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Background: Thoracoscopy may be required for resistant empyema in children. This study aimed to determine the advantages of thoracoscopy performed soon after diagnosis and its ideal timing.Methods: Between 1996 and 2002, 21 children who had undergone thoracoscopy as an initial procedure or after failure of medical treatment were retrospectively reviewed. The study compared outcome of early thoracoscopy (fewer than 4 days after diagnosis) and that of later surgery. The 4-day limit was chosen for physiopathologic reasons (organization of pleuresia in 72 h).Results: In the early thoracoscopy group, the findings showed shorter operative time (p = 0.03) and postoperative hospital stay (p < 0.05), fewer technical difficulties, fewer complications, and no recourse to other surgical procedures.Conclusions: Early thoracoscopy is greatly beneficial for children with empyema by shortening disease progression. An initial short trial of medical treatment for nonorganising empyema may be attempted on the condition that thoracoscopy not be delayed more than 4 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the optimal conditions for laparoscopic management of neonatal subacute volvulus with malrotation.Methods: Between 1994 and 2002, 13 neonates with midgut volvulus and malrotation entered the authors' institution. Five of these neonates met the eligibility criteria for laparoscopy: good hemodynamic parameters, no gut perforation, and no severe ischemic distress of the bowel shown on preoperative ultrasonography.Results: The results were excellent for only three infants, associated with a shorter postoperative course. One underwent reoperation for a residual duodenal band, and one conversion to open laparotomy was necessary. The predictors of success were no difficulty identifying the abnormal anatomy, no important chylous stasis, and the learning curve of the surgeon.Conclusions: Despite its previously reported feasibility, neonatal laparoscopy for volvulus with intestinal malrotation is appropriate only for a small number of patients. Strict selection criteria with a clear understanding of the optimal conditions for success may improve the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]