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Copyright of Der Nervenarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Nervenarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Checkpoint kinases sense replicative stress to prevent DNA damage. Here we show that the histone deacetylases HDAC1/HDAC2 sustain the phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinases ATM, CHK1 and CHK2, activity of the cell cycle gatekeeper kinases WEE1 and CDK1, and induction of the tumour suppressor p53 in response to stalled DNA replication. Consequently, HDAC inhibition upon replicative stress promotes mitotic catastrophe. Mechanistically, HDAC1 and HDAC2 suppress the expression of PPP2R3A/PR130, a regulatory subunit of the trimeric serine/threonine phosphatase 2 (PP2A). Genetic elimination of PR130 reveals that PR130 promotes dephosphorylation of ATM by PP2A. Moreover, the ablation of PR130 slows G1/S phase transition and increases the levels of phosphorylated CHK1, replication protein A foci and DNA damage upon replicative stress. Accordingly, stressed PR130 null cells are very susceptible to HDAC inhibition, which abrogates the S phase checkpoint, induces apoptosis and reduces the homologous recombination protein RAD51. Thus, PR130 controls cell fate decisions upon replicative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a bidirectional relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders: sleep disorders are a very common symptom of psychiatric diseases and may represent an independent risk factor for these illnesses. There are several indications that sleep disorders may influence therapeutic success in both the short and the long term. Certain alterations in the sleep structure of psychiatric patients may have a negative impact on cognitive functions such as memory consolidation or emotion regulation. Treatment of sleep disorders in psychiatric patients is therefore of special importance. Finally, the current article reviews the positive effects of cognitive behavioral therapy and psychotropic drugs on sleep and psychiatric symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have been exposed to severe and traumatic stressors and thus frequently present with symptoms of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Severe sleep disturbances often accompany these complex cases, but changes of sleep parameters during therapy and the impact of sleep on treatment response have barely been studied. Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) is an evidence-based approach for the treatment of trauma-related psychological disorders. To investigate the effect of NET on sleep in patients with BPD and comorbid PTSD, we screened 45 inpatients and outpatients who met the inclusion criteria of both diagnoses according to DSM-IV and who had a minimum of 2 weeks' stable medication. Patients were allocated to NET ( N = 13) or treatment as usual (TAU; N = 8) in blocks. Polysomnographies and psychological questionares were performed before, directly and 6 months after the last therapy session. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effectiveness of trauma therapy by NET on sleep quantity (total sleep time) and sleep continuity (sleep efficiency and awakenings) in patients with comorbid BPD and PTSD. Participants of the NET group compared with those who received TAU showed an increased reduction in sleep latency from baseline to the end of therapy and a reduction in arousals over time. Patients with longer pre-treatment total sleep time and pre-treatment REM sleep duration showed a better outcome of NET with respect to PTSD symptoms. NET seems not lead to a change in sleep for the worse during therapy and seems to improve sleep as good as treatment as usual. Furthermore, our results provide evidence of an influence of sleep structure at baseline on treatment success later on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors aimed at analyzing the costs of inpatient care of schizophrenia in Kiel (Germany). The study was also to present treatment regimens used at the German Academic Center. Moreover, the study is a continuation and complement of the previous study conducted in Polish and Ukrainian Academic Center. Therefore, it helps increase the awareness and knowledge of residents concerning the cost of inpatient care of schizophrenia. The analysis was based on 105 hospital records of patients treated between January 2012 and June 2013. According to inclusion criteria, 50 adult patients (27 women and 23 men) were included in the study. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medicine Faculty of CAU in Kiel. The cost of schizophrenia treatment of 50 patients in Kiel was EUR 604,280.90 ( $$\bar{x}$$ = EUR 12,085.62). The duration of hospital stay was on average $$\bar{x}$$ = 51.02 days. The patients were treated with neuroleptics of all generations. The most popular atypical neuroleptic was amisulpride and the most popular typical neuroleptic was haloperidol. Patients from Kiel were provided a comprehensive non-pharmacological treatment. Treatment regiments and evaluations of costs of schizophrenia vary between countries. The costs of inpatient care of schizophrenia are high in Kiel. Treatment of schizophrenia seems to be comprehensive in Kiel and wide range of treatment opportunities contribute to a more effective treatment confirmed by less frequent relapses of schizophrenia than in Lviv (Ukraine), for example. Comprehensive treatment should be available everywhere, because it is a right of every patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of sleep for memory processes is widely accepted. According to the active system consolidation model, electric field potential oscillations, such as slow oscillations and sleep spindles, play a crucial role in coordinating the re-activation and redistribution of hippocampus-dependent memories to neocortical sites. These processes seem to be specifically disturbed in neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, dementia, and insomnia. Effective treatment of sleep alterations should not only improve sleep parameters, but should also heal associated memory impairments and functional outcome