18 results on '"Degeling, Chris"'
Search Results
2. Should Digital Contact Tracing Technologies be used to Control COVID-19? Perspectives from an Australian Public Deliberation.
- Author
-
Degeling, Chris, Hall, Julie, Johnson, Jane, Abbas, Roba, Bag, Shopna, and Gilbert, Gwendolyn L.
- Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance ,PRIVACY ,COVID-19 ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,DIGITAL technology ,MOBILE apps ,PUBLIC health ,MEDICAL ethics ,CONTACT tracing ,POLICY sciences ,ADULT education workshops ,PUBLIC opinion - Abstract
Mobile phone-based applications (apps) can promote faster targeted actions to control COVID-19. However, digital contact tracing systems raise concerns about data security, system effectiveness, and their potential to normalise privacy-invasive surveillance technologies. In the absence of mandates, public uptake depends on the acceptability and perceived legitimacy of using technologies that log interactions between individuals to build public health capacity. We report on six online deliberative workshops convened in New South Wales to consider the appropriateness of using the COVIDSafe app to enhance Australian contact tracing systems. All groups took the position (by majority) that the protections enacted in the app design and supporting legislation were appropriate. This support is contingent on several system attributes including: the voluntariness of the COVIDSafe app; that the system relies on proximity rather than location tracking; and, that data access is restricted to local public health practitioners undertaking contact tracing. Despite sustained scepticism in media coverage, there was an underlying willingness to trust Australian governing institutions such that in principle acceptance of the new contact tracing technology was easy to obtain. However, tensions between the need to prove system effectiveness through operational transparency and requirements for privacy protections could be limiting public uptake. Our study shows that informed citizens are willing to trade their privacy for common goods such as COVID-19 suppression. But low case numbers and cautionary public discourses can make trustworthiness difficult to establish because some will only do so when it can be demonstrated that the benefits justify the costs to individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Women's Experiences of and Perspectives on Transvaginal Mesh Surgery for Stress Urine Incontinency and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Qualitative Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Motamedi, Mina, Carter, Stacy M., and Degeling, Chris
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Conducting Qualitative Research Online: Challenges and Solutions.
- Author
-
Carter, Stacy M., Shih, Patti, Williams, Jane, Degeling, Chris, and Mooney-Somers, Julie
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. One Health promotion and the politics of dog management in remote, northern Australian communities.
- Author
-
Brookes, Victoria J., Ward, Michael P., Rock, Melanie, and Degeling, Chris
- Subjects
HEALTH promotion ,DOGS ,WELL-being ,ANIMAL health - Abstract
Community perspectives are rarely sought or integrated into dog management policy and practice. Dog management in remote communities in Australia has focused on reducing the number of dogs, which is often implemented by visiting veterinarians, despite widely-held opinions that fly-in-fly-out services provide only temporary solutions. We conducted participatory research in a group of remote communities in northern Australia to explore how dog-related problems arise and are managed, and explain their impacts from a One Health perspective. Over the course of a year, 53 residents from a range of backgrounds contributed through in-depth interviews with key community service providers, and informal semi-structured discussions with community residents. Free-roaming dogs have broader impacts on canine and human health than previously documented. Dog-keeping norms that enable free-roaming can enhance human and dog wellbeing and intra-family connectivity. This can also cause disengagement and conflict with other residents, leading to resentment and occasionally violence towards dogs. Dog-related problems are underpinned by constraints associated with remote-living, governance and differing sociocultural norms. Focusing on dog population reduction detracts from the welfare benefits and sociocultural value of free-roaming dogs and undermines community-determined management that can overcome constraints to support local values and co-promote canine and human wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Communicable Disease Surveillance Ethics in the Age of Big Data and New Technology.
