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Traditionally, dental identification techniques are used to establish identity or assist in reconstructing an individual's biological profile. However, other aspects of identity, namely socioeconomic status (SES), can be estimated through teeth. This work aims to evaluate the influence of SES on third molar agenesis in a Portuguese population. X-rays from 448 subjects (223 belonging to a high and 225 to a low socioeconomic status) were assessed and demographic data (age, sex) and dental history were registered. Frequencies and associations between the variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. For each group, differences between third molar agenesis were studied using the Wilcoxon test. The significance level was 5%. X-rays displaying at least one agenesis were more common in females (in both SES groups). Differences between socioeconomic status were found in female subjects' upper right and lower left third molars, with a higher frequency of agenesis in the lower SES group. Agenesis of lower third molars displayed fluctuant asymmetry in both groups, whereas agenesis of upper third molars was also present in the lower SES group. These results suggest that socioeconomic status can affect third molar agenesis prevalence, and fluctuant asymmetry seems more prevalent in the lower SES, as it affects all third molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of tooth agenesis and associated dental anomalies in Latvian adolescent dental patients and compare it to other European countries. Design: Cross-sectional study of 2692 11-to-14-year-old patients (39.9% males and 60.1% females) attending Riga Stradins University Institute of Stomatology with panoramic radiographs taken between August 2020 and September 2021. Patients with any genetic syndromes were excluded. Data on tooth agenesis (excluding third molars) and other dental anomalies were recorded. Results: The prevalence of tooth agenesis in Latvian adolescent dental patients was 9.3% with no statistically significant difference between genders (χ2 test, p = 0.472). The most commonly missing teeth were mandibular second premolars, followed by upper lateral incisors and upper second premolars. There was a statistically significant association with the presence of other dental anomalies in tooth agenesis patients (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study found that the prevalence of non-syndromic tooth agenesis in Latvian adolescent dental patients was 9.3% with no statistically significant differences between the genders. Patients with tooth agenesis have a statistically significant possibility of the presence of other dental anomalies (p < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evaluate if there is a significant association between the position and inclination of the unerupted maxillary canine measured on a panoramic radiograph, and their relationship to gender, age of the patient and stage of dentition. Methods: 138 panoramic radiographs were examined for this retrospective cross-sectional investigation. Only patients living in Madrid, Spain with mixed dentition were included. These measurements were performed on radiographs, considering the inclination and position of the maxillary canines with regards to the midline, and height with respect to the occlusal plane. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relation among the canine angle and height. p < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The prevalence of patients with an altered canine angle was 10%, while 43.5% had an apparently abnormal position (overlapping at least half of the adjacent lateral incisor root). No statistically significant association was found between these two variables. In 5% of the patients, the maxillary canine was with an anomalous angle and position. Significant differences were obtained when comparing canine height between children with ectopic canines and normal canines (p = 0.032). Conclusion: No significant association was found between the position and inclination of the unerupted maxillary canine in our sample. Ectopic maxillary canines had a higher incidence in girls, although we did not find statistically significant differences between genders. We observed a higher prevalence of abnormal position and inclination of the permanent maxillary canine in early mixed dentition. Maxillary canines were significantly elevated, further from the occlusal plane, in children with ectopic canines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Molar incisor malformation (MIM) is a dental anomaly rendering first permanent molar pulps inflamed/necrotic at a young age. It often affects permanent incisors, primary second molars and less frequently other teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomy and histology of MIM in seeking insight into its pathogenesis. Methods: Five MIM first permanent molars were examined with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for 3D morphology, with scanning electron microscopy for microanatomy, with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) for chemical composition and for histology with optical microscopy. Composition differences were statistically determined using one-way ANOVA. Results: Micro-CT confirmed dentin abnormalities in the middle and cervical third of the crown in the form of the radiodense 'cervical mineralized diaphragm' (CMD). This was peripherally intertwined with enamel fjords and projections severely disrupting the integrity of pulp chamber and its continuity with root canals. EDS showed increased Ca in CMD compared to dentin. The histological examination revealed anomalous osteodentin-like hard tissue