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The effects of sintering parameters and liquid phase content on the properties of Fe-rich based pre-alloyed impregnated diamond bit (IDB) matrix were investigated using orthogonal experimental design. Based on the analysis of the results, it was found that sintering temperature and liquid phase content have significant effects on the bending strength, hardness, relative density, and wear rate of the matrix. For metal matrix composite (MMC), as the sintering temperature increased from 900 to 1050°C, the bending strength, hardness (HRB), and relative density of the MMC decreased first, then increased, and finally decreased again, while the wear rate increased with temperature. With increasing liquid phase content, the four properties of the MMC showed a similar trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Comparatively, the effects of holding time and sintering pressure on the properties of the matrices were smaller than those of sintering temperature and liquid phase content, but they also had significant effects on some properties of the matrices. Holding time had a more significant effect on hardness and wear resistance, while sintering pressure only had a significant effect on hardness. After adding diamonds, the bending strength of diamond matrix composite increased first and then decreased with increasing temperature, while the bending strength continued to decrease with the increase of liquid phase content. This study provides a feasible method for studying the effects of various sintering parameters and liquid phase content on the properties of Fe-rich pre-alloyed IDB matrix, which is helpful for optimizing the preparation process of drill bits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore a new formulation system of diamond bit matrix, three kinds of Fe-based pre-alloyed powder with low liquid phase content were utilized for the matrix fabrication of impregnated diamond bit (IDB). To this end, the D-optimal mixture design method was employed for the design of the experiment scheme which contained 16 groups of samples. The samples were fabricated under the same hot pressing sintering conditions, then tests on hardness, bending strength, and relative density were conducted. The results were analyzed by regression analysis, and so were the interrelations and interactions of formula components on matrix properties. Meanwhile, the fracture surface of samples after the bending strength test was observed by SEM. It was found that FAM1020 and FAM2120 have a positive effect on the bending strength of metal matrix composite. Besides, FAM2120 has a positive effect on the hardness of the matrix, but a negative effect on the bending strength of the diamond matrix composite. The interaction among the three powders can improve the performance of the matrix. According to the result, the Fe-based pre-alloyed bit matrix with low liquid phase content can meet the requirements of the diamond bit matrix. Based on this exploration experiment, an optimal formulation is concluded as 50 wt % X1, 30 wt % X2, 20 wt % X3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentrations of major and trace elements in the sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting Lake were analysed. The results show that the element compositions of the Four River inlet sediments are different, among which higher amounts of Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, Cs, Rb, Th, U, Y, and REE are found, while MgO, CaO, Na2O, and Sr are more depleted in the sediments from the Xiangjiang and Zijiang inlets than in the sediments from the Yuanjiang and Lishui inlets. The Xiangjiang inlet sediments are distinctly higher enriched (EF > 5.0) in heavy metals Bi, Cd, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Zn, while the other river sediments are moderately enriched (EF > 2.0) in these heavy metals. These geochemical differences are resulted from the source lithology, chemical weathering, hydrological sorting, and anthropogenic processes taking place in the watersheds. The principal component analysis and the geochemical vertical profiles suggest that the trace metals Ba, Mo, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cs, Rb, Sc, Th, U, Ga, Ge, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, and REE are of terrigenous sources. The heavy metals including Bi, Cd, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the sediments can include those contributed by anthropogenic processes, such as mining and smelting of Pb-Zn ores. Therefore, presenting a scheme for the geochemical backgrounds of the watershed is recommended here for future assessment of the heavy metal contamination in sediments of the watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible electronics are currently one of the most important developing trends, which is normally fabricated and supported on external flexible substrates. In this work, we experimentally realized a facile graphene-mediated peel-off technology for the substrate-free flexible hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film solar cell. The a-Si:H solar cells were firstly grown on high thermal tolerance rigid SiO2/Si substrates with graphene interlayers and then were facilely peeled off from the graphene/SiO2/Si substrate with high fidelity. The density functional theory calculations verify the fact that sandwiching the graphene sheet weakens the interaction between the solar device and SiO2/Si substrate with a 61% exfoliation energy drop. Subsequently, a microstructured polyethylene terephthalate film was designed as the window layer of the substrate-free a-Si:H device to promote the broadband and omnidirectional enhanced performance of the flexible