of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Somnologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic disorder requiring long-lasting and comprehensive treatment. Because of this disorder patients are socially isolated. Consequently, schizophrenia has a significant economic burden both in a group of direct and indirect costs. The aim was to analyse experts' opinions in the field of psychiatry concerning work possibilities among people with schizophrenia and to present the importance of employment for more effective treatment. A worldwide study was conducted between June 2011 and June 2013 using a questionnaire consisting of six open-closed questions and a short metrics. The questionnaire was delivered to experts and spread all over the world by post and via the internet. Over 3000 questionnaires were sent and the addressed specialists were requested to return them. From received 403 questionnaires 320 were included into the study, based on adopted inclusion and exclusion criteria. Although patients are afraid of looking for a job, respondents indicated that they crave for employment. The number of people that are able to work during remission of schizophrenia is considerably higher (50.35 %) than the number of actually employed (15.85 %). Non-pharmacological therapies were indicated as important to improve patients′ chances of finding a job during remission of schizophrenia. The number of people that can work during remission of schizophrenia is considerably higher than the number of affected people employed. Patients crave for a job and supported employment should be treated as priority by health-care decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpha-lipoic acid (LA), which plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial energy metabolism, is an endogenous dithiol compound with an array of antioxidative functions. It has been shown that LA triggers cell death in tumor cell lines, whereas non-transformed cells are hardly affected. In the present study, we analyzed the cytotoxicity of LA on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells differing in their p53 status and investigated a putative synergistic effect with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We show that LA induces a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, which was independent of the p53 status as attested in isogenic p53-proficient and p53-deficient cell lines. This effect was largely attributable to cell death induction as revealed by Annexin-V/PI staining. LA-treated HCT116 cells underwent caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death, which was blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD and the RIP-kinase inhibitor Necrostatin-1, respectively. In CaCO-2 and HT29 cells, LA induced caspase-dependent cell demise via activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-7 with subsequent PARP-1 cleavage as demonstrated by immunoblot analysis, activity assays and pan-caspase inhibition. Interestingly, LA treatment did neither activate p53 nor induced genotoxic effects as shown by lack of DNA strand breaks and phosphorylation of histone 2AX. Finally, we provide evidence that LA increases the cytotoxic effect induced by the anticancer drug 5-FU as revealed by significantly enhanced cell death rates in HCT116 and CaCO-2 cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that LA induces CRC cell death independent of their p53 status and potentiates the cytotoxicity of 5-FU without causing DNA damage on its own, which makes it a candidate for tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep has been identified as a state that optimizes the consolidation of newly acquired information in the memory. Sleep disturbances might essentially contribute to memory impairment in relevant psychiatric disorders, such as major depression and schizophrenia. Methods: This article provides a brief review of the latest research results on sleep and its association with memory consolidation. Results and conclusion: Specific disturbances of sleep structure are associated with particular memory deficits in psychiatric patients. Effective treatment of sleep disorders should not only improve signs of sleep but should also heal associated memory impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Somnologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study tested a well-known but as yet nonoperationalized means for measuring REM sleep disturbance in patients with narcolepsy at night. We retrospectively analyzed polysomnographies of patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (n = 18), narcolepsy without cataplexy (n = 12), idiopathic hypersomnia (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 33) with regard to the number of wake-REM sleep transitions as a measurement for REM sleep disturbance at night. We found a significantly higher number of transitions between wake and REM sleep (14.17 ± 2.00) in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy than in healthy controls (3.70 ± 1.00; p < 0.001) and patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (5.36 ± 1.00; p = 0.001). These results confirm previous findings that REM sleep disturbance is a specific phenomenon for narcolepsy with cataplexy. Additionally we found that wake-REM sleep transitions provide a useful marker for operationalizing and measuring this sleep disturbance. A possible mediating factor for this observation is the hypocretin-1 system, which is deficient in narcolepsy with cataplexy but intact in idiopathic hypersomnia. The number of wake-REM sleep transitions may thus become a useful additional means for the differential diagnosis of narcolepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erratum zu: Somnologie 2019 10.1007/s11818-019-00219-7 Im Editorial zum Themenheft „Die innere Uhr" (Ausgabe 3/2019) bestehen unvollständige Angaben zu den Autoren des ebenfalls im Themenheft enthaltenen Beitrags „Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood". Bitte ... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often suffer from sleep problems, which interact with BPD-specific symptoms and influence prognosis. The present study investigated the relationships between BPD symptoms, the outcome of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and sleep quality and sleep architecture as assessed by polysomnography.Seventeen patients diagnosed with BPD participated in an 8‑week semi-residential DBT program. At the beginning of the program, two nights of polysomnography were conducted in the sleep laboratory. Depressive symptoms, BPD-specific symptoms, and subjective sleep quality were assessed via questionnaires at the beginning and end of the treatment program as well as after 6 months.The DBT program successfully decreased depressive and BPD-specific symptoms and increased subjective sleep quality. Patients with the strongest symptoms benefitted more from the treatment. Stronger BPD-specific symptoms were associated with less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. At the 6‑month follow-up, only depression was still reduced, while BPD-specific symptoms and sleep quality had again worsened. Better subjective sleep quality was associated with a stronger reduction in BSL scores at 6‑month follow-up.The DBT program was initially effective. The positive outcome was, however, not permanent, stressing the importance of subsequent disorder-specific outpatient programs. Furthermore, REM sleep might to some extent protect against emotional distress in BDP, and subjective sleep quality was positively correlated with follow-up treatment outcome.Materials and methods: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often suffer from sleep problems, which interact with BPD-specific symptoms and influence prognosis. The present study investigated the relationships between BPD symptoms, the outcome of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and sleep quality and sleep architecture as assessed by polysomnography.Seventeen patients diagnosed with BPD participated in an 8‑week semi-residential DBT program. At the beginning of the program, two nights of polysomnography were conducted in the sleep laboratory. Depressive symptoms, BPD-specific symptoms, and subjective sleep quality were assessed via questionnaires at the beginning and end of the treatment program as well as after 6 months.The DBT program successfully decreased depressive and BPD-specific symptoms and increased subjective sleep quality. Patients with the strongest symptoms benefitted more from the treatment. Stronger BPD-specific symptoms were associated with less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. At the 6‑month follow-up, only depression was still reduced, while BPD-specific symptoms and sleep quality had again worsened. Better subjective sleep quality was associated with a stronger reduction in BSL scores at 6‑month follow-up.The DBT program was initially effective. The positive outcome was, however, not permanent, stressing the importance of subsequent disorder-specific outpatient programs. Furthermore, REM sleep might to some extent protect against emotional distress in BDP, and subjective sleep quality was positively correlated with follow-up treatment outcome.Results: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often suffer from sleep problems, which interact with BPD-specific symptoms and influence prognosis. The present study investigated the relationships between BPD symptoms, the outcome of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and sleep quality and sleep architecture as assessed by polysomnography.Seventeen patients diagnosed with BPD participated in an 8‑week semi-residential DBT program. At the beginning of the program, two nights of polysomnography were conducted in the sleep laboratory. Depressive symptoms, BPD-specific symptoms, and subjective sleep quality were assessed via questionnaires at the beginning and end of the treatment program as well as after 6 months.The DBT program successfully decreased depressive and BPD-specific symptoms and increased subjective sleep quality. Patients with the strongest symptoms benefitted more from the treatment. Stronger BPD-specific symptoms were associated with less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. At the 6‑month follow-up, only depression was still reduced, while BPD-specific symptoms and sleep quality had again worsened. Better subjective sleep quality was associated with a stronger reduction in BSL scores at 6‑month follow-up.The DBT program was initially effective. The positive outcome was, however, not permanent, stressing the importance of subsequent disorder-specific outpatient programs. Furthermore, REM sleep might to some extent protect against emotional distress in BDP, and subjective sleep quality was positively correlated with follow-up treatment outcome.Conclusion: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often suffer from sleep problems, which interact with BPD-specific symptoms and influence prognosis. The present study investigated the relationships between BPD symptoms, the outcome of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and sleep quality and sleep architecture as assessed by polysomnography.Seventeen patients diagnosed with BPD participated in an 8‑week semi-residential DBT program. At the beginning of the program, two nights of polysomnography were conducted in the sleep laboratory. Depressive symptoms, BPD-specific symptoms, and subjective sleep quality were assessed via questionnaires at the beginning and end of the treatment program as well as after 6 months.The DBT program successfully decreased depressive and BPD-specific symptoms and increased subjective sleep quality. Patients with the strongest symptoms benefitted more from the treatment. Stronger BPD-specific symptoms were associated with less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. At the 6‑month follow-up, only depression was still reduced, while BPD-specific symptoms and sleep quality had again worsened. Better subjective sleep quality was associated with a stronger reduction in BSL scores at 6‑month follow-up.The DBT program was initially effective. The positive outcome was, however, not permanent, stressing the importance of subsequent disorder-specific outpatient programs. Furthermore, REM sleep might to some extent protect against emotional distress in BDP, and subjective sleep quality was positively correlated with follow-up treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]