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This article, published in the Chemistry of Natural Compounds journal, discusses the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Stigmaphyllon blanchetii. The Stigmaphyllon genus, which belongs to the Malpighiaceae family, is known for producing various compounds and is used in folk medicine. The study found that the essential oil from S. blanchetii contains 26 compounds, with the major constituents being 14-hydroxy-(Z)-caryophyllene, α-muurolol, germacrene D, β-caryophyllene, linalool, and β-elemene. The oil also exhibited significant antioxidant activity in the ABTS test. This research provides valuable information on the chemical composition and potential health benefits of S. blanchetii. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Aging related alterations in body composition are associated with higher all-cause mortality risk.Objective: To examine the associations between 10-year mortality risk with both BMI and body composition, as well as to establish whether these relationships are modified by age and gender, using data from community-dwelling older Brazilian adults.Methods: We used data from two waves i.e., 2000 and 2010 of the SABE (Health, Well-being, and Aging) study conducted in São Paulo, Brazil, involving a probabilistic sample of community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older. The variables of the study were: mortality (in 10-year follow-up period), body mass index (BMI), body composition (waist circumference, waist hip ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, and arm muscle area) and covariables (sociodemographic characteristics, life style, self-reported health conditions, number of chronic diseases, Mini mental state exam, and Geriatric depression scale). Poisson regression estimates with STATA statistical software were used for statistical analyses, considering all p-values < 0.05.Results: Over the 10-year follow-up period, there were 769 deaths (40.2%). The mortality rate was 61.0 for men and 111.8 for the ≥80 age group. In the fully adjusted model, statistically significant hazard ratios were found for low muscle mass (IRR: 1.33), underweight (IRR: 1.29), and low fat mass (IRR: 1.31) with mortality. Men in extreme BMI categories (underweight - IRR: 1.47; obesity I - IRR: 1.66; and obesity II - IRR: 1.91) and women with low muscle and low fat mass were significantly associated with mortality risk. In the ≥80 age group it was observed that low muscle mass (IRR: 168.7), inadequate body reserves (IRR: 1.63), low fat mass (IRR: 140.7), and underweight (IRR: 142.9) were associated with mortality risk. Waist circumference demonstrated protection for mortality in the high-risk categorization for the ≥80 age group.Conclusion: Our results showed that underweight, low fat mass, and low muscle mass were associated with mortality risk, presenting different roles considering gender and age in older Brazilian adults over a 10-year follow-up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objective: There is little epidemiological evidence demonstrating that dynapenic abdominal obesity has higher mortality risk than dynapenia and abdominal obesity alone. Our main aim was to investigate whether dynapenia combined with abdominal obesity increases mortality risk among English and Brazilian older adults over ten-year follow-up.Design: Cohort study.Setting: United Kingdom and Brazil.Participants: Data came from 4,683 individuals from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and 1,490 from the Brazilian Health, Well-being and Aging study (SABE), hence the final sample of this study was 6,173 older adults.Measurements: The study population was categorized into the following groups: nondynapenic/ non-abdominal obese, abdominal obese, dynapenic, and dynapenic abdominal obese according to their handgrip strength (< 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women) and waist circumference (> 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women). The outcome was all-cause mortality over a ten-year follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios by sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The fully adjusted model showed that dynapenic abdominal obesity has a higher mortality risk among the groups. The hazard ratios (HR) were 1.37 for dynapenic abdominal obesity (95% CI = 1.12-1.68), 1.15 for abdominal obesity (95% CI = 0.98-1.35), and 1.23 for dynapenia (95% CI = 1.04-1.45).Conclusions: Dynapenia is an important risk factor for mortality but dynapenic abdominal obesity has the highest mortality risk among English and Brazilian older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to explore the relationship between anemia, hemoglobin concentration and frailty syndrome in older adults. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a cross-sectional population-based study, with adults ≥60 years (n=1,256) from the third wave of the SABE Cohort Study (Health, Well-being and Aging) conducted in 2010 in São Paulo, Brazil. Frailty syndrome was evaluated according to Fried´s phenotype. Anemia was defined using the WHO criteria (hemoglobin concentration <12 g/dL for women and <13 g/dL for men). Four approaches were used to verify the associations between anemia, hemoglobin concentration and frailty status or number of frailty criteria. We used logistic regression and Poisson regression in the analyses, and they were adjusted in three hierarchical models using three blocks of variables: basic characteristics; clinical characteristics; cognitive status. Results: Mean hemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in frail elderly (13.3g/dL, versus 14.3g/dL in non-frail; p<0.001). Prevalence of anemia was also significantly higher in frail when compared to non-frail elderly (24.2% and 3.8%; p<0.001). Anemia was significantly associated to low physical activity, weakness and slowness. In the fully adjusted regression models, anemia was strongly associated to frailty (OR=3.27, 95%IC=1.89,5.65; p<0.001), and lower levels of hemoglobin were associated to higher number of frailty criteria. Conclusions: We found important associations between anemia, hemoglobin concentration and frailty; anemic older adults were more likely to be frail, and lower levels of hemoglobin were associated to higher number of frailty criteria showing a clear dose-response effect.