchers should investigate the factors associated with posttraumatic growth in caregivers across diverse cultures, age ranges, and cancer diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Nosemosis is a disease that infects both Western honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and Asian honeybees (Apis cerana) and causes colony losses and low productivity worldwide. In order to control nosemosis, it is important to determine the distribution and prevalence of this disease agent in a particular region. For this purpose, a national study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Nosema ceranae and N. apis throughout Türkiye, to perform network analyses of the parasites, and to determine the presence of nosemosis. Methods: In this study which aimed to assess the prevalence of N. apis and N. ceranae in different colony types and regions where beekeeping is intensive in Türkiye, specimens were collected from hives with no clinical signs. Results: A total of 1194 Western honeybee colonies in 400 apiaries from 40 provinces of Türkiye were examined by microscopic and molecular techniques. Nosemosis was found in all of 40 provinces. The mean prevalence ratio was 64.3 ± 3.0, with 95% CI in apiaries and 40.5 ± 2.9, 95% CI in hives. Nosema ceranae DNA was detected in all of positive hives, while N. ceranae and N. apis co-infection was detected in only four colonies. Conclusion: This study showed that nosemosis has spread to all provinces, and it is common in every region of Türkiye. All of the N. ceranae or N. apis samples examined were 100% identical within themselves. Network analysis showed that they were within largest haplotype reported worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of biochar may vary depending on feedstock type and producing temperature. The aim of this research was to understand the short-term effects of different pyrolysis temperatures and application rates of olive pomace biochar (OPB) on soil carbon (C), aggregate stability (AS), and aggregate size distribution for sandy loam soil. OPB was produced at low (350 °C) and high (700 °C) temperatures and incorporated into the soil at different rates and incubated for 6 months under controlled temperature and moisture conditions. OPB350 had low pH, high carbon, and nitrogen (N) values compared to OPB700. As the temperature increased the concentration of zinc, iron, manganese, copper, sodium, potassium, and magnesium in biochar increased. The BET surface area of OPB350 was 1.076 m2 g−1, and OPB 700 was 107.7 m2 g−1. Application of OPB improved soil aggregate stability and carbon content while the proportion of > 4 mm-aggregates and aggregate mean weight diameter decreased. OPB addition to soil increased microaggregate percentages and decreased macroaggregate percentages. OPB produced at high temperatures significantly increased soil AS value compared to OPB350. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the remineralization effects of fluoride varnish (Clinpro White varnish), self-assembling peptide (Curodont™ Repair) and their combined use on WSL after orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: Thirty-two subjects, aged of 10–18 (mean age 13.91 ± 2.92) with 107 post-orthodontic WSL were included in the study. Subjects were divided into four groups as control, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) containing fluoride varnish (Clinpro White varnish) group, self-assembling P11-4 peptides (Curodont™ Repair) group and combined application of the two products. At the beginning, each subjects’ caries risk profile was assessed by evaluating diet cariogenicity, plaque index, gingival bleeding index and stimulated salivary flow rate. Before the application of the remineralization agents, WSL baseline demineralization values were determined with QLF Inspektor™ Pro, laser fluorescence using DIAGNOdent and color values were measured by Vita EasyShade. Remineralization data were obtained by measuring ΔF, ΔQ, and lesion area with QLF. The aesthetic improvement after the remineralization process was evaluated with a spectrophotometer at six weeks, three and six months. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of criteria determining patients’ caries risk profiles, DIAGNOdent data, and plaque index scores (p > 0.05). Intra-group evaluation following remineralization revealed statistically significant increases in ΔF and ΔQ with a decrease in lesion area for the fluoride varnish group at six months, for the peptide group at three months, and for the combined application group at three and six months (p < 0.05). In inter-group comparisons, ΔF and ΔQ values were found to be statistically significant only in the fluoride group at six months compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). While the L* value decreased significantly in all groups at six months, a statistically significant difference in ΔE* values was observed only in the control group between three and six months. Conclusion: Fluoride varnish with TCP showed highest remineralization at 6 months, and the remineralization was positively affected in the short term (three months) after the use of self-assembling P11-4 peptides and their combined application. Clinical relevance: Remineralization obtained after single application of agents tested in six months in-vivo showed parallel results. In an attempt to trigger subsurface remineralization, the combined use of fluoride with self-assembling peptides as biomimetic remineralization agent needs further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work addresses a home health care scheduling problem faced by home care agencies. In home health care scheduling, there is a desire to retain consistency with respect to the home health aide servicing each patient; this consistency is referred to as continuity of care. To address this preference for continuity of care, we propose a rolling horizon approach to the scheduling problem and introduce the consistent home health care scheduling problem (Con-HHCSP). The goal is to be able to quantify and control the deviation of the new schedule suggested each day from the existing schedule in place, so that some of the existing assignments may be retained in the new schedule that is produced. We present two different methods to solve Con-HHCSP on a daily basis: an integer programming-based method with approximations and a variant of a petal heuristic. We discuss the performance and computational efficiency of these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For an extended period, international economists have focused on trade policies related to natural resources in developing countries. However, prevailing analytical frameworks primarily examine the impact of export and import policies when natural resource stocks are subject to singular or distinct adverse externalities. In contrast, developing nations with less stringent environmental management regulations frequently grapple with open-access and industrial pollution externalities. This research extends the analysis of trade policies on natural resources by incorporating the concurrent presence of within- and inter-industry externalities, thereby significantly altering the autarkic equilibrium’s character. A two-sector general equilibrium model assesses the economic, stock conservation, and welfare implications of implementing export and import taxes on renewable resource commodities. The study reveals that resource-exporting countries’ enforcement of resource export taxes can yield a triple win, contingent on the relative damage inflicted by open-access renewable resources and manufacturing sectors. Conversely, import taxes imposed by resource-importing nations result in a triple loss. Furthermore, the model suggests that import subsidies for resource goods can promote resource conservation and welfare benefits compared to free trade without trade policies, mainly when pollution dominates open-access externality in terms of depleting on the environmental stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of capillary water absorption and freeze-thaw tests on untreated and water-repellent-treated Döğer tuff (Afyonkarahisar-Turkey) samples. The Döğer tuffs are of volcanic origin and consist of porous pyroclastic rocks. A series of characterization studies was conducted before the aging tests, including physicochemical and chemical properties, mineralogical and petrological properties, and pore size distribution of the Döğer tuff. Following the aging experiments, changes in weight, ultrasound pulse velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, and variations in pore size distribution were examined in the tested tuffs. As the number of freeze-thaw cycles progressed, the weight loss values consistently increased, culminating at 17.30% after 25 