device, as well as the mechanical strength. Our proposed graphene-mediated peel-off process can be extended to fabricate other light weight electronics and optoelectronic devices (especially for devices needed to be obtained under high temperature) and can potentially be developed into large-scale manufacturing in the future as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional synthesis of graphene film by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a metal substrate, which may require damaging and polluting processes to transfer graphene onto an insulating substrate for possible applications subsequently, needs to be improved. In the past few years, molten gallium, as a kind of catalyst for synthesizing graphene film, has presented various unique properties, especially showing excellent catalytic efficiency and forming graphene channel patterns naturally as expected. Herein, we utilized molten Ga as the catalyst and silicon dioxide as the substrate to realize the synthesis of high-quality and single-layer graphene film by low-pressure CVD at 800 °C ~ 1000 °C. What's more, the Ga catalyst, which still contained graphene nuclei even though it had been recycled several times, contributed to synthesizing single-layer graphene film even at 400 °C for both economy and environment sake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), a typical G protein-coupled receptor, plays a key role in regulating many cardiovascular functions. Different ligands can bind with AT1R to selectively activate either G protein (Gq) or β-arrestin (β-arr) pathway, or both pathways, but the molecular mechanism is not clear yet. In this work, we used, for the first time, atomic force microscopy-based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to study the interactions of AT1R with three types of ligands, balanced ligand, Gq-biased ligand, and β-arr-biased ligand, in living cells. The results revealed their difference in binding force and binding stability. The complex of the Gq-biased ligand-AT1R overcame two energy barriers with an intermediate state during dissociation, whereas that of β-arr-biased ligand-AT1R complex overcame one energy barrier. This indicated that AT1R had different ligand-binding conformational substates and underwent different structural changes to activate downstream signaling pathways with variable agonist efficacies. Quantitative analysis of AT1R-ligand binding in living cells at the single-molecule level offers a new tool to study the molecular mechanism of AT1R biased activation.Single-molecule force measurement on the living cell expressing AT1R-eGFP with a ligand modified AFM tip (left), the dynamic force spectra of β-arrestin biased ligands-AT1R (middle), and Gq-biased ligands-AT1R (right). The complexes of β-arr-biased ligand-AT1R overcame one energy barrier, with one linear region in the spectra, whereas the Gq-biased ligand-AT1R complexes overcame two energy barriers with two linear regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large area and high-quality two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (2D-MoS2) film has been synthesized by a modified single-zone chemical vapor deposition technique. The influence of gas environment, reaction temperature and gap distance (between MoO3 precursor and substrate) on 2D-MoS2 growth were systematically investigated. A stable gas environment was prerequisite for the formation of 2D-MoS2, and it can be achieved by adjusting the pressure and flow rate of N2 in the furnace tube, which was numerical estimated via Antoine equation. The thickness, quality (uniformity and crystallinity), roughness, and chemical composition of the MoS2 nano-film were characterized by the optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, Atomic force microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that the quality of MoS2 nano-film was greatly influenced by the nucleation density on the substrate, which could be controlled by modulating the reaction temperature and gap distance. Moreover, a “frustum-like” model was established to match the practical reaction situation and clarify the internal relationship among reaction temperature, gap distance and the nucleation density of MoS2 film. Finally, a high-quality monolayer MoS2 nano-film, at 800 °C with a gap distance of 3.5 mm, was obtained and verified by experimental and numerical analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can lead to the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). The cross-communication between the two signaling pathways regulates several important physiological or pathological processes. However, the molecule mechanism underlying EGFR transactivation remains poorly understood. Here, we aim to study the GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation process using the single-molecule fluorescence imaging and tracking approach. We found that although EGFR existed as monomers at the plasma membrane of resting cells, they became dimers and thus diffused slower following the activation of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) by isoproterenol (ISO). We further proved that β-AR-mediated changes of EGFR in stoichiometry and dynamics were mediated by Src kinase. Thus, the observations obtained via the single-molecule imaging and tracking methods shed new insights into the molecular mechanism of EGFR transactivation at single molecule level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene is a promising candidate for the replacement of the typical transparent electrode indium tin oxide in optoelectronic devices. Currently, the application of polycrystalline graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition is limited for their low electrical conductivity