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8-chloro-cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP) is the most potent cAMP analog that selectively inhibits a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro and tumors in vivo. Its action toward a variety of tumors, especially when coupled with other antitumor agents, have lead to phase I clinical investigations and recently phase II clinical investigations. Until today, very little was done to evaluate its genotoxic potential. In order to evaluate its genotoxic potential we used the cytogenetic and cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in vitro on peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals. In three concentrations (1 μM, 5 μM and 15 μM), 8-Cl-cAMP in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes did not induce any cytogenetic aberrations of the structural type (chromatid breakage, isochromatid breakage and gaps), but did induce premature centromere separation (PCS) at all respective doses and increased the frequency of micronuclei ( p < 0.05) only at the highest dose (15 μM). Antiproliferative action of 8-Cl-cAMP was estimated by using the cytokinesis block nuclear division index (NDI). The results showed a decrease in NDI of cells exposed to all doses of 8-Cl-cAMP when compared to control. Therefore, the overall results show a genotoxic potential of 8-Cl-cAMP in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]