cycles. The water-repellent treatment partially protected against freeze-thaw damage but showed limited effectiveness in preventing weight loss during capillary water absorption. The UPV of the untreated samples was reduced by 27.05%. Similarly, this corresponded to a 13.72% decrease in the UPV value of the treated samples. Both untreated and treated samples exhibited more significant reductions in ultrasound pulse velocity (UPV) values after freeze-thaw than capillary water absorption, indicating the detrimental effect of freeze-thaw cycles on structural integrity. Freeze-thaw testing significantly influenced the uniaxial compression strength (UCS) values more than capillary water absorption. The UCS values of the untreated samples exhibited an 11.45% decrease in compressive strength. Similarly, the UCS values of the treated samples showed a 9.56% decrease in strength. This study highlights the vulnerability of untreated Döğer tuff to deterioration during freeze-thaw and capillary water absorption tests. While the water-repellent treatment offered some protection, it had limitations in preventing weight loss and preserving mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyelectrolytes are used in different technology systems, such as reducing environmental pollution, producing lithium batteries, achieving better performance, and prolonging half-life. One of the vital applications of polyelectrolytes is in drug delivery systems as a drug carrier to reach the specific desired target organ and increase drug effectiveness. To find and reach the optimum complex of polyelectrolytes in the context of drug delivery systems, we used Luminescence spectroscopy, viscosimetry, and conductivity methods in different concentrations, pH, and temperatures to find the polyelectrolyte's behavior in cationic and anionic polymers besides copolymers. In this study, Polyallylamine P(AlAm), polyallylamine hydrochloride P(AlAm.HCl), polyvinyl sulfonic acid P(VSA), and copolymer (32:68) actual composition are investigated. The hydrophobicity of the polymer is prominent at higher pH with P(AlAm.HCl). A more hydrophilic polymer is produced by forming the NH3+ ions at lower pH. P(AlAm) hydrophobicity is determined at higher pH, and hydrophilicity happens at low pH. The temperature has now not affected the polymer's hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. Increasing and lowering pH from 4.5 has not revealed a substantial P(VSA) change. The temperature and pH no longer affect the copolymer. We prepared complex formation of P(AlAm.HCl), P(AlAm), P(VSA), and copolymer with anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) in under and above critical micelle concentration (CMC) value. Excellent complexation is obtained among P(AlAm.HCl) and SDBS using Luminescence spectroscopy. Moreover, the viscosity behavior of P(AlAm.HCl) and P(AlAm) in pure water and 0.5 M NaCl solution is investigated. The polyelectrolyte properties of P(AlAm.HCl) are lots better than P(AlAm). That is confirmed using the Luminescence and conductivity method in different pH values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute pain in the right lower quadrant during pregnancy is difficult to approach and acute appendicitis must be excluded. The complication rate in pregnant acute appendicitis increases as a result of delayed diagnosis due to physiological and anatomic changes. The systemic immune inflammatory index (SII), which includes several inflammatory tests, is considered to be a good indicator of acute inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic value of SII in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and complicated appendicitis in pregnant women. Material-method: This was designed as a retrospective, single-center case-control study. This study was performed in pregnant women over 12 weeks of gestation who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis as indicated by pathology report and met the inclusion criteria. Vital parameters, demographic characteristics, laboratory values, presence of complicated appendicitis, and pathology reports were taken into analysis. Results: The present study was performed with 76 pregnant women, including 38 pregnant women with acute appendicitis and 38 pregnant women with healthy controls. SII had a sensitivity of 82.0% and specificity of 66.7% with a cut-off value of 840.13 in pregnant acute appendicitis cases (AUC: 0.790; 95% CI: 0.686–0.984; p < 0.001) and SII level was significantly higher in complicated appendicitis cases with a sensitivity and specificity of 66.7% and 91.3%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 2301.66 (AUC: 0.812; 95% CI: 0.665–0.958; p = 0.001). Conclusion: SII is a cost-effective, rapid, easily calculated, and powerful marker that can be used for the diagnosis of both acute and complicated appendicitis in pregnant patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern real-world control problems call for continuous control domains and robust, sample efficient and explainable control frameworks. We are presenting a framework for recursively composing control skills to solve compositional and progressively complex tasks. The framework promotes reuse of skills, and as a result quick adaptability to new tasks. The decision tree can be observed, providing insight into the agents' behavior. Furthermore, the skills can be transferred, modified or trained independently, which can simplify reward shaping and increase training speeds considerably. This paper is concerned with efficient composition of control algorithms using reinforcement learning and soft attention. Compositional and temporal abstraction is the key to improving learning and planning in reinforcement learning. Our Thompson sampling inspired soft-attention model is demonstrated to efficiently solve the composition problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To investigate cancer incidence in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), compare it with the age/sex-specific cancer risk of the Turkish population, and explore independent risk factors associated with cancer. This multicenter, incidence case–control study was conducted using the TRVaS registry. AAV patients without cancer history before AAV diagnosis were included. Demographic and AAV-related data of patients with and without an incident cancer were compared. Standardized cancer incidence rates were calculated using age-/sex-specific 2017 Turkish National Cancer Registry data for cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers). Cox regression was performed to find factors related to incident cancers in AAV patients. Of 461 AAV patients (236 [51.2%] male), 19 had incident cancers after 2022.8 patient-years follow-up. Median (IQR) disease duration was 3.4 (5.5) years, and 58 (12.6%) patients died [7 with cancer and one without cancer (log-rank, p = 0.04)]. Cancer-diagnosed patients were older, mostly male, and more likely to have anti-PR3-ANCA positivity. The cumulative cyclophosphamide dose was similar in patients with and without cancer. Overall cancer risk in AAV was 2.1 (SIR) ((1.3–3.2), p = 0.004); lung and head-neck [primary target sites for AAV] cancers were the most common. In Cox regression, male sex and ≥ 60 years of age at AAV diagnosis were associated with increased cancer risk, while receiving rituximab was associated with decreased cancer risk. Cancer risk was 2.1 times higher in AAV patients than the age-/sex-specific cancer risk of the Turkish population population, despite a high rate of rituximab use and lower dose of cyclophosphamide doses. Vigilance in cancer screening for AAV patients covering lung, genitourinary, and head–neck regions, particularly in males and the elderly, is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria that regulate the growth of plants can be found in many different environments, but they are most commonly found in the rhizosphere. Bacteria in the plant rhizosphere can affect the development of plants in different ways. On the other hand, endophytic bacteria also supported plant growth-promoting activities and showed antagonistic effects, isolated from different plant parts such as roots, stems, branches, leaves, and fruits. In our study, endophytic bacteria isolated from walnut (Juglans regia L.) and olive (Olea purpurea L.) trees, positively affect plant growth as bio-fertilizers. Endophytes were screened for phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ammonia, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, protease enzyme, chitinase enzyme, and ACC deaminase production capabilities. Whether endophytic bacteria have bio-protective properties against different pathogen groups had been tested on Verticillium dahliae (fungal wilt), Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea (bacterial