- Author
-
Gilbert, Gwendolyn L., Degeling, Chris, and Johnson, Jane
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNICABLE diseases , *EMERGING infectious diseases , *BIG data , *DISEASE outbreaks , *ELECTRONIC surveillance , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Surveillance is essential for communicable disease prevention and control. Traditional notification of demographic and clinical information, about individuals with selected (notifiable) infectious diseases, allows appropriate public health action and is protected by public health and privacy legislation, but is slow and insensitive. Big data–based electronic surveillance, by commercial bodies and government agencies (for profit or population control), which draws on a plethora of internet- and mobile device–based sources, has been widely accepted, if not universally welcomed. Similar anonymous digital sources also contain syndromic information, which can be analysed, using customised algorithms, to rapidly predict infectious disease outbreaks, but the data are nonspecific and predictions sometimes misleading. However, public health authorities could use these online sources, in combination with de-identified personal health data, to provide more accurate and earlier warning of infectious disease events—including exotic or emerging infections—even before the cause is confirmed, and allow more timely public health intervention. Achieving optimal benefits would require access to selected data from personal electronic health and laboratory (including pathogen genomic) records and the potential to (confidentially) re-identify individuals found to be involved in outbreaks, to ensure appropriate care and infection control. Despite existing widespread digital surveillance and major potential community benefits of extending its use to communicable disease control, there is considerable public disquiet about allowing public health authorities access to personal health data. Informed public discussion, greater transparency and an ethical framework will be essential to build public trust in the use of new technology for communicable disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Guest Editorial.
- Author
-
Lederman, Zohar and Degeling, Chris
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A Delphi Survey and Analysis of Expert Perspectives on One Health in Australia.
- Author
-
Degeling, Chris, Johnson, Jane, Ward, Michael, Wilson, Andrew, and Gilbert, Gwendolyn
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,ANIMAL health ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,EMERGING infectious diseases ,ZOONOSES - Abstract
One Health (OH) is an interdisciplinary approach aiming to achieve optimal health for humans, animals and their environments. Case reports and systematic reviews of success are emerging; however, discussion of barriers and enablers of cross-sectoral collaboration are rare. A four-phase mixed-method Delphi survey of Australian human and animal health practitioners and policymakers ( n = 52) explored areas of consensus and disagreement over: (1) the operational definition of OH; (2) potential for cross-sectoral collaboration; and (3) key priorities for shaping the development of an OH response to significantly elevated zoonotic disease risk. Participants agreed OH is essential for effective infectious disease prevention and control, and on key priorities for outbreak responses, but disagreed over definitions and the relative priority of animal health and welfare and economic considerations. Strong support emerged among Australian experts for an OH approach. There was also recognition of the need to ensure cross-sectoral differences are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Dying a Natural Death: Ethics and Political Activism for Endemic Infectious Disease.
- Author
-
Hooker, Claire, Degeling, Chris, and Mason, Paul
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Beyond Biomedicine: Relationships and Care in Tuberculosis Prevention.
- Author
-
Mason, Paul and Degeling, Chris
- Abstract
With attention to the experiences, agency, and rights of tuberculosis (TB) patients, this symposium on TB and ethics brings together a range of different voices from the social sciences and humanities. To develop fresh insights and new approaches to TB care and prevention, it is important to incorporate diverse perspectives from outside the strictly biomedical model. In the articles presented in this issue of the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, clinical experience is married with historical and cultural context, ethical concerns are brought to bear on global health, and structural analyses shed light upon the lived experience of people living with TB. The relational and reciprocal dimensions of care feature strongly in these discussions, which serve as a poignant reminder that behind each of the yearly deaths from TB is a deeply personal story. No single discipline holds a monopoly on how to care for each of these people, but strong cases are made for support from mental health and social workers in addressing the kaleidoscope of needs in TB prevention. As the World Health Organization moves towards the goal of eliminating TB globally by 2050, attending to the needs of TB patients serves global interests to lower disease burden and to develop better integrated communities worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Citizens, Consumers and Animals: What Role do Experts Assign to Public Values in Establishing Animal Welfare Standards?