due to the poor transfer technique. In this work, we developed a new method of preparing tri-layer graphene films with chemical modification and explored the influence of doping and patterning process on the performance of the graphene films as transparent electrodes. In order to demonstrate the application of the tri-layer graphene films in optoelectronics, we fabricated the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on them and found that plasma etching is feasible with certain influence on the quality of the graphene films and the performance of the OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endocytosis and intracellular sorting of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors play an important regulatory role in TGF-β signaling. Two major endocytic pathways, clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, have been reported to independently mediate the internalization of TGF-β receptors. In this study, we demonstrate that the clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytic pathways can converge during TGF-β receptor endocytic trafficking. By tracking the intracellular dynamics of fluorescently-labeled TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI), we found that after mediating TβRI internalization, certain clathrin-coated vesicles and caveolar vesicles are fused underneath the plasma membrane, forming a novel type of caveolin-1 and clathrin double-positive vesicles. Under the regulation of Rab5, the fused vesicles are targeted to early endosomes and thus deliver the internalized TβRI to the caveolin-1 and EEA1 double-positive early endosomes (caveolin-1-positive early endosomes). We further showed that the caveolin-1-positive early endosomes are positive for Smad3/SARA, Rab11 and Smad7/Smurf2, and may act as a multifunctional device for TGF-β signaling and TGF-β receptor recycling and degradation. Therefore, these findings uncover a novel scenario of endocytosis, the direct fusion of clathrin-coated and caveolae vesicles during TGF-β receptor endocytic trafficking, which leads to the formation of the multifunctional sorting device, caveolin-1-positive early endosomes, for TGF-β receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel enzyme-linked aptamer assay (ELAA) with the aid of Exonuclease I (Exo I) for colorimetric detection of small molecules was developed. The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled aptamer was integrated into a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). In the presence of target, the binding of aptamer with target protected the aptamer from Exo I degradation, which resulted in the FITC tag remaining on the aptamer. Then, the anti-FITC-HRP conjugate was used to produce an optically observable signal. By monitoring the color change, we were able to detect two model molecules, ATP and L-argininamide, with high selectivity and high sensitivity even in the serum matrix. It is expected to be a simple and general ELAA method with wide applicability. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel white-light luminescent material derived from bis(8-hydroxyquinolinato)zinc(II), Zn(2DCDC-HCz-Q), was designed and synthesized, which is comprised of bis(8-hydroxyquinolinato)zinc (ZnQ), 3-(dicyanomethylene)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexene (DCDC) and carbazole (Cz) groups serving as yellowish-green-, blue- and red-light emitting units, respectively. The luminescence properties of Zn(2DCDC-HCz-Q) were characterized and discussed. Zn(2DCDC-HCz-Q) showed remarkable white-light fluorescence, exhibiting CIE coordinates of around (0.32, 0.39) and coloration index of 77.7 %. During the emission process, ZnQ unit emits yellowish-green light by induction of the Cz group through Förster energy transfer, and red-light emission is realized by charge transfer from Cz ring to DCDC unit. Hence, Zn(2DCDC-HCz-Q) shows a great potential to be used in the fabrication of white-light organic light-emitting device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have built an integrated imaging system by combining stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM). The STED microscope was constructed based on the supercontinuum fiber laser and a super lateral resolution of 42 nm was achieved. With this integrated imaging system, morphological features, mechanical parameters and fluorescence super resolution imaging were obtained simultaneously for both nanobeads and fixed cell samples. This new integrated imaging system is expected to obtain comprehensive information at the nanoscale for studies in nanobiology and nanomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring single molecules in living cells is becoming a powerful tool for study of the location, dynamics, and kinetics of individual biomolecules in real time. In recent decades, several optical imaging techniques, for example epi-fluorescence microscopy, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), confocal microscopy, quasi-TIRFM, and single-point edge excitation subdiffraction microscopy (SPEED), have been developed, and their capability of capturing single-molecule dynamics in living cells has been demonstrated. In this review, we briefly summarize recent advances in the use of these imaging techniques for monitoring single-molecules in living cells for a better understanding of important biological processes, and discuss future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Smoking can cause vascular endothelial dysfunction and consequently trigger haemostatic activation and thrombosis. However, the mechanism of how smoking promotes thrombosis is not fully understood. Thrombosis is associated with the imbalance of the coagulant system due to endothelial