blight), and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (bacterial blight). Potential bio-fertilizer and bio-protective bacteria identified according to their fatty acids and 16S rRNA gene regions. Members of the genus Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, Staphylococcus, Pantoea, and Serratia were endophytically found in different plants parts. Following rapid plant growth-promoting trait tests, twelve bacteria were used for the hydroponic germination of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Eight improved wheat root and stem growth and six had statistically (p < 0.05) positive effects compared to non-bacteria-treated seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a relapsing disease described as excessive use of alcohol. Evidence of the role of DNA methylation in addiction is accumulating. Ghrelin is an important peptide known as appetite hormone and its role in addictive behavior has been identified. Here we aimed to determine the methylation levels of two crucial genes (GHRL and GHSR) in ghrelin signaling and further investigate the association between methylation ratios and plasma ghrelin levels. Methods: Individuals diagnosed with (n = 71) and without (n = 82) AUD were recruited in this study. DNA methylation levels were measured through methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). Acylated ghrelin levels were detected by ELISA. The GHRL rs696217 polymorphism was analyzed by the standard PCR-RFLP method. Results: GHRL was significantly hypermethylated (P < 0.0022) in AUD between 25 and 50% methylation than in control subjects but no significant changes of GHSR methylation were observed. Moreover, GHRL showed significant positive correlation of methylation ratio between 25 and 50% with age. A significant positive correlation between GHSR methylation and ghrelin levels in the AUD group was determined (P = 0.037). The level of GHRL methylation and the ghrelin levels showed a significant association in the control subjects (P = 0.042). Conclusion: GHSR and GHRL methylation levels did not change significantly between control and AUD groups. However, GHRL and GHSR methylations seemed to have associations with plasma ghrelin levels in two groups. This is the first study investigating the DNA methylation of GHRL and GHSR genes in AUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common inherited autoinflammatory disease in the world. There are known triggers to initiate an FMF attack, yet potential effects of intrauterine devices (IUD) in women of reproductive age have not been evaluated before. Method: Consecutive female patients with FMF who ever used IUD over the age of 18 were enrolled. Female patients with FMF were sub grouped according to the type of IUD they use. FMF attack frequency, severity, duration, presence of dysmenorrhea, severity of dysmenorrhea, having attacks during menstruation before and after IUD use were questioned. Demographic and clinical data were collected from hospital database. Results: When all patients with IUD use were evaluated, it was found that the frequency of attacks increased after IUD insertion at 3rd and 12th months (median [min–max] attack frequency at 3rd month, 1 (0–3) vs 1 (0–6), p = 0.002, median [min–max] attack frequency at 12th month, 2 (0–12) vs 3.5 (0–18), p = 0.028). Attack severity measured by VAS pain was also significantly increased. Attack duration and menstrual pain was similar before and after IUD use. Attack frequency at 3rd and 12th months, attack severity and menstrual pain was all increased significantly in Cu-IUD users, whereas none of these parameters deteriorated in LNG-IUD group. Conclusion: IUD use, especially Cu-IUD, may increase the frequency and severity of attacks in female patients with FMF. Clinicians may benefit from considering LGN-IUD if IUDs are preferred as contraception in women of childbearing age with FMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer treatment encompasses various therapeutic modalities, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Breast-conserving surgery has been an integral part of breast cancer management. However, radiotherapy, an important component of breast cancer management, can lead to complications, particularly fibrosis, affecting reconstructive surgery outcomes. We conducted an in vivo study using 48 female Wistar Albino rats, employing segmental mastectomy and radiotherapy to simulate post-mastectomy conditions. The rats were divided into six groups: control, mastectomy, mastectomy + radiotherapy, mastectomy + platelet-rich plasma (PRP) + radiotherapy, mastectomy + infliximab + radiotherapy, and mastectomy + infliximab + PRP + radiotherapy. Edema, hyperemia, inflammation, and fibrosis were assessed as indicators of tissue response. Histopathological analysis revealed that mastectomy + infliximab and mastectomy + infliximab + PRP groups showed significant reductions in fibrosis compared to other groups. Edema, hyperemia, and inflammation were also less severe in these groups compared to the control group. Radiotherapy-induced fibrosis is a major concern in breast reconstruction. Our study suggests that local PRP application and systemic infliximab administration, either alone or in combination, could mitigate the adverse effects of radiotherapy. This approach has the potential to improve reconstructive outcomes in patients undergoing or having the possibility to undergo radiotherapy. This is the first study showing the effectiveness of infliximab and PRP combination on wound healing. The provided experimental rat model might offer guidance for further research. This study provides insights into optimizing outcomes in reconstructive breast surgery, paving the way for further research and clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt mist and salt crystallization tests were conducted to determine the resistance of the untreated and water-repellent-treated Döğer tuff samples to salt damage. The Döğer tuffs are of volcanic origin and consist of porous pyroclastic rocks. A series of characterization studies were performed to determine the physicochemical and chemical properties (XRF), mineralogical-petrographic characteristics (polarizing optical microscopy, XRD, and SEM), and pore-size distribution (MIP) of the Döğer tuff prior to the aging tests. Following the aging experiments, the changes in weight, ultrasound pulse velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, and variations in pore size distribution were examined in the tested tuffs. In addition, SEM studies were conducted to analyze the microstructures. The untreated tuff samples were more severely affected by salt crystallization. The increases in dry weight for untreated and water-repellent-treated Döğer tuff samples were 0.27% and 0.13% after 60 cycles of salt mist exposure and 7.2% and 3.76% after salt crystallization cycles using a sodium chloride solution, respectively. Both conditions resulted from the accumulation of NaCl crystals on the tuff surface and within the pores. Salt crystal formation in a sodium sulfate solution led to dry weight change of 2.02% and 0.29% in the untreated and water-repellent-treated samples, respectively. The uniaxial compressive strength of the untreated tuff samples decreased by 36.71% in the presence of sodium chloride solution and by 72.58% in the presence of sodium sulfate solution. The ultrasound pulse velocity values decreased in all tuff samples after the salt crystallization test. However, the Döğer tuff samples were still distinguishable after both tests and their physical integrity remained intact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative energy sources are needed for a sustainable world due to rapidly increasing energy consumption, fossil fuels, and greenhouse gases worldwide. A hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) must be optimally dimensioned to be responsive to sudden load changes and cost-effective. In this study, the aim is to reduce the carbon emissions of a university campus by generating electricity from a hybrid energy production system with solar panels, wind turbine, a diesel generator, and battery components. On the university campus where the hybrid energy system will be installed, the ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and load demands have been recorded in our database. Optimization algorithms were used to select the power values of the system components to be installed using these data in an efficient and inexpensive manner according to the ambient conditions. For optimal sizing of HRES components, gray wolf optimizer combined with cuckoo search (GWOCS) technique was investigated using MATLAB/Simulink. In this way, it has been tried to increase their efficiency by combining current optimization techniques. The cornerstone of our optimization