- Author
-
Degeling, Chris and Johnson, Jane
- Subjects
ANIMAL welfare ,PUBLIC goods ,CONSUMER behavior research ,MORAL hazard ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
The public can influence animal welfare law and regulation. However what constitutes 'the public' is not a straightforward matter. A variety of different publics have an interest in animal use and this has implications for the governance of animal welfare. This article presents an ethnographic content analysis of how the concept of a public is mobilized in animal welfare journals from 2003 to 2012. The study was undertaken to explore how experts in the discipline define and regard the role of the public in determining animal welfare standards. Analysis indicates that experts in animal welfare constitute different types of citizen and consumer publics around specific types of animal use, framed by different theories of value. These results suggest a need for greater clarity about the roles and responsibilities of experts and publics in animal welfare reform processes. Clearly citizens and consumers can both contribute to promoting higher welfare standards, but an over-reliance on market mechanisms and consumer behaviour to assign value is beset by moral hazards, foremost being the risk of disarticulating the concept of animal welfare from the public good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Political and Ethical Challenge of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis.
- Author
-
Degeling, Chris, Mayes, Christopher, Lipworth, Wendy, Kerridge, Ian, and Upshur, Ross
- Subjects
- *
PHARMACEUTICAL industry & ethics , *TUBERCULOSIS , *BIOETHICS , *DRUG resistance in microorganisms , *HEALTH services accessibility , *INTELLECTUAL property , *PRACTICAL politics , *POVERTY , *PUBLIC health , *WORLD health , *ETHICS - Abstract
This article critically examines current responses to multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and argues that bioethics needs to be willing to engage in a more radical critique of the problem than is currently offered. In particular, we need to focus not simply on market-driven models of innovation and anti-microbial solutions to emergent and re-emergent infections such as TB. The global community also needs to address poverty and the structural factors that entrench inequalities-thus moving beyond the orthodox medical/public health frame of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Faith-based perspectives on the use of chimeric organisms for medical research.
- Author
-
Degeling, Chris, Irvine, Rob, and Kerridge, Ian
- Abstract
Efforts to advance our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases involve the creation chimeric organisms from human neural stem cells and primate embryos-known as prenatal chimeras. The existence of potential mentally complex beings with human and non-human neural apparatus raises fundamental questions as to the ethical permissibility of chimeric research and the moral status of the creatures it creates. Even as bioethicists find fewer reasons to be troubled by most types of chimeric organisms, social attitudes towards the non-human world are often influenced by religious beliefs. In this paper scholars representing eight major religious traditions provide a brief commentary on a hypothetical case concerning the development and use of prenatal human-animal chimeric primates in medical research. These commentaries reflect the plurality and complexity within and between religious discourses of our relationships with other species. Views on the moral status and permissibility of research on neural human animal chimeras vary. The authors provide an introduction to those who seek a better understanding of how faith-based perspectives might enter into biomedical ethics and public discourse towards forms of biomedical research that involves chimeric organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Public Health Ethics and a Status for Pets as Person-Things: Revisiting the Place of Animals in Urbanized Societies.
- Author
-
Rock, Melanie and Degeling, Chris
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC health ethics , *ANIMAL rights , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *ETHICS , *HUMAN-animal relationships , *PETS , *PROPERTY , *URBAN health , *LABELING theory - Abstract
Within the field of medical ethics, discussions related to public health have mainly concentrated on issues that are closely tied to research and practice involving technologies and professional services, including vaccination, screening, and insurance coverage. Broader determinants of population health have received less attention, although this situation is rapidly changing. Against this backdrop, our specific contribution to the literature on ethics and law vis-à-vis promoting population health is to open up the ubiquitous presence of pets within cities and towns for further discussion. An expanding body of research suggests that pet animals are deeply relevant to people’s health (negatively and positively). Pet bylaws adopted by town and city councils have largely escaped notice, yet they are meaningful to consider in relation to everyday practices, social norms, and cultural values, and thus in relation to population health. Nevertheless, not least because they pivot on defining pets as private property belonging to individual people, pet bylaws raise emotionally charged ethical issues that have yet to be tackled in any of the health research on pet ownership. The literature in moral philosophy on animals is vast, and we do not claim to advance this field here. Rather, we pragmatically seek to reconcile philosophical objections to pet ownership with both animal welfare and public health. In doing so, we foreground theorizations of personhood and property from sociocultural anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Bioethics and Nonhuman Animals.