with denticles in the CMD. Conclusion: An interconnection of anomalous cervical enamel with crown CMD dentin preceded to the severe pulp chamber and root dysplasias in MIM molar teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibles of 2161 juvenile roe deer (8–10 months; 1176 females and 985 males) were studied to check for dental anomalies. The sample was legally shot during the annual harvest (1st January–15th March) of the hunting seasons 2013–2015 in the Arezzo province (Central Italy). The frequency of anomalies was 0.32% (n = 7), confirming that anomalies are uncommon in roe deer dentition. All individuals had only one type of dental anomaly. The teeth of the incisor arcade seldom showed anomalies (10%) in comparison to premolars (20%) and molars (70%). In more than half of juveniles with anomalies, the length of the posterior section of the mandible was shorter than the population average (from − 8 to − 20%), unlike the length of the medio-anterior section. Some dental anomalies seem to affect the growth of the posterior section of the mandible, which occurs mostly during the first year of life, rather than the growth of the medio-anterior section, which occurs mostly in utero. Due to the complex relationship between mandible growth and dental anomalies and their low frequency, further data are needed to deepen the possible influence of anomalies on growth pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remains of large porcupines (an incomplete skull, cranial and mandibular fragments, isolated teeth and postcranial bones) from the Early Pleistocene Taurida cave locality in central Crimea (Belogorsk district, Zuya village) are referred to the species Hystrix (Hystrix) refossa Gervais, 1852, which has not been reported from Crimea previously. Based on the stages of eruption, replacement and attrition of the lower dentition, the presence of individuals of six age categories, from juvenile to senile, was established. One dentary shows an intravital loss of cheek teeth, presumably caused by abnormal development of their roots and sockets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the current study is to correlate the presence of tooth agenesis with other dental anomalies in 7- to 15-year-old patients. Materials and methods: After evaluating 4000 panoramic radiographs of young subjects, 430 revealed the presence of tooth agenesis, except for the third molar, and are retrospectively observed and compared with a non-agenesis control group of 500 subjects, in order to investigate the existence of other associated dental anomalies in both groups. Results: The prevalence of tooth agenesis was approximately 9.30% (430/4000); no significant gender differences were found. A significantly higher prevalence of microdontia of the maxillary lateral incisors (p < 0.001) and delayed tooth development (p = 0.0001) was observed in the agenesis group (group A), while delayed development of permanent teeth (p < 0.0001) and hypo-occlusion of the primary molars (p = 0.0130) were found in the control group (group B). Conclusions: Agenesis patients presented a significantly higher prevalence of microdontia of the maxillary lateral incisors. Instead, non-agenesis patients presented a high prevalence of delayed permanent tooth development and hypo-occlusion of the primary molars. Moreover, further researches are needed to elucidate the role of genetics and environmental factors in the current sample group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Understand EAPD members' practices of vital bleaching for children with dental anomalies. Methods: An anonymous online survey sent via EAPD in January 2019, consisting of 13 questions with possible multiple answers and free text. Results: 110 responses from 24 countries were obtained. The majority worked in hospitals/universities (n = 69, 63%) or private practices (n = 50, 46%) and were specialists (n = 62, 57%) or senior academics (n = 35, 32%). Most respondents (n = 74 68%) did not provide vital bleaching for children. 88 respondents (80%) belonged to EU: of these, 46 (52%) were not aware of bleaching regulations. For respondents who provided bleaching 26 (72%) undertook home bleaching, using 10% carbamide peroxide (n = 21, 58%), most commonly for 2 weeks (n = 14, 39%), following establishment of the permanent dentition (n = 21, 58%). Deciding factors included: extent (n = 27, 75%) and shade (n = 26, 72%) of discolouration and child being teased by peers (n = 23, 64%). Main reasons for not bleaching included: concerns with side effects (n = 41; 55%) and not agreeing with bleaching (n = 23, 31%). Dentists who did not bleach managed a range of conditions, most frequently molar-incisor hypomineralisation (n = 57; 77%). The majority provided composite restorations with removal of tooth structure (n = 50; 68%) with a number opting for no treatment (n = 27, 37%). Conclusion: This study shows wide variations in treatment of children's dental anomalies across Europe. Fears of adverse effects and personal beliefs seemed to be the main deterrents to bleaching in children. Clinicians who provided bleaching tended to opt for more conservative techniques and to take children's concerns into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically review the evidence of the diagnostic efficacy of panoramic radiographs (PRs) in the following six clinical situations: caries, acute dental infections, dental trauma, dental anomalies, Developmental disorders and pathological conditions in children. The research question posed by the EAPD was: "In which clinical situations and age groups is it indicated/contra-indicated to prescribe PRs in relation to these six clinical situations, in children". Methods: