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Purpose: It has been argued that the meniscus-femoral ligaments disappear with age. We therefore analyzed the presence of the meniscus-femoral ligaments, in MRI. Materials and Methods: We measured the PCL, ACL and MFL, noting their presence or absence in 120 Knee MRIs, 51 in women and 69 in men. All knees underwent MRI in the coronal, sagittal and axial planes. T1 and T2 weighted sequences were obtained. A descriptive statistical study of all the variables was carried out, and a comparative study was performed between sexes, sides and age groups. Results: The MFLp was more frequent, found in 67 (55.8%) cases, than the MFLa, in 36 (30%) cases, and both together were present in 27 (22.5%) knees. We found a strong correlation between ACL length and PCL length (p = 0.001), we found no correlation between the presence of the posterior MFL either with age (p = 0.307) or with sex (p = 0.779) or side (p = 0.733). We also found no relationship between the presence of the anterior MFL and age (p = 0.553), or sex (p = 0.913), or laterality (p = 0.082). Conclusion: We found a strong correlation between ACL length and PCL length. In our study, the presence of the posterior MFL was more frequent, being present in 55.68%, while the anterior MFL was found in 30% of the knees. We did not observe that the presence of LMF decreases with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We analyzed the clinical and radiographic evolution of patients with knee unicompartmental osteoarthritis and axis alteration and osteochondral lesions in the femoral condyle, treated with tibial plateau and meniscus allograft and cultured autologous chondrocyte implantation in the femur in two steps. Purpose: To analyze the clinical results with the first patients treated with this two-stage technique to avoid knee prosthesis in patients with unicompartmental osteoarthritis. Material and methodology: Sixteen patients, average age 56 years, were included in a cohort study. We performed an osteotomy with tibia plateau allograft, including the meniscus. In a second surgery, the chondrocyte fibrin scaffold was placed in the femur. Clinical symptoms and function were measured using KSSR and KOOS scores. Wilcoxon's test was performed to compare the results over the 2-year follow-up period. Results: Mean KSSR before surgery was 35.69 (SD: 3.75) points, rising to 67 (SD: 15.42) at 3 months, 95.88 at 12 months (SD: 2.68) and 96.31 at 24 months (SD: 2.24). The KOOS before surgery was 65.14 (SD: 16.34), rising to 72.68 after 3 months (SD: 19.15), 76.68 at 12 months (SD: 18.92) and 64.28 at 24 months (SD: 11.79). Four of 5 patients returned to engaging in the activity that they had stopped practicing. Three patients experienced collapse of the tibia allograft, and they needed later a prosthesis. Conclusions: Simultaneous tibia plateau allograft and autologous chondrocyte implantation in the femur, after correction of the angular deformity, were performed, restoring the anatomy of the medial compartment and knee function in 82% of the patients 2 years after the operation. Level of evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A trabecular metal screw has been suggested to treat avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Non-surgical management with partial weight bearing can only be selected for early stages and very small lesions. Even in such cases, it has been proven to be ineffective in 80-90 % of patients. Conversely, the results with trabecular metal implants are not always clinically satisfactory, and some patients can show emerging pain and activity limitations that could require conversion to a total hip arthroplasty. Hereby we report the results of 6 patients who underwent this implant and describe the histopathology of the bone at the femoral neck and to speculate on the causes of complications encountered during arthroplasty surgery. The necrosis was stopped in 1 case, and 5 hips showed disease progression. Two protrusions of the screw apex were observed. In one case, rupture of the greater trochanter during prosthesis implant occurred. After trabecular metal implants for avascular osteonecrosis, some patients can require conversion to a total hip arthroplasty. Two patients had an intraoperative fracture with detachment of the greater trochanter that required wiring. Complications related to implant removal can be encountered, and the orthopedic surgeon should be aware of removal techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovering of new substances acting on collagenic fibrous scar tissue to prevent its formation or to obtain its easier dissection during second-look surgery is, at present time, a big challenge. In this study we consider the effect of a mucolytic agent (MESNA) on collagen fibres using an experimental model of Achilles' tendon. We injected a pre-defined quantity of MESNA in the context of the tendineal fibres of Achilles' tendon of 7 sheep. Each tendon was divided in three parts and for each both longitudinal and transversal slices were obtained. We followed for 6 weeks the histological modifications of the collagen fibres by classic and polarized light analysis. The animals were divided into 3 groups. The first comprised animals killed at 1 h and 3 days after the injection. In their tendons the histological analysis didn't find out any structural alteration. Tendons of animals killed at 3 weeks showed the separation of collagen fibres with empty spaces replaced partially by mesenchimal cellular infiltrates and by an amorphous basophilic tissue. In 6 weeks killed animals there was a quite full recovery of tendineal structure evident from both classic and polarized light analysis. By the analysis of these results it is possible to say that MESNA exerts an effect on collagen fibres that results in modification of the tendineal structure with infiltration and proliferation of mesenchinal cells. Considering its biochemical and pharmacodinamic characteristics and its absent toxicity on cellular structures, MESNA represents a good possibility for studies about fibrosis also in human models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An appraisal of the clinical records of patients with malignant bone tumours enabled us to identify 61 whom we have treated by external fixation. There were 38 males and 23 females with ages ranging from 4 to 58 years, the mean being 14 years. The average period of follow-up was 6 years (1-12 years). For the purpose of our analysis the patients were divided into three groups according to whether the fixator was fitted before, during or after tumour resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Orthopaedics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Orthopaedics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)