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The reaction of sulfoxides with peroxy acids in various organic media was studied. The reaction mechanism involves the rapid formation of a sulfoxide-–peroxy acid intermediate which decomposes in the second stage to form carboxylic acid and the corresponding sulfone. The second stage is the rate-limiting step. The reaction medium significantly affects the rate of oxidation. The calculated activation parameters of the oxidation process indicate a compensation effect in the investigated reaction. Correlations between the main physicochemical parameters of solvents and the effective rate constants (k) of dimethyl sulfoxide oxidation with peroxy acids were found. Depending on the reaction conditions, the main factors affecting the k values are specific and nonspecific solvation of the reactants and structural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kinetics of thermal decomposition of didecanoyl diperoxyadipate in different organic solvents have been studied. The primary homolytic dissociation of the peroxide bond (O-O) is accompanied by secondary induced chain decomposition processes. The reaction medium affects both the rate of primary homolytic decomposition and secondary decomposition processes. Correlation equations have been proposed for the rate constants of the reactions under study and physicochemical parameters of the solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal decomposition of peroxydecanoic acid has been investigated in various organic solvents. The reaction medium significantly affects the rate of peroxydecanoic acid thermal decomposition. It has been shown that primary homolytic decomposition of peroxy group is followed by induced radical chain decomposition reactions. The solvent nature influences both primary homolytic decomposition and secondary induced reactions. The correlation equations relating kinetic parameters of peroxydecanoic acid thermolysis and basic solvent properties have been derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction of epoxidation of α-pinene and Δ-carene with peroxydecanoic acid in various organic solvents was studied. Effective activation energies of oxidation of α-pinene and Δ-carene with peroxydecanoic acid in various media are evaluated. It is shown that reaction medium significantly affects the rate of the process. Correlation dependences connecting the rate of epoxidation with main parameters of solvents are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of oligo(sebacoyl peroxide) on Aerosil and MgO and benzoyl peroxide on Fe 2O 3, Cr 2O 3, and V 2O 5 has been studied. It has been established that peroxide adsorption on the considered adsorbents is described by the Langmuir equation. Benzoyl-peroxide adsorption increases in the series Fe 2O 3 < Cr 2O 3 < V 2O 5. The process of thermal decomposition of peroxides in the presence of the listed adsorbents has been studied. The overall reaction of peroxide decomposition comprises two components, i.e., the decomposition processes occurring in a solution and on an adsorbent surface. Kinetic and activation parameters of the thermal-decomposition reactions in the solutions and on the surfaces have been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal decomposition reactions of aliphatic peroxy acids containing from 8 to 16 carbon atoms in a molecule were studied. It was found that the carbon radical length had no effect on the thermal stability of peroxide groups. The apparent rate constants of thermolysis of peroxydecanoic acid in various solvents and the activation energies of the test reaction were found. The thermal degradation of peroxy acids involved secondary reactions of induced chain degradation in addition to the primary homolysis of the peroxide group. The rate constants of induced chain degradation were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic decomposition of peroxy acids is studied in various solvents in the presence of manganese, cobalt, chromium, nickel, and copper acetates and cerium benzoate. The catalytic activity of the salts in peroxy acid decomposition decreases in the order Mn2+ > Co2+ > Ce3+ > Cr3+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+. The apparent activation energies of the catalytic decomposition of peroxydecanoic acid range between 45.9 and 88.0 kJ/mol. The reaction medium has an effect both on the apparent rate constant and on the activation energy of the reaction. The reaction mechanism includes the fast formation of a catalyst-peroxy acid intermediate complex, which decomposes to release a catalyst molecule and forms the reaction products. The oxidation state of the metal ion of the catalyst can change. The introduction of compounds capable of forming complexes with metal ions of the catalyst substantially slows down the catalytic decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a complete description of Lie symmetries for the nonlinear diffusive Lotka-Volterra system. The results are used for the construction of exact solutions of the Lotka-Volterra system, which, in turn, are used for solving the corresponding nonlinear boundary-value problems with zero Neumann conditions. The analytic results are compared with the results of computation based on the finite-element method. We conclude that the obtained exact solutions play an important role in solving Neumann boundary-value problems for the Lotka-Volterra system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the influence of temperature of a working medium and loading frequency on the contact fatigue of 20KhN3A and ShKh15 steels in oil and in a 3% NaCl aqueous solution. It is shown that, as the loading frequency increases, the contact fatigue of steels increases in a 3% NaCl aqueous solution but does not change in oil. At the same time, as temperature increases, the contact fatigue decreases in a 3% NaCl aqueous solution but remains almost constant in oil. It is shown that the outlined behaviors of the analyzed steels is explained by the action of the components of working media and their concentrations in the surface layers in the course of the tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]