- Author
-
Irvine, Rob, Degeling, Chris, and Kerridge, Ian
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL rights , *ETHICS , *HUMAN-animal relationships , *PETS , *PHILOSOPHY , *SERIAL publications - Abstract
An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editors discuss articles on animal ethics and nonhuman animals published within the issue.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Cutting a Bone to Heal a Ligament: Idealized Animals and Orthopaedics.
- Author
-
Degeling, Chris
- Abstract
Developments in biomedical science continue to transform our understanding of concepts such as health and disease. The creation of this expertise has also had a substantive role in changing the veterinary approach to animal diseases. Traditionally, companion animal veterinarians modelled their practices on developments in the diagnosis and treatment of human patients. As science and technology have realigned the boundaries between normalcy, intra-species variation and pathology in particular domains of expertise such as orthopaedic surgery, these patterns of knowledge translation have changed. Not so long ago, treatments for the rupture of the cruciate ligament in human and canine patients were based on pathoanatomical comparison and designed to reestablish the stability of the joint by the functional restoration of ligament anatomy. Recently, a radically different characterization of the canine injury-with a corresponding alternative intervention-has been proposed within the field of veterinary orthopaedics. It views the normal anatomy of the canine knee as being in some way inherently pathogenic and proposes the surgical creation of an idealized structure as a remedy to dysfunction and disease. The veterinary focus on an ideal of patient performance, rather than a specific pathology, is now influencing how orthopaedists choose to approach analogous human injuries. In this article, I chart the history of canine 'cruciate disease' therapies as a means to map some of the epistemic assumptions, interplays of idealized and analogical reasoning and patterns of knowledge translation central to the biomedicalization of the science and practice of orthopaedic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Picturing the Pain of Animal Others: Rationalising Form, Function and Suffering in Veterinary Orthopaedics.
- Author
-
Degeling, Chris
- Subjects
- *
VETERINARY orthopedics , *VETERINARY surgery , *HISTORY of veterinary medicine , *PAIN , *ORTHOPEDICS , *HUMAN-animal relationships , *SUFFERING , *ANIMALS , *SURGERY , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *MEDICAL innovations , *MEDICAL technology - Abstract
Advances in veterinary orthopaedics are assessed on their ability to improve the function and wellbeing of animal patients. And yet historically veterinarians have struggled to bridge the divide between an animal's physicality and its interior experience of its function in clinical settings. For much of the twentieth century, most practitioners were agnostic to the possibility of animal mentation and its implications for suffering. This attitude has changed as veterinarians adapted to technological innovations and the emergence of a clientele who claimed to understand and relate to the subjective experiences of their animals. While visualising technologies and human analogies have shaped the nuts and bolts of veterinary orthopaedic practices, an emerging awareness of the inability of radiographic images to apprehend or correlate to a patient's experience of their function reliably has required veterinarians to place a greater emphasis on the owner's knowledge of the "selves" inhabiting their animals. Rather than simply basing clinical judgments on the "look" of their patients, the indeterminacy in the connection between form and function has compelled veterinarians to put questions regarding particular human-animal relationships near the centre of their practices, not least in orthopaedic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
18. The Rise of The Medical Research Council and The Politics of Control.
- Author
-
Degeling, Chris
- Subjects
- *
RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews the book "Control and the Therapeutic Trial"Rhetoric and Experimentation in Britain, 1918-48," by Martin Edwards.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.