An electronic search of the following databases was conducted: MEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE via OVID, The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and the Cochrane Health Technology Assessment (HTA), to identify relevant studies published from 1990 to 2018. The systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Study screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment of included studies was carried out independently and in duplicate using the QUADAS 2 tool. Results: The search resulted in 3420 potentially relevant studies, and following screening 175 full texts were obtained, of which 16 were finally included in the review. Meta-analysis was not possible for any of the aforementioned clinical situations, therefore the included studies were tabulated in terms of qualitative descriptive hierarchy of evidence for diagnostic. Conclusion: Based on currently available evidence there is a need for high quality diagnostic accuracy efficacy studies to address important diagnostic tasks in these six clinical situations in children, as there is a lack of scientific evidence concerning PRs in children, as there would support the production of guidelines for prescribing PRs in children along with their relative indications and contra-indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sphenoid sinus variations in patients with cleft lip/palate. Methods: Sixty three (63) patient's cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, taken from the head and neck region, were evaluated. Images were divided into two groups; [Group 1; patients with cleft lip/palate (CLP Group) (n = 23) Group 2; patients without cleft lip/palate (control group) (n = 40)]. The main pneumatization types (conchal, sellar, and presellar) of sphenoid sinuses were assessed on sagittal sections of the CBCT images. The sphenoid body, lateral and lesserwing types were evaluated on coronal sections and anterior type pneumatization was evaluated on axial sections. Results: The mean age ranged from 12 to 26 (16.57 ± 4.46) in Group 1 and 12 to 25 (16.58 ± 3.71) in Group 2. In both groups, the male and female distribution was found similar (P = 0.342). The sellar type was the most common pneumatization type of sphenoid sinus both for the Group 1 (91.3%) and Group 2 (80%). Any statistically significant difference was not found between the two groups in terms of the incidence of pneumatization types. Combined type pneumatization was detected in 65.6% of the Control group and 76.2% of the CLP group. Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence of sphenoid sinus pneumatization types in CLP patients was compared with the normal population. Any significant difference was not determined in the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Familial adenomatous polyposis patients often present with non-malignant extra-intestinal manifestations which include dental anomalies that may be evident prior to the appearance of the colonic adenomas. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence and type of dental anomalies and the relationships between gene mutations and dental anomalies in these patients. Twenty-two pediatric familial adenomatous polyposis patients and 46 controls, who were age and gender matched participated. Familial adenomatous polyposis patient’s had a dental examination with panoramic radiograph and medical record review for age at diagnosis, the presence of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation, and determination of other extra-intestinal manifestations on the body. The control group was identified from a retrospective chart review and selected if there was a current panoramic radiograph. The only significant difference between familial adenomatous polyposis patients and controls were the presence of jaw osteomas and sclerosis (p = .0001). Patients with a mutation in, or upstream of codon 1309 had a higher frequency of osteomas (77.8%) and jaw-bone sclerosis (44.4%), and 77% of these had at least one dental anomaly. This preliminary study showed an association between a genetic variant at, or upstream of codon 1309, and radiographic dental anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prevalence of dental anomalies in cleft patients is higher than that in general population. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of dental anomalies and their coexistence in French children with cleft and, then, to investigate the relation between the dental anomalies and the cleft type.Material and methods: Seventy-four non-syndromic cleft patients (6–16 years old) from Lille Regional University and Mondor-Chenevier Hospitals (France) were included. Clefts were classified as right/left unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and cleft palate (CP). Dental anomalies were investigated on panoramic radiographs and categorized as agenesis, supernumerary teeth, incisor rotations, impacted canines and shape anomalies. Prevalence and gender distribution of dental anomalies, mean number of affected teeth per patient, agenesis occurrence and location, and coexistence of dental anomalies were analysed by cleft type.Results: 96.0% of patients presented at least one dental anomaly (agenesis 83.8%, incisor rotations 25.7%, shape anomalies 21.6%, impacted canines 18.9%, supernumerary teeth 8.1%). BCLP patients had a higher number of affected teeth, and left UCLP patients had a higher one compared to right UCLP patients. Distribution of inside (45.3%) and outside (54.7%) cleft region agenesis was similar. Adjacent (31.8%) and not adjacent (33.3%) combined dental anomalies were often encountered.Conclusions: Dental anomalies were localized inside as well as outside