efforts for both on-grid and off-grid models pivots on a constellation of critical decision variables: the power harvested from wind turbines, the productivity of solar panels, the capacity of battery storage, and the power contribution of diesel generators. In our pursuit of minimizing the annual cost metric, we employ a tailor-made function, meticulously upholding an array of constraints, such as the quotient of renewable energy and the potential risk of power disruption. A robust energy management system is integral to our design, orchestrating the delicate power flow balance among micro-grid components—vital for satisfying energy demand. Upon analyzing the outcomes of the study, it is apparent that the proposed Scenario 1 HRES effectively utilizes solar and battery components within the off-grid model, surpassing the efficiency of four other hybrid scenarios under consideration. Regarding optimization processes, the off-grid model exhibits superior results with the implementation of the GWOCS algorithm, delivering faster and more reliable solutions relative to other methodologies. Conversely, the optimization of the on-grid model reaches its optimal performance with the application of the cuckoo search algorithm. A comprehensive comparison from both technical and economic view points suggests the on-grid model as the most feasible and suitable choice. Upon completion of the optimization process, the load demand is catered to by a combination of a 2963.827-kW solar panel, a 201.8896-kW battery, and an additional purchase of 821.9 MWh from the grid. Additionally, an energy surplus sale of 1379.8 MWh to the grid culminates in an annual cost of system (ACS) of 475782.8240 USD, a total net present cost of 4815520.2794 USD, and a levelized cost of energy of 0.12754 USD/kWh. Solar panels cover the entire system, and the renewable energy fraction is 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma, a highly aggressive and lethal brain cancer, lacks effective treatment options and has a poor prognosis. In our study, we explored the potential anti-cancer effects of sodium butyrate (SB) and celastrol (CEL) in two glioblastoma cell lines. SB, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and CEL, derived from the tripterygium wilfordii plant, act as mTOR and proteasome inhibitors. Both can cross the blood–brain barrier, and they exhibit chemo- and radiosensitive properties in various cancer models. GB cell lines LN-405 and T98G were treated with SB and CEL. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and IC50 values were obtained. Gene expression of DNA repair, apoptosis, and autophagy-related genes was analyzed by RT-PCR. Cell cycle distribution was determined using flow cytometry. Viability assays using MTT assay revealed IC50 values of 26 mM and 22.7 mM for SB and 6.77 μM, and 9.11 μM for CEL in LN-405 and T98G cells, respectively. Furthermore, we examined the expression levels of DNA repair genes (MGMT, MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6), apoptosis genes (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9), and an autophagy gene (ATG-6) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis revealed alterations in cell cycle distribution following treatment with SB, CEL and their combination. These findings indicate that SB and CEL may act through multiple mechanisms, including DNA repair inhibition, apoptosis induction, and autophagy modulation, to exert their anti-cancer effects in glioblastoma cells. This is the first study providing novel insights into the potential therapeutic effects of SB and CEL in glioblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy accounting for 11.7% of all cancer cases, with a rising incidence rate. Various diagnostic methods, including 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), play a crucial role in breast cancer diagnosis and staging. However, the unnecessary use of advanced imaging techniques such as PET/CT in early-stage breast cancer can have negative effects on both economics and patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of PET/CT on the management decisions of early-stage breast cancer patients by the breast cancer tumor board. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 81 patients with early-stage breast cancer who were evaluated by breast cancer tumor board from January 2015 to December 2020. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data, along with surgical procedures and treatment options, were documented and analyzed. Results: The results showed that 18F-FDG PET/CT had a moderate impact on treatment decisions of breast cancer tumor board, as only treatment decisions were changed in 14,86% of the patients. The surgical procedure decision of breast cancer tumor board changed in 12.35% of patients, while 87.65% of patients had consistent decisions before and after PET/CT. Pathological assessments revealed invasive ductal carcinoma as the most prevalent tumor type, and molecular subtypes were predominantly luminal B. PET/CT use had limited impact on surgical procedures and did not significantly alter treatment decisions of breast cancer tumor board in this early-stage breast cancer cohort. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of adherence to the guidelines and appropriate use of PET/CT in early-stage breast cancer management. PET/CT should be reserved for cases where it is clinically warranted, considering the potential economic burden and minimal impact on treatment decisions of breast cancer tumor board in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the advantages of the superior pedicles in breast reduction, there are some limitations with this technique. The mobility of the pedicle may be augmented by liposuction in the pedicle area which may relieve tissue resistance and decrease pedicle compression in order to overcome circulation problems. In fact, the indications of breast reduction using superior pedicles may be expanded by liposuction in the pedicle area. Methods: The patients who underwent breast reduction with superior pedicle techniques between March 2014 and November 2020 and whose pedicle resistances were decreased by liposuction were included in this study. Internal breast morphology was classified into three groups based on the morphology of the periareolar tissues. Group 1 breasts were lipomatous, Group 2 breasts were lipo-glandular and Group 3 breasts were fibroglandular. During the short-term follow-up, the circulation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) was evaluated both clinically and with an hand held Doppler device. The long-term aesthetic results were evaluated at the postoperative twelfth month with a visual analogue scale. Results: One hundred eighty-nine patients with either Group 1 or Group 2 breasts were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 38.3 years. The mean follow-up period was 31.7 months. Neither partial nor total NAC loss was observed and none of the patients had bottoming-out deformity. Conclusion: Liposuction to the pedicle area is an effective and reliable method that both reduces the resistance in the pedicle and overcomes the circulation problems in certain patient groups (groups 1 and 2), increases the mobilization of the pedicle, reduces the breast to the desired size and prevents bottoming-out in the long term and increases the use of superior pedicle techniques. According to our clinical results, it was demonstrated that pedicle vascular mapping with preoperative Doppler sonography was not necessary in these patients. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the frequency of BPS/IC seen in women diagnosed with OSA and in women without OSA. Material and methods: The study included a patient group of women with OSA and a control group of women without OSA. All the study participants were administered the Berlin Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI), and the Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index (ICPI). Differences between the women with OSA and the control group were examined. Results: The study sample consisted of 46 women with OSA and 46 controls. No significant difference was determined between the OSA and control groups concerning age and body mass index (p = 0.810, p = 0.060, respectively). The ESS was greater in the OSA group than in the control group (p = 0.007). The median (IQR) ICSI was 8 (4–11.25) in women with OSA and 5 (1.75–7.15) in controls (p < 0.001). The median (IQR) ICPI was 7 (6.00–10.25) in women with OSA and 6 (1.75–8.00) in controls (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The ICSI symptoms and subsequent problems in daily life caused by the symptoms (ICPI) were experienced at a higher rate in patients with OSA than in the control group. There is an association between BPS/IC and OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid waste management (SWM) approach for the protection of resources known as "zero waste" (ZW) has become popular in recent years. Waste characterization is the first step to pursuing a comprehensive and sustainable SWM strategy. The aim of this study is to determine the waste characterization and recycling potential of the Istanbul Technical University (Türkiye) Ayazağa Campus before (2019) and after (2022) the ZW management strategy. The campus was divided into four distinctive groups, which are (1) academic (2) administrative (3) dormitory and (4) cafeteria. First, an initial field study was conducted afterwards, the new containers were placed. Students and campus personnel have been trained within the scope of ZW management practices through both in-person and online seminars. The final phase of the study, the second field work, was completed. The waste generation rate in the pilot areas fluctuates between 0.045 and 0.190 kg/cap/day, but it decreases to 0.011–0.117 kg/cap/day in the second field study. The first field study had a potential recycling rate of 76.3%, but then it dropped to 68.2% in the second study. Recycling rate increased from 16.3 to 26.1% over the same period. However, further studies are still required to assess the ZW's public awareness activities. Consequently, this study enhances the understanding of current SWM performance on campus and provides suggestions to achieve the ZW goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high ductility behaviour and high hardening of Nickel–Titanium (NiTi) alloys during cutting make them one of the alloys with low machinability. In addition, poor chip breakage and high tool wear are observed when machining these materials with conventional manufacturing methods. One of the unconventional processing methods, abrasive water jet (AWJ), is an alternative method for cutting low machinability materials. In this study, NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) was subjected to AWJ drilling under different machining parameters. The aim of the research is to determine the optimum kerf (K), surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) variables resulting from the drilling process by examining the effect of process variables such as water pressure (WP), stand-off distance (SoD) and feed rate used in AWJ machining of NiTi SMAs. Taguchi-based Gray Relational Analysis (GRA), one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, was used to optimise machining parameters in the drilling of NiTi SMAs with AWJ. The effect percentages of the test levels in the drilling operations were determined using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). As a result of the experimental study, optimum levels were obtained for K, MRR and Ra at low WP, medium SoD and high feed rate. According to the result obtained from ANOVA, the parameter with the highest effect on K, MRR and Ra was determined as feed rate with 34.65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials have attracted a great interest owing to their superior features. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is very feasible to synthesis of TMDC materials. The thermal expansion coefficient difference between TMDC materials and substrate in the CVD synthesis can cause a strain, resulting in non-radiative recombination and PL decrement for these materials. Therefore, in this work, we studied acetone and isopropanol (IPA) treatment on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of CVD-grown MoSe2 monolayers. Firstly, monolayer MoSe2 flakes on SiO2/Si substrates were synthesized via the CVD method by optimizing synthesis parameters. The Raman and PL measurements were taken after acetone and IPA treatments were applied to grown samples. The results indicated an important PL enhancement was seen for acetone treatment. For IPA treatment, there was a PL peak position shifting with decreasing intensity due to its possible structural damage. The acetone, IPA, and transfer processes caused the releasing strain on MoSe2 by breaking the strong interaction between MoSe2 and substrate. For the whole treatment, PL peaks shift to blue with about 80 meV. As a result of the present study, acetone treatment was found as an easy and quick way to enhance radiative emission of CVD-grown MoSe2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of HPL on different parameters by different centers and urologists. While doing this, we evaluated different parameters by comparing HPL(High Power laser) and LPL(Low-power laser). This is an observational, retrospective, comparative, multicentric study of prospectively organised database. A total of 217 patients who underwent RIRS for kidney stones smaller than 2 cm in three different centers were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups; LPL used (Group1, n:121 patients) and HPL used (Group2, n:96). Propensity score matching was done in the data analysis part. After matching, a total of 192 patients, 96 patients in both groups, were evaluated. There was no difference between the groups regarding age, gender, stone side, and stone location. The stone-free rate on the first day was 80.3% in Group 1, it was 78.1% in Group 2 (p = 0.9). In the third month, it was 90.7% in Group 1 and 87.5% in Group 2 (p:0.7).Hospitalization duration was significantly higher in Group 1. (2.35 ± 2.27 days vs. 1.42 ± 1.10 days; p < 0.001).The operation duration was 88.70 ± 29.72 min in Group1 and 66.17 ± 41.02 min in Group2 (p < 0.001). The fluoroscopy time (FT) was 90.73 ± 4.79 s in Group 1 and 50.78 ± 5.64 s in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Complications according to Clavien Classification, were similar between the groups(p > 0.05). According to our study similar SFR and complication rates were found with HPL and LPL. In addition, patients who used HPL had lower operation time, hospital stay, and fluoroscopy time than the LPL group. Although high-power lasers are expensive in terms of cost, they affect many parameters and strengthen the hand of urologists thanks to the wide energy and frequency range they offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cases of intoxication are increasing day by day and these patients are presenting to emergency departments. These patients are usually individuals with poor self-care, inadequate oral intake, and unable to meet their own needs, and may have significant dehydration due to the agents they have taken. The caval index (CI) is a recently used index to determine fluid requirement and response. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the success of CI in determining and monitoring dehydration in intoxication patients. Methods: Our study was conducted prospectively in the emergency department of a single tertiary care center. A total of ninety patients were included in the study. Caval index was calculated by measuring inspiratory and expiratory inferior vena cava diameters. Caval index measurements were repeated after 2 and 4 h. Results: Patients who were hospitalized, took multiple drugs, or needed inotropic agents had significantly higher caval index levels. A further increase in caval index levels was observed on second and third caval index evaluations in patients who received inotropic agents along with fluid resuscitation. Levels of systolic blood pressure recorded at admission (0. hour) showed a significant correlation with caval index and shock index. Caval index and the shock index were highly sensitive and specific at predicting mortality. Conclusion: In our study, we found that CI can be used as an index to assist emergency clinicians in determining and monitoring fluid requirement in cases of intoxication presenting to the emergency department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify laser settings and limits applied by experts during laser vaporization (vapBT) and laser en-bloc resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) and to identify preventive measures to reduce complications. Methods: After a focused literature search to identify relevant questions, we conducted a survey (57 questions) which was sent to laser experts. The expert selection was based on clinical experience and scientific contribution. Participants were asked for used laser types, typical laser settings during specific scenarios, and preventive measures applied during surgery. Settings for a maximum of 2 different lasers for each scenario were possible. Responses and settings were compared among the reported laser types. Results: Twenty-three of 29 (79.3%) invited experts completed the survey. Thulium fiber laser (TFL) is the most common laser (57%), followed by Holmium:Yttrium–Aluminium-Garnet (Ho:YAG) (48%), continuous wave (cw) Thulium:Yttrium–Aluminium-Garnet (Tm:YAG) (26%), and pulsed Tm:YAG (13%). Experts prefer ERBT (91.3%) to vapBT (8.7%); however, relevant limitations such as tumor size, number, and anatomical tumor location exist. Laser settings were generally comparable; however, we could find significant differences between the laser sources for lateral wall ERBT (p = 0.028) and standard ERBT (p = 0.033), with cwTm:YAG and pulsed Tm:YAG being operated in higher power modes when compared to TFL and Ho:YAG. Experts prefer long pulse modes for Ho:YAG and short pulse modes for TFL lasers. Conclusion: TFL seems to have replaced Ho:YAG and Tm:YAG. Most laser settings do not differ significantly among laser sources. For experts, continuous flow irrigation is the most commonly applied measure to reduce complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of edible films has gained popularity to extend the shelf life and reduce the use of traditional packaging materials. With the potential of extending the shelf life of food, new environmentally friendly edible films containing graphene nanoplatelet (GNp), sodium alginate (NaAlg), and glycerin (Gl) were prepared. A mathematical model was developed for determining water vapor permeability (WVP) by response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Also, the impact of the models was tested using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Sodium alginate-GNp and glycerin-GNp interactions significantly affected the WVP. The values of WVP for optimum conditions (NaAlg = 1.175 g, GNp = 1.496 (%), and Gl = 0.548 g) were determined by the design model and found 0.0157. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The stone burden based management strategy reported in the guidelines published by different associations is well known for a long time. Staghorn calculi, representing the largest burden and most complex stones, is one of the most challenging cases to practicing urologists in clinical practice. The International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) has released a series of guidelines on the management of urolithiasis. Purpose: To develop a series of recommendations for the contemporary management management of staghorn calculi and to provide a clinical framework for urologists treating patients with these complex stones. Methods: A comprehensive literature search for articles published in English between 01/01/1976 and 31/12/2022 in the PubMed, OVID, Embase and Medline database is performed. A series of recommendations are developed and individually graded following the review of literature and panel discussion. Results: The definition, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, preoperative evaluation, intraoperative treatment strategies and procedural advice, early postoperative management, follow up and prevention of stone recurrence are summarized in the present document. Conclusion: A series of recommendations regarding the management of staghorn calculi, along with related commentary and supporting documentation offered in the present guideline is intended to provide a clinical framework for the practicing urologists in the management of staghorn calculi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify laser lithotripsy settings used by experts for specific clinical scenarios and to identify preventive measures to reduce complications. Methods: After literature research to identify relevant questions, a survey was conducted and sent to laser experts. Participants were asked for preferred laser settings during specific clinical lithotripsy scenarios. Different settings were compared for the reported laser types, and common settings and preventive measures were identified. Results: Twenty-six laser experts fully returned the survey. Holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) was the primary laser used (88%), followed by thulium fiber laser (TFL) (42%) and pulsed thulium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Tm:YAG) (23%). For most scenarios, we could not identify relevant differences among laser settings. However, the laser power was significantly different for middle-ureteral (p = 0.027), pelvic (p = 0.047), and lower pole stone (p = 0.018) lithotripsy. Fragmentation or a combined fragmentation with dusting was more common for Ho:YAG and pulsed Tm:YAG lasers, whereas dusting or a combination of dusting and fragmentation was more common for TFL lasers. Experts prefer long pulse modes for Ho:YAG lasers to short pulse modes for TFL lasers. Thermal injury due to temperature development during lithotripsy is seriously considered by experts, with preventive measures applied routinely. Conclusions: Laser settings do not vary significantly between commonly used lasers for lithotripsy. Lithotripsy techniques and settings mainly depend on the generated laser pulse’s and generator settings’ physical characteristics. Preventive measures such as maximum power limits, intermittent laser activation, and ureteral access sheaths are commonly used by experts to decrease thermal injury-caused complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum alloy 7075 exhibits excellent mechanical properties and is used in many applications as structural parts under different temper conditions. These parts could be subjected to erosive media in their service life. For this reason, the erosion resistance and tempering conditions of 7075 alloy are of interest to many researchers. In this study, the erosion behavior of forged 7075 under different hardening conditions was investigated. Erosion particles of Al2O3 with 120 mesh (110-130 μm) were used for the tests. The images of SEM and optical microscope and profilometer were analyzed. The effects of morphology and wear mechanism were clarified. The test results show that T4 temper condition has a moderate hardness, but the lowest erosive resistance. Although T0 has moderate erosive resistance, it has the lowest hardness. T6 condition has the best results in both erosive resistance and hardness. Because of the formation of fine, coherent precipitates within the aluminum matrix, these precipitates can act as obstacles to dislocation movement, increasing the material's resistance to deformation and erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of various plant extracts in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The phytochemical components of plant extracts contain biodegradable agents necessary for the stabilization and synthesis of nanoparticles. However, extracellular components of microorganisms have been shown to have similar activity in recent years. This study expects nanoparticle synthesis using silver nitrate using bacteria from different plant and soil parts in the Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes families in the endophytic and free form obtained from various sources, determining their antimicrobial properties on other pathogenic microorganisms. Nanoparticules showed a positive effect on antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus, Escherichia, and Acinetobacter), two strains of the human pathogenic Candida, and six different plant pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Gaeumannomyces, and Penicillium) compared to the reference antibiotics and antifungals. The physical forms and dimensions of the nanoparticles were determined by XRD, FTIR, UV–vis, and scanning electron microscopy. We believe that our findings will be the basis for the bacterial nanoparticle production procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flax is one of the significant crops owing to oilseed and fibre attributes, exhibiting a wide distribution in many parts of the world. In this regard, we collected 29 genotypes of the flax from the different sources including agricultural institutes and research centers in Türkiye. We, for the first time, screened the genetic diversity and population structure of 29 flax genotypes using both 12 inter-primer binding sites (iPBS) and 33 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). In addition, some morphological traits of the genotypes were also determined. According to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA)-based dendrogram, genotypes of the flax were classified into the two major groups (A and B). Group B was composed of two sub-groups (B1 and B2) according to the six phenotypic attributes considered for analysis. Concerning molecular relationships of the genotypes, individual and combined UPGMA-based dendograms were constructed with respect to the ISSR and iPBS markers. According to the Jaccard similarity coefficients for ISSR data, flax genotypes were divided into two main groups (A and B) and the "Van-1" genotype was in group A alone. Also, group B was divided into two separate subgroups. "Afyon-1" and "İzmir-Kemeraltı" genotypes were located in group B1, while all the remaining genotypes were located in