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sarcopenia and dynapenia have been associated with poorer physical performance, disability and death. The aim of this study was to compare the association between sarcopenia and dynapenia with mortality. Methods: We studied 1,149 Brazilians aged 60 years or older residing in São Paulo. Sarcopenia was defined according to the consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), which includes three components: low muscle mass (LMM) assessed by skeletal muscle mass index ≤ 8.90kg/m2 (men) and ≤ 6.37kg/m2 (women); low muscle strength (LMS) assessed by handgrip strength < 30kg (men) and < 20kg (women); and low physical performance (LPP) assessed by walking speed ≤ 0.8m/s. Diagnosis of sarcopenia required presence of LMM plus LMS or LPP. Dynapenia was defined as handgrip strength < 30kg (men) and < 20kg (women). Covariates included socio-demo graphic and behavioral variables, medical conditions, hospitalization, depressive symptoms, cognition, and disability in activities of daily living or instrumental activities of daily living. The outcome was all-cause mortality over five-year follow-up. Results: During the five-year follow-up, 187 subjects died. The mortality rate for those with or without sarcopenia were 65.9/1,000 person/years and 20.1/1,000 person/years and for dynapenia were 44.3/1,000 person/years and 14.9/1,000 person/years. The adjusted model showed that sarcopenia (HR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.06-2.19) and dynapenia (HR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.24-3.37) are independent risk factors for death. Conclusions: The EWGSOP definition of sarcopenia and dynapenia can help to determine risk for mortality and can be used as a screening instrument in public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sarcopenia, defined as low muscle mass (LMM), and dynapenia have been associated with adverse outcomes in elderly. Objective: Contrast the association of sarcopenia versus dynapenia with incidence of disability. Design p]A four-year prospective study (2006-2010): Setting: São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: 478 individuals aged 60 and older from the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE) study who were non-disabled at baseline. Measurements: Sarcopenia, measured according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), includes: LMM assessed by skeletal muscle mass index ≤8.90kg/m2 (men) and ≤6.37kg/m2 (women); low muscle strength (LMS) assessed by handgrip strength <30kg (men) and <20kg (women); and low physical performance (LPP) assessed by gait speed ≤0.8m/s. Diagnosis of sarcopenia required LMM plus LMS or LPP. Dynapenia was defined as handgrip strength <30kg (men) and <20kg (women). Covariates included socio-demographic and behavioral variables, medical conditions, hospitalization, depressive symptoms, cognition, perception of vision, hearing and body mass index. Outcomes: Disability in mobility or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) or disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and IADL. Results: The incidence density of mobility or IADL disability was 43.4/1000 person/year and 22.6/1000 person/year for IADL and ADL disability. There was no significant difference in incidence density according sarcopenia or dynapenia status. After controlling for all covariates, sarcopenia was associated with mobility or IADL disability (relative risk ratio = 2.23, 95%Confidence Interval: 1.03-4.85). Dynapenia was not associated with disability. Conclusions: Sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP definition can be used in clinical practice as a screening tool for early functional decline (mobility or IADL disability). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the association between hemoglobin concentration and disability and mobility difficulty among older adults living in São Paulo, Brazil. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Population-based study conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: Adults age 60 and over (n=1,256) from the third data collection wave of the SABE Study (Health, Well-being, and Aging) conducted in 2010. Measurements: Two outcome measures were included in the analyses: 1) a difficulty to perform at least one of the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and 2) mobility difficulty, which was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Logistic regression models assessed the association between hemoglobin and each of the outcome measures. All analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Results: The prevalence of IADL disability was 26.8% and 10.7% of participants had mobility difficulty. The mean hemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in older adults who already presented disability (13.7g/dL versus 14.4g/dL among independent elderly) or decreased mobility (13.4g/dL versus 14.3g/dL among elderly with preserved mobility). Higher values of hemoglobin concentration were associated with lower the risk of IADL disability (OR=0.88; p=0.04) and mobility difficulty (OR=0.81; p=0.02). Hemoglobin concentrations showed a dose-response effect in the probability of each outcome. Conclusions: Lower hemoglobin concentration was associated with a higher probability of IADL disability and mobility difficulty, showing a clear dose-response effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in older residents in São Paulo, Brazil. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: 1,149 older individuals from the second wave of the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE) study from 2006. Measurements: The definition of sarcopenia was based on the consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), which include three components: low muscle mass, assessed by a skeletal muscle mass index of ≤8.90kg/m for men and ≤6.37kg/m for women; low muscle strength, assessed by handgrip strength <30kg for men and <20kg for women; and low physical performance, assessed by gait speed <0.8m/s. Diagnosis of sarcopenia required presence of low muscle mass plus low muscle strength or low physical performance. Socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics, medical conditions and nutritional status were considered as independent variables to determine the associated factors using a logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 16.1% in women and 14.4% in men. Advanced age with a dose response effect, cognitive impairment, lower income, smoking, undernutrition and risk for undernutrition (p<0.05) were factors associated with sarcopenia. Conclusions: The EWGSOP algorithm is useful to define sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the Brazilian elderly population is high and several associated factors show that this syndrome is affected by multiple domains. No differences were observed by gender in any age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]