dysfunction. As a vital anticoagulation cofactor, thrombomodulin (TM) located on the endothelial cell surface is able to regulate intravascular coagulation by binding to thrombin, and the binding results in thrombosis inhibition. This work focused on the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on TM-thrombin binding by atomic force microscopy (AFM) based single-molecule force spectroscopy. The results from both in vitro and live-cell experiments indicated that CSE could notably reduce the binding probability of TM and thrombin. This study provided a new approach and new evidence for studying the mechanism of thrombosis triggered by cigarette smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some researchers have questioned whether synthetic aptamers bind as robustly as natural antibodies. To address this issue, we used single-molecule atomic force microscopy to measure the rupture force between a protein and both its aptamer and its antibody. The rupture force on live cell membranes between the aptamer and protein was 46 ± 26 pN; the force with the antibody was 68 ± 33 pN, we conclude that the binding forces are about equal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence imaging of single molecules is becoming a powerful tool to examine biological processes at the molecular level. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), it has been possible to study the dynamic behavior of single molecules on living cell membranes. Herein, we briefly review the application of TIRFM-based single-molecule imaging in studies of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction. Furthermore, we discuss several examples of our own research on growth factor receptors, including TGF-β receptors, HER2, and EGFR, and speculate possible applications of this technique to investigate other cellular events occurring on or near the plasma-membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between the cell adhesion molecule CD11b and its ligand ICAM-1 plays an important role in inflammatory responses in the disease of atherosclerosis. Atorvastatin is a commonly prescribed statin drug which has been considered as one of the most potent therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis due to its lipid-lowering effect. Recently, there is a growing body of evidence that atorvastatin has anti-inflammatory effect. We have applied the advanced method of live-cell single-molecule force spectroscopy to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on adhesion force between ICAM-1 and CD11b. Our result showed that single-molecule binding force of ICAM-1 and CD11b detected by AFM in the living cells was about 40 pN, and atorvastatin did not affect this force by blocking ICAM-1 or CD11b. This was different from the ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody, which could directly reduce the binding force of ICAM-1 and CD11b. Flow cytometry results revealed that atorvastatin pretreatment decreased the ICAM-1 expression in TNF-α activated HUVECs, which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory effect. The study provides a new approach to study anti-inflammatory mechanism for clinic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactions between nanoparticles and living cells were investigated by an imaging technique of fluorescence microscopy. For this purpose, the C60 derivative C60(C(COOH)2)2, a therapeutic agent for degeneration diseases of central nervous system, was synthesized, purified and characterized. Its interaction with the living cell and penetration of the cellular membrane were in situ studied using the real time imaging technique, and its potential cytotoxicity was also examined by flow cytometry. The results indicate that C60(C(COOH)2)2 can easily enter cells, and is mainly located in cytoplasm by fluorescein labeling. Furthermore, C60(C(COOH)2)2 can carry the molecule that cannot cross cellular membranes into cells, because fluorescein compound itself cannot enter the cell or ad- here to membrane. At concentrations ranging from 1×10-2 to 1×10² mg/L, C60(C(COOH)2)2 does not show any detectable cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to quantitatively detect the interaction between a transcription factor, ZmDREB1A, and its target DNA sequence (DRE). The specificity of the interaction was revealed by comparing the binding probability of ZmDREB1A to DRE element with core sequence ACCGAC and to the ERE element with core sequence AGCCGCC. Moreover, the single-molecular unbinding force between ZmDREB1A and DRE element was determined using Poisson statistical method to be 99±9 pN. The results indicated that AFM could serve as a sensitive and reliable technique to probe the interaction properties of the transcription factor and DNA element at single-molecular level, thus indicating that AFM is advantageous over the traditional methods, such as the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, regarding to the functional analysis of transcription factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the adsorption and assembling of bacterio-chlorophyll c (BChLc) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphic (HOPG) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy. Finding that BChLc molecules self-organize a well-defined adlayer on HOPG surface with a monomeric structure different from the dimer association seen on adlayers of Chis a, c and BChlide c, d; Structural model proposed for the adlayer.

Studies the adsorption and aggregation of beta-amyloid(1-42)(Abeta42) on the hydrophobic graphite surface. Application of the scanning tunneling microscopy and the atomic force microscopy; Evidence that Abeta42 were preferentially adsorbed on graphite defects such as the edges.