group B2. In addition, the average genetic similarity was 0.755 regarding the findings of iPBS-retrotsposon markers, flax genotypes were classified into two main groups (A and B), and these main groups formed two subgroups among themselves. While "Konya-1" is located alone in A1 subgroup, "Iğdır", "İzmir-Kemeraltı", "Mardin", "Bitlis" and "Afyon-1" genotypes were located in A2 subgroup. While "Van-1" genotype was located in the B2 subgroup alone, other genotypes were found in the B2 subgroup. The average genetic similarity was determined as 0.578 according to Jaccard binary similarity coefficient. According to the combined data of two markers, two separate groups (A and B) were revealed, similar to the dendrogram constructed with ISSR data. "Van-1" genotype was located in group A alone. Group B was divided into two subgroups (B1 and B2). The average genetic similarity was 0.722 according to the Jaccard similarity coefficient of matrix. Concerning the values of agro-morphological traits, the values of the parameters ranged as follows: technical stem length (19.32–45.39 cm), technical stem fresh weight (0.13–0.82 g), root length (4.07–7.84 cm), and root fresh weight (0.03–0.13 g). These variations were statistically significant between the genotypes. As being characterized with fibre use; specifically, the highest technical stem length was observed for "Ankara-Çankaya", while the lowest height was recorded for "Royal". Overall, regarding discrimination of genotypes; agro-morphological attributes were consistent with the genetic diversity and population structure obtained with iPBS-ISSR markers. Furthermore, Mantel analysis revealed that the correlation coefficients between ISSR and iPBS were high and significant. However, the correlation between phenotypic characteristics and those two marker systems was low and this correlation was significant for ISSR marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether 25 µg/day dose of triiodothyronine (T3) can also suppress thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, as well as the routine dose of 50–100 µg/day in T3 suppression test, which is used to the distinguish between resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) and TSH secreting pituitary adenoma. Methods: In this prospective study, 26 patients with genetically proven RTH were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised 13 patients who were administered 50–100 µg/day T3 for 3–9 days, while Group 2 also comprised 13 patients who were administered 25 µg/day T3 for 7 days for T3 suppression test. The two groups' responses to T3 suppression tests were compared. Results: The comparison of the mean percentage changes in TSH values by the T3 suppression tests showed no significant differences between the groups, and a ≥80% decrease was detected in all patients. Nine patients in Group 1 and one patient in Group 2 reported that they had to use propranolol due to tachycardia developed during the test. Conclusion: As higher doses of T3 can increase the risk of severe tachycardia during T3 suppression test, a low dose with 25 mcg/day for a week appears to be safer and more useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD36 and GPR120 play an important role in the perception and preference for fat-rich food consumption. We aimed to investigate the relationship between oro-gustatory perception of lipids, fatty taste preference, and maternal (Gestation + Lactation)-maturation period nutrition status in offspring Sprague–Dawley rats. In our study, mother rats were fed with control (C) or high-fat diets (HFD) during gestation (21 days) and lactation (21 days) periods. After weaning, the offspring were fed with control (C) or high-fat diets (HFD) during the maturation (120 days) period. Daily calorie intake and weekly body weight measurements were monitored. Two-bottle preference (TBPT) and licking tests measured the fat perceptions and preferences. Plasma levels of insulin, leptin, glucose, and triglyceride were measured. The protein and mRNA expressions of CD36 and GPR120 in the circumvallate papillae (CVP) were determined. The 48 h TBPT results revealed that maternal HFD-exposed offspring rats significantly preferred 2% rapeseed oil solution regardless of the type of maturation diet. According to the licking test, C/C group (C diet exposed group in maternal and maturation periods) offspring licked 0.1% oleic acid-containing water more than C/HFD (C diet exposed in maternal period and HFD exposed group in maturation period) and HFD/HFD group. (HFD exposed group in maternal and maturation periods) groups. Plasma insulin and leptin concentrations significantly increased in HFD/HFD groups compared to C/C group. CD36 protein expressions were significantly lower in HFD/HFD than C/HFD and HFD/C groups. GPR120 and GNAT3 mRNA expressions in HFD/C group were significantly higher than in C/HFD group. Our results suggest that HFD exposure during maternal and maturation period may play a role in fat perception/preference through oral lipid sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to identify the compliance rates of calcium-oxalate stone patients for metabolic evaluation, diet and medical treatment and also determine the factors that are associated with poor compliance rates. Methods: This study was conducted by the EULIS eCORE working group prospectively. In the initial visit, demographic and stone-related characteristics were recorded. Patients were suggested metabolic evaluation, dietary advices and medical treatment. Follow-up visit was performed after 3 months and compliance rates were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with poor compliance to metabolic evaluation, diet and medical treatment. Results: Data of 346 patients from nine centers were analyzed. Compliance rates were 71.7%, 65.3%, and 63.7% for metabolic evaluation, diet, and medical treatment, respectively. In multivariate analysis, level of education (p = 0.003), history of emergency department visit (p = 0.04), number of stone surgeries (p = 0.03), patient care in dedicated stone clinic (p = 0.03), and history of shock wave lithotripsy (p = 0.005) were detected as independent predictors of compliance to metabolic analysis. Level of education (p < 0.001) and history of emergency department visit (p = 0.01) were detected as independent predictors of patient compliance to diet. Number of stone episodes (p = 0.03), family history of stones (p = 0.02), and polypharmacy (p < 0.001) were detected as independent predictors of patient compliance to medical treatment. Conclusions: Patient compliance to metabolic evaluation, diet, and medical therapy is important for successful management of urolithiasis. Dietary advices and medications should be personalized by taking in to account the factors associated with poor compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify expert laser settings for BPH treatment and evaluate the application of preventive measures to reduce complications. Methods: A survey was conducted after narrative literature research to identify relevant questions regarding laser use for BPH treatment (59 questions). Experts were asked for laser settings during specific clinical scenarios. Settings were compared for the reported laser types, and common settings and preventive measures were identified. Results: Twenty-two experts completed the survey with a mean filling time of 12.9 min. Ho:YAG, Thulium fiber laser (TFL), continuous wave (cw) Tm:YAG, pulsed Tm:YAG and Greenlight™ lasers are used by 73% (16/22), 50% (11/22), 23% (5/22), 13.6% (3/22) and 9.1% (2/22) of experts, respectively. All experts use anatomical enucleation of the prostate (EEP), preferentially in one- or two-lobe technique. Laser settings differ significantly between laser types, with median laser power for apical/main gland EEP of 75/94 W, 60/60 W, 100/100 W, 100/100 W, and 80/80 W for Ho:YAG, TFL, cwTm:YAG, pulsed Tm:YAG and Greenlight™ lasers, respectively (p = 0.02 and p = 0.005). However, power settings within the same laser source are similar. Pulse shapes for main gland EEP significantly differ between lasers with long and pulse shape modified (e.g., Moses, Virtual Basket) modes preferred for Ho:YAG and short pulse modes for TFL (p = 0.031). Conclusion: Ho:YAG lasers no longer seem to be the mainstay of EEP. TFL lasers are generally used in pulsed mode though clinical applicability for quasi-continuous settings has recently been demonstrated. One and two-lobe techniques are beneficial regarding operative time and are used by most experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To highlight and compare experts' laser settings during endoscopic laser treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), to identify measures to reduce complications, and to propose guidance for endourologists. Methods: Following a focused literature search to identify relevant questions, a survey was sent to laser experts. We asked participants for typical settings during specific scenarios (ureteroscopy (URS), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), and percutaneous treatment). These settings were compared among the reported laser types to find common settings and limits. Additionally, we identified preventive measures commonly applied during surgery. Results: Twenty experts completed the survey, needing a mean time of 12.7 min. Overall, most common laser type was Holmium–Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet (Ho:YAG) (70%, 14/20) followed by Thulium fiber laser (TFL) (45%, 9/20), pulsed Thulium–Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet (Tm:YAG) (3/20, 15%), and continuous wave (cw)Tm:YAG (1/20, 5%). Pulse energy for the treatment of distal ureteral tumors was significantly different with median settings of 0.9 J, 1 J and 0.45 J for Ho:YAG, TFL and pulsed Tm:YAG, respectively (p = 0.048). During URS and RIRS, pulse shapes were significantly different, with Ho:YAG being used in long pulse and TFL in short pulse mode (all p < 0.05). We did not find further disparities. Conclusion: Ho:YAG is used by most experts, while TFL is the most promising alternative. Laser settings largely do not vary significantly. However, further research with novel lasers is necessary to define the optimal approach. With the recent introduction of small caliber and more flexible scopes, minimal-invasive UTUC treatment is further undergoing an extension of applicability in appropriately selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PLA/PBAT (Poly (lactic acid)/Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)) blend is a biodegradable material commonly considered a potential alternative to polymeric products from petroleum sources. PLA is intrinsically brittle, endowed with a low elongation at break and poor impact strength that restricts its use for some applications while PBAT has high ductility, heat resistance, and impact resistance. However, PLA associated with PBAT results in an incompatible blend, due to poor interfacial adhesion. The compatibilization of PLA/PBAT can be improved through physical and chemical interaction between the components, and with exposure to ionizing radiation. Cellulose is the most abundant biodegradable polymer available and is considered the potential material to be used as reinforcement in sustainable composite materials, as well as nanocellulose while an alternative to synthetic nanoparticles. This review describes the state of the art of polymer blends of PBAT and PLA, in terms of manufacturability, compatibilization, biodegradation, radiation processing, and cellulose nanocrystal reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background / aim: The use of PET / CT is becoming more common in the elucidation of inflammatory processes in which the underlying cause cannot be determined by conventional examinations. Although PET / CT is an effective method for detecting inflammatory foci, the precise diagnosis may not be obtained in all cases. In addition, considering factors such as radiation exposure and cost, it becomes important to identify patients who can get results with PET / CT. In this study, it was aimed to examine the factors that can predict the differential diagnostic value of PET / CT by retrospectively scanning patients who underwent PET / CT for inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) in rheumatology practice. Methods: Demographic, clinical and laboratory information of the patients followed up in our clinic and who underwent PET / CT for differential diagnosis were enrolled. Whether they were diagnosed after PET / CT and during the follow - up period, and their diagnoses were examined. Results: A total of 132 patients were included in the study. A previous diagnosis of rheumatic disease was present in 28.8 % of the patients, and a history of malignancy was present in 2.3 %. The patients were divided into three groups: group 1 patients with increased FDG uptake in PET / CT and diagnosis confirmed by PET / CT, group 2 patients with increased FDG uptake in PET / CT but diagnosis was not confirmed, and group 3 patients without increased FDG uptake in PET / CT. Increased FDG uptake in PET / CT was detected in 73 % of the patients. While PET / CT helped the diagnosis in 47 (35.6 %) patients (group 1), it did not help the diagnosis in 85 (64.4 %) (groups 2 and 3). Thirty - one (65.9 %) of the diagnosed patients were diagnosed with a rheumatologic disease. When the 3 groups were compared, male gender, advanced age, CRP levels, presence of constitutional symptoms, SUVmax values and number of different organs with increased FDG uptake were higher in Group 1. Sixty - six percent and 74 % of the patients in groups 2 and 3 were not diagnosed during the follow - up period. No patient in group 3 was diagnosed with malignancy during follow - up. Conclusion: PET / CT has high diagnostic value when combined with clinical and laboratory data in the diagnosis of IUO. Our study revealed that various factors can affect the diagnostic value of PET / CT. Similar to the literature, the statistically significant difference in CRP levels shows that patients with high CRP levels are more likely to be diagnosed with an aetiology in PET / CT. Although detection of involvement in PET / CT is not always diagnostic, there was an important finding that no malignancy was detected in the follow - up in any patient without PET / CT involvement. Key points • PET / CT is an effective method for detecting inflammatory foci. • PET / CT has proven to be effective in the diagnosis of rheumatological diseases, the extent of disease and the evaluation of response to treatment. • Indications for the use of PET / CT in the field of rheumatology and the associated factors and clinical features supporting the diagnosis with PET / CT are still to be fully clarified. • In routine practice, with PET / CT, both delays in diagnosis and examinations performed during diagnosis and the cost can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the usability of different vegetable oils as solvents for separating citric, malic, and glycolic acids from aqueous solutions by reactive extraction method. A machine learning model was developed to predict intermediate values from the dataset created using the experimental results using multiple linear regression (MLR) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). We used sunflower oil, corn oil, linseed oil, sweet almond oil, sesame oil, and castor oil in six types of vegetable oil. Trioctylamine (TOA) was used as an extractant in reactive extraction studies. The results obtained showed that approximately 99% of acids can be separated from their aqueous solutions when suitable mixtures of organic phases are used. Based on the results, we discovered that the XGB method outperforms the MLR method for each dataset. Thanks to the high-performance prediction model developed, it was possible to reach higher separation efficiencies by determining the optimum experimental conditions. In addition, the costs and wastes associated with experiments decreased due to the developed high-performance estimation model. The reactive extraction estimation model was publicly available on GitHub and open to other researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence, distribution, and fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been extensively studied worldwide; however, the patterns and dynamics of scientific publications on POPs are still unclear. In this study, the research trends on dirty dozen POPs, which are identified under the Stockholm Convention (SC) for immediate action were investigated and evaluated in a broad context to obtain up-to-date information. For this purpose, bibliometric analysis was carried out between 1945 and 2021 using the Web of Science (WoS) database. A total of 197,029 publications were analyzed. "Environmental Sciences" was the most popular research category and the USA was the leading country in dirty dozen POPs studies. The research hotspots are related to the most used keywords such as "Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Dioxin" and "Persistent Organic Pollutants". In the evaluation of keyword clusters with highlighted research points, 7 clusters were obtained from the publications, which are related to the chemical properties, synthesis, structures, health effects, and analysis methods of dirty dozen POPs. The number of publications and, accordingly, the scientific interest in dirty dozen POPs listed under the SC has not reached equilibrium and continues regardless of the level of development of countries in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]