cleft region and were often associated with each other. BCLP patients were more affected.Clinical relevance: Early radiographic evaluation allows a comprehensive diagnosis of inside and outside cleft region anomalies, required for the multidisciplinary dental treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tooth agenesis, microdontia, and tooth malformation among non-syndromic oral cleft patients and their potential association with cleft type and gender. Methods: Intraoral records and radiographs of 154 patients (97 males and 57 females) were examined. The variables assessed were tooth agenesis, microdontia, dental malformations, and cleft types. The statistics included chi-square and Fisher's exact tests as well as logistic regression to assess any mutual effects of gender and cleft type on the dental variables. Results: Tooth agenesis occurred in 50% of the sample and microdontia in 18%. Non-statistically significant odds ratios for the association of gender and cleft type with tooth agenesis were obtained. Tooth agenesis was substantially higher at the unilateral right CL + P and the bilateral CL + P in quadrant 1 and at the unilateral left CL + P and bilateral CL + P in quadrant 2. It was also higher, at the isolated cleft palate (CP) in quadrants 3 and 4. These results were attributed to teeth 22 (31.8%) and 12 (21.6%) in the maxilla and to teeth 35 (6.1%) and 45 (5.4%) in the mandible. In unilateral CL + P patients, the cleft quadrant that presented tooth agenesis was associated with the side of the cleft. Conclusions: Interdisciplinary treatment of the oral cleft patients should take into consideration the high prevalence of tooth agenesis and their association with the different cleft types. The most frequently affected teeth by cleft are by far the upper lateral incisors. Results indicate that tooth agenesis appears to be a genetically controlled anomaly related to the orofacial cleft development through various genetic links and not caused by the cleft disruptive process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Current knowledge on dental anomalies in patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) has been obtained by examining case reports; however, an overall characterization of such alterations remains lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, type and location of dental alterations in IP using a case series. Methods: Fourteen patients (9 children and 5 adults) with a clinical diagnosis of IP who presented dental anomalies were included in this study. All patients were administered a clinical questionnaire, dental examination and radiological investigation. Results: In the present case series, agenesis of primary dentition was present in 60 % of patients and agenesis of permanent tooth was present in 92.8 % of patients. Most cases were missing at least 6 teeth. Second molar agenesis was present in 13 patients (92.8 %). Anomalies in dental crowns occurred in 71.4 % of cases, and the central incisor was most frequently affected. Two adult patients still had primary teeth. Malocclusion was found in 10 patients (71.4 %). High-arched palate was observed in 7 (50 %) patients. Conclusions: Patients with IP present alterations in both primary and permanent dentition. Because the agenesis of permanent teeth is more common, primary teeth are not always replaced. In addition, the durability of primary dentition appears to be greater in IP. Clinical significance: This study shows that patients with IP experience significant loss of teeth, especially in permanent dentition, and have an increased risk of high-arched palate compared to the general population. Prophylactic care of primary teeth in IP is relevant for improving functional and aesthetic outcomes until dental prostheses are implanted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mammals, congenital dental anomalies likely represent an evolutionary trend in the reduction of teeth (oligodonty) from the primitive dental formula. We quantified variation in the number of teeth from 421 wolverine ( Gulo gulo) from northwestern Canada, focusing on polydonty (additional teeth), congenital oligodonty, and tooth rotation (misalignment). We predicted that oligodonty may be an evolutionary consequence of a previously reported increase in size of carnassial teeth since the Pleistocene. We also predicted that wolverine with missing or rotated teeth had smaller dental arcades than those without these anomalies. Oligodonty was observed in 42 wolverines (10 %), with the most cases involving the P or P (56 %) and P or P (32 %). We observed rotated teeth in 43 % of wolverines; virtually all of the rotated teeth we observed were P or P. The frequency of oligodonty or rotated teeth was strikingly similar between the sexes. Both oligodonty and rotated teeth were observed more frequently in the mandibular than the maxillary toothrows. Most wolverine (67 %) with oligodonty were missing teeth unilaterally; in contrast, most animals with rotated teeth exhibited bilateralism (86 %). Condylobasal length and most measures of the dental arcade did not differ between wolverine with or without missing or rotated teeth; however, we found that skulls with missing or rotated teeth had narrower palate breadth ratios. Our data suggest that there may be an evolutionary trend in the loss of teeth at the anterior of the toothrows of wolverines, which may be a result of narrower dental arcades and larger carnassial teeth. Wolverine have a hypercarnivorous diet, and selection may be toward optimizing those teeth that contribute to securing and processing food (i.e., canine and carnassial teeth), and against those that likely do not contribute substantially to increasing