Molecular beacons are a new class of fluorescent probes that can report the presence of specific nucleic acids with high sensitivity and excellent specificity. In addition to their current wide applications in monitoring the progress of polymerase chain reactions, their unique properties make them promising probes for the detection and visualization of target biomolecules in living cells. This article is focused on our recent research in exploring the potential of using molecular beacon for living-cell studies in three important areas: the monitoring of mRNA in living cells, the development of ultrasmall DNA/RNA biosensors, and the novel approach of combining molecular beacon's signal transduction mechanism with aptamer's specificity for real-time protein detection. These applications demonstrate molecular beacon's unique properties in bioanalysis and bioassay development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A finite element method is presented to find the propagation characteristics of an optical fiber with arbitrary cross section. This method uses a non-local boundary operator to reduce the infinite problem (open waveguide) to a bounded one. Evanescent energy in circular and square fibers of the same core area are computed and compared to show that square fibers can be effectively used in single molecule detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an unsupervised deep learning network to analyze the dynamics of membrane proteins from the fluorescence intensity traces. This system was trained in an unsupervised manner with the raw experimental time traces and synthesized ones, so neither predefined state number nor pre-labelling were required. With the bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (biLSTM) networks as the hidden layers, both the past and future context can be used fully to improve the prediction results and can even extract information from the noise distribution. The method was validated with the synthetic dataset and the experimental dataset of monomeric fluorophore Cy5, and then applied to extract the membrane protein interaction dynamics from experimental data successfully. Yuan et al. propose an unsupervised deep learning network approach to analyze the dynamics of membrane proteins from the fluorescence intensity traces. The unsupervised nature facilitates training of the system without predefined state number or pre-labelling and can even extract information from noise distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid heterojunction solar cells (HHSCs) have gained extensive research and attention due to simple device structure and low-cost technological processes. Here, HHSCs are presented based on a highly transparent conductive polymer poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) directly spin-coated on an n-type crystalline silicon with microscale surface textures, which are prepared by traditional chemical etching. We have studied interface properties between PEDOT:PSS and textured n-Si by varying coating conditions. Final power conversion efficiency (PCE) could arrive at 8.54% by these simple solution-based fabrication processes. The high conversion efficiency is attributed to the fully conformal contact between PEDOT:PSS film and textured silicon. Furthermore, the reflectance of the PEDOT:PSS layer on textured surface is analyzed by changing film thickness. In order to improve the performance of the device, silver nanowires were employed as electrodes because of its better optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. The highest PCE of 11.07% was achieved which displayed a 29.6% enhancement compared with traditional silver electrodes. These findings imply that the combination of PEDOT:PSS film and silver nanowire transparent electrodes pave a promising way for realizing high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrations of major and trace elements in sediments from the Xiangjiang and Yuanjiang River inlets to Dongting Lake (China) were analyzed using XRF and ICP-MS methods, respectively. The results show that sediments from both rivers show comparable major element compositions and a similar distribution of high strength field elements (Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th and U), large ion lithophile elements (Ba, Sc, Ga, Ge, Rb, Y, Cs), and rare earth elements (REE). However, the distribution of heavy metals V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Tl and Bi varies significantly in sediments between the two rivers. The Xiangjiang River sediments are characterized by having a distinctly higher enrichment of the heavy metals Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Tl, Bi and Cd, and they are mostly contaminated by these heavy metals. That leads to the formation of heavy-metal contaminated (HMC) sediments. Sediments from these two rivers can be coincidentally divided into three groups by their REE patterns and factor load plots of principle component analyzing on major elements of 173 samples. The HMC sediments can further be separated from those of less contaminated sediments by plots of (Eu/Eu)NS* against the synthetic enrichment index values, and the HMC sediments are found to be significantly higher enriched in the major elements Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, P2O5 and LOI, and depleted in SiO2 and Na2O. Therefore, the distribution of the major elements Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, CaO, P2O5, LOI, SiO2 and Na2O in the river sediments can be used as indicators for identifying the HMC sediments. Thus, the ‘aluminium-iron index’ (AF), the ‘silicate index’ (SI), the ‘grain size index,’ and the Al2O3/SiO2, Fe2O3/SiO2 and Al2O3/Na2O ratios are then established as chemical indices for the use of identifying the HMC sediments. River sediments that have values of AF > 25.6, SI < 67.5, Al2O3/SiO2 > 0.29, Fe2O3/SiO2 > 0.12 and Al2O3/Na2O > 43.0 are then identified to be the HMC sediments in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks are promising candidates for the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the surface roughness of the AgNWs network is still too high for its application in optoelectronic devices. In this work, we have reduced the surface roughness of the AgNWs networks to 6.4 nm, compared to 33.9 nm of the as-deposited AgNWs network through the hot-pressing process, treatment with poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfanate), and covered with graphene films. Using this method, we are able to produce AgNWs/PEDOT: PSS/SLG composite films with the transmittance and sheet resistance of 88.29% and 30 Ω/□, respectively. The OLEDs based on the AgNWs/PEDOT: PSS/SLG anodes are comparable to those based on ITO anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]