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Objective: The scope of this paper is to review the subtypes of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke (mS) in which a surgical treatment is needed, discussing the importance and the timing of a multidisciplinary approach, in order to achieve an optimized management and prevent major strokes or other critical complications. Materials and methods: The keywords "transient ischemic attack," "minor stroke," "surgical treatment," "vascular surgery," "heart surgery," "neurosurgery," and "multidisciplinary" were searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. Relevant search results were discussed by the authors for references inclusion. Results: Notwithstanding that best medical therapy is usually the first choice for the most part of cases, there are specific but recurrent etiologies that must be properly recognized because of a potential surgical approach, even in urgency. In fact, symptomatic carotid stenosis, or particular cases of hemodynamic cerebrovascular events, should be promptly referred to vascular surgeon, since increasing evidences highlighted a benefit from an early artery revascularization. In addition, beyond arrhythmic causes, cardioembolic events due to bacterial endocarditis and atrial myxoma should be quickly diagnosed, possibly in emergency department, because they are a presumptive urgency for heart surgery. In addition to the above-mentioned conditions, in patients suffering from vertebrobasilar TIA or mS, clinicians should keep in mind the Bow Hunter disease, because surgical artery decompression can represent the only suitable treatment in selected cases. Conclusions: TIA and mS require a multidisciplinary in order to discuss therapeutic options, comparing risks and benefits and determining the best timing for an optimized management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the plaque composition in neuropathic type 2 diabetic subjects with and without Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) undergoing multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography (MDCT-CA). The study was a single-center, observational, with unmatched case-control design. We selected 17 CN patients and 18 patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN) without CN. In all the patients, multidetector computed tomography was performed to assess the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and degree of coronary artery stenosis. Patients were classified as positive in the presence of significant CAD if there was at least one stenosis >50 % on MDCT-CA. The invasive coronary angiography was performed in case of significant stenosis detected with MDCT-CA, both as reference to standard and eventually as treatment. Groups were matched for age, sex, and traditional CAD risk factors. As compared to DN individuals, CN exhibited higher rates of significant coronary stenoses ( p = 0.027; OR 7.7 [1.3-43.5]). However, no significant differences were observed in the CACS, which reflects plaque burden, in the two groups ( p = 0.759). No significant differences were observed comparing CACS distribution in all subjects for stenosis higher/equal or lower than 50 % ( p = 0.320). Finally, no significant differences were observed comparing CACS distribution in CN and DN subjects for coronary stenoses higher/equal or lower than 50 %. Our results suggest that CN patients have a higher prevalence of severe coronary plaques compared to DN patients. Nevertheless, coronary plaques in CN patients did not exhibit an increased degree of calcification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the possible effect of depth on the connectivity and genetic variability in red coral ( Corallium rubrum; Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) populations. Patterns of genetic structuring along a depth gradient (from 20 to 70 m) were investigated in two locations of the western Mediterranean coast (northern Catalan and eastern Ligurian Seas) using 10 microsatellite loci. Strong patterns of genetic structuring among the samples were found both within and between the two study sites. In both locations, consistent patterns of reduction in genetic variability along the depth gradient were also observed, suggesting that depth has an important role in determining the patterns of genetic structure in Corallium rubrum. Moreover, a threshold in connectivity was observed among the samples collected across 40-50 m depth, supporting the hypothesis that discrete shallow- and deep-water red coral populations occur. This finding has major implications for management strategies and the conservation of commercially exploited deep red coral populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ratio of branching fractions of the W decaying to τ and e leptons is measured using $$\bar pp$$ collisions at $$\sqrt s = 630$$ GeV. The ratio of the electroweak charged current couplings to the W is then determined to be g/ g=0.997±0.056 (stat.)±0.042 (syst.). The decay mode Z→τ→τ is observed and also found to be consistent with e-τ universality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the two-jet mass spectrum measured with the UA 2 calorimeter has revealed a signal from hadronic decays of W and Z bosons above a large background. Production and decay properties of the signal have been measured. The combined production cross-section σ· B( W, Z → two jets) is 9.6±2.3 (stat.)±1.1 (syst.) nb, compared with an expectation of 5.8 nb calculated to order α. A limit on the production cross-section of additional heavy vector bosons decaying into two jets is given as a function of the boson mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transverse momentum distributions of W and Z bosons produced in $$\bar pp$$ collisions at $$\sqrt s = 630 GeV$$ are examined. Comparisons are made with QCD predictions, and good agreement is found. The fraction of W bosons produced with p>25 GeV is found to be 3.8±0.6(stat)(syst)%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results on the production cross sections of W and Z bosons detected in the UA2 experiment are given based on a large sample of W→ eν and Z→ e e decays. The measured cross sections are σ = 660±15(stat)±37(syst)pb, σ = 70.4±5.5(stat)±4.0(syst)pb and their ratio R=9.38(stat)±0.25(syst). In the framework of the Standard Model, the measured value of R is used to determine the total width of the W, Γ( W)=2.30±0.19(stat)±0.06(syst) GeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upgraded UA 2 detector has collected data corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 7.5 pb from $$\bar pp$$ collisions at a centre of mass energy of 630 GeV during 1988 and 1989. A search has been performed for the production and decay of the top quark ( t) or a member of a hypothetical fourth family ( b′). No evidence has been found for such processes. Using the expected rates for production and decay branching ratios from the Standard Model, this implies that the top quark mass is greater than 69(71) GeV/c, and that the b′ mass is greater than 54(57) GeV/c, at 95(90)% confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A measurement of the direct production of photons with high transverse momentum from $$\bar pp$$ collisions at $$\sqrt s = 630$$ GeV is presented. The structure of events containing a high transverse momentum photon is studied. The results support predictions from QCD theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the energy density distribution in harronic final states as a function of their total transverse energy measured in the segmented central calorimeter of the UA2 detector. The energy dependence of collective shape variables is investigated. The data, collected at the CERN $$\bar p$$ p Collider at $$\sqrt s = 630$$ GeV, exhibit strong variations in all these variables over the transverse energy range between 15 and 210 GeV, corresponding to substantial modifications in the structure of multihadronic final states. The evolution of the energy density distribution and of the collective shape variables shows a clear transition between two extreme dynamical regimes, respectively dominated by p-limited phase space and by collimated two-jet configurations. A study of the relative populations of two-and three-jet systems reveals two different sources of configurations having three distinct lobes in the pattern of the energy-flow. A first component, steeply falling with energy, receives substantial contributions from soft parton collisions at lower transverse energies. Above 60 GeV a new hard component emerges, characterized by an approximately constant rate with respect to the dominant two-jet structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have measured the inclusive cross-section for π production at large transverse momentum by 200 GeV/c positive and negative hadron beams on Carbon targets (2.9< P<6 GeV/c; −0.4< y<1.2). We used the NA3 spectrometer at the CERN SPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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