fitness and survival, such as the P/P and P/P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of anomalies of permanent dentition in the current Japanese population by examining an unbiased sample. We conducted a survey of dental anomalies by mass dental screening at eight high schools in 2012. Participants were all students with permanent dentition. Dental anomalies were classified as hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, peg-shaped teeth, fused teeth, and talon cusps. Students with one or more dental anomalies on oral examination were given a differential diagnosis by three specialists. The final sample comprised 9584 participants (5062 boys, 4522 girls). Hypodontia was present in 372 students (3.88 %) with no significant sex difference (191 boys, 181 girls). Frequent sites were the right or left mandibular second premolar, right or left maxillary second premolar, and right or left maxillary lateral incisor. Supernumerary teeth were observed in three boys (0.06 %) and one girl (0.02 %). Peg-shaped teeth were observed in 74 students (0.77 %; 27 boys, 47 girls), differing significantly between sexes; they were most prevalent among maxillary lateral incisors. Of affected students, 18 students (0.19 %) also had hypodontia (3 boys, 15 girls). Fused teeth were present in two boys (0.04 %) and three girls (0.07 %) (gemination in one boy and fusion in the remaining four students). Sites were limited to maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors. Talon cusps were observed in two boys (0.04 %) and four girls (0.09 %). The present survey of a large unbiased sample can be considered to reflect the prevalence and distribution of anomalies of permanent dentition in the current Japanese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CT scanning analysis applied to vertebrate palaeontology is providing an increasing number of data of great interest. This method can be used in many branches of palaeontology such as the investigation of all the fossilized elements in a hard matrix and the hidden structures in the bones. A large number of pathologies are 'hidden', completely or partially invisible on the external surface of the bones because their development took place within the bones. However, the study of these diseases and abnormalities plays a crucial role in our understanding of evolutionary and adaptive processes of extinct taxa. The analysis of a partial skeleton of the sabre-toothed felid Megantereon whitei from the Early Pleistocene karst filling deposits of Monte Argentario (Tuscany, Italy) has been carried out. The CT scanning analysis put in evidence the presence of supernumerary teeth (P) and the absence of P in the mandible. The occurrence of P can be considered as an evidence of atavism. Such an archaic feature is recorded for the first time in Megantereon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to estimate the prevalence of dental anomalies in primary dentition in a sample of 2- to 5-year-old Brazilian preschool children, determine their distribution, and investigate their occurrence in the succedaneous teeth of the sample compared with a control group of children with no dental anomalies in the primary dentition. Materials and methods: The one-stage sample comprised 1,718 two to five-year-old children with fully erupted primary dentition clinically examined for dental anomalies. All children presenting dental anomalies underwent panoramic radiographs. Descriptive statistics were performed for the studied variables. A control group matched by sex and age was studied to compare the prevalence ratio for dental anomalies in the permanent dentition. Results: The prevalence of dental anomalies in the primary dentition was 1.8 %, with no significant statistical difference between sexes. Double teeth were the most frequently observed. Dental anomalies on the succedaneous permanent teeth were diagnosed in 54.8 % of the children with affected primary dentition. The prevalence ratio (PR) for dental anomalies in the succedaneous permanent teeth was 17.1 (confidence interval (CI) 5.33-54.12) higher compared with the control group, higher in children with bilateral anomalies (PR = 31.2, CI 10.18-94.36). Conclusions: An association between anomalies of the permanent dentition and the presence of dental anomalies in primary teeth was observed, especially when they occur bilaterally. Clinical relevance: The results in the present study have a clinical relevance in the diagnosis of children with dental anomalies in primary dentition. Early identification of these anomalies can aid the dentist in planning dental treatment at the appropriate time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Macrodontia or megadontia is a rare dental anomaly that refers to teeth that appear larger than normal. Generalised macrodontia may be associated with certain medical conditions and syndromes. Isolated macrodontia involves single teeth, might be the result of teeth fusion and is mainly seen in the incisor area. Case reports: This paper describes two unrelated cases presenting with bilateral macrodont second lower premolars and the treatment provided. One case demonstrated the anomaly in both the patient and his father. Conclusion: This case report suggests for the first time in the literature the genetic aetiology and heritability, as a possible autosomal dominant trait, of this rare dental anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severely hypomineralised first permanent molars (FPMs) in children with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) often require comprehensive restorative treatment. Different types of treatment have been described in the literature, including conservative treatment and use of various types of crowns. Aim: To describe a gentle and minimally invasive method for restoration of severely hypomineralised FPMs and to perform an initial, practice-based evaluation of the outcome for up to a 10-year follow-up period. Methods: Thirty-three children (mean age 12.1 years, SD 2.6) were treated with 57 minimally invasive cast adhesive gold copings (CAC). Sedation, local analgesia using a computer-controlled injection device, and behaviour management techniques were used to secure gentle care of the child. In cases with need for treatment of several teeth, the teeth not under treatment were covered by splints. The preparation border was placed in sound enamel, allowing 1/2-2 mm space to secure sufficient strength of the final restoration, which was cemented with dual composite cement. Follow-up examinations were performed by the dentists referring the children. Results: All the children referred for treatment could be treated using this procedure, and of the 57 CAC, 56 (98.2 %) were still functioning after a mean observation period of 38.6 months (SD 28.9). Conclusion: In addition to existing types of treatment, minimally invasive CAC seems to be a feasible and useful method for restoration of FPMs with demarcated opacities and post-eruptive surface loss in children with MIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an X-linked genodermatosis caused by a mutation of the IKBKG gene. The objective of this study was to present a systematic review of the dental and oral types of anomalies, to determine the total number and sex distribution of the anomalies, and to analyze possible therapies. Materials and methods: We analyzed the literature data from 1,286 IP cases from the period 1993-2010. Results: Dental and/or oral anomalies were diagnosed for 54.38% of the investigated IP patients. Most of the anomaly types were dental, and the most frequent of these were dental shape anomalies, hypodontia, and delayed dentition. The most frequent oral anomaly types were cleft palate and high arched palate. IKBKG exon 4-10 deletion was present in 86.36% of genetically confirmed IP patients. Conclusions: According to the frequency, dental and/or oral anomalies represent the most frequent and important IP minor criteria. The most frequent mutation was IKBKG exon 4-10 deletion. The majority of dental anomalies and some of the oral anomalies could be corrected. Clinical relevance: Because of the presence of cleft palate and high arched palate in IP patients, these two anomalies may be considered as diagnostic IP minor criteria as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a complex syndrome of osseous and visceral anomalies that include the classical clinical triad of short neck, limitation of head and neck movements and low posterior hairline. It may also be associated with anomalies of the genitourinary, musculoskeletal, neurologic and cardiac systems. We report a case of type III KFS with associated rib anomalies such as cervical rib, fusion and bifid ribs, scoliosis and fused crossed renal ectopia. The aim of this paper was to summarize all craniofacial anomalies that occur in association with KFS, so that clinicians would be aware of them during diagnosis and treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Ophthalmologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We interpret an unusual left M[sup 3] attributed to Pongo from the Late Middle Pleistocene of Thailand to be an abnormal tooth rather than a supernumerary molar. Its peculiar morphology cannot be related to classical known causes that affect the dental germ: Gemination, schizodontia, synodontia. The ontogenic mechanism that might have led to the morphology of the tooth perhaps reflects stress related to a phase of marked climatic changes during the Late Middle Pleistocene in Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate tooth crown size in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP), right cleft lip and palate (RCLP), and left cleft lip and palate (LCLP) subtypes and compare them between each other and between class I control group. A total of 110 patients, 55 patients' records with CLP (28 male, 27 female) and the same number of 55 patients' records with class I (27 male, 28 female) as control group, have been included. All plaster models were scanned with dental scanner and then analyzed using digital program to measure tooth size. When comparing right and left side of LCLP group, mesio-distal (MD) and labio-lingual (LL) dimensions of the centrals have the significant difference, where the largest dimensions were the right centrals (p < 0.05). When comparing right and left side of RCLP group, labio-lingual (LL) dimensions of the canines have the significant difference, where the largest dimensions were the right canines (p < 0.05). In class I group, there were no significant differences between right and left sides. There was a significant mean difference in Centrals MD, Centrals LL, and Canines LL (p < 0.05) between all groups when comparing the right sides and left sides alone, where class I group has the largest mean between all groups. Cleft lip and palate patients were noticed to have significant dental anomalies that affect the number, shape, and size of the teeth. These anomalies can impair function and affect the psychology of the patients. Therefore, a dental analysis focusing on restoring the esthetics as much as function should be considered when treating these patients. Dental materials with nanoparticles ranged from 1 to 100 nm showed to have better integration with dental tissues and the future of nanotechnology is very exciting in dental practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]