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Purpose: To investigate if facial and dental satisfaction is related to body fat percentage and body weight satisfaction. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to adolescents from a Private School in Southern Brazil containing sociodemographic (sex and age) and self-perception variables. Adolescents were asked about their perceptions concerning dental problems. Body fat percentage was collected using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: A total of 372 adolescents were examined. Most adolescents were satisfied with their dental (81.7%) and facial appearance (87.6%), while 39% of adolescents were satisfied with their body weight. Poisson regression model showed that adolescents who expressed satisfaction with their body weight (PR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06–1.19) and were satisfied with their dental appearance (PR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.08–1.41) exhibited a positive association with facial satisfaction. Adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80–0.97), those reporting dental pain (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80–0.97), and individuals with obesity (PR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.83–0.99) demonstrated a decrease in facial satisfaction. Adolescents aged 16 to 19 years (PR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15) and those satisfied with their facial appearance (PR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.01–1.43) exhibited a higher prevalence of dental satisfaction. Conversely, adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.66–0.82) and those with misaligned teeth (PR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.55–0.73) reported lower levels of dental satisfaction. Parametric g-formula analysis found that the association between body fat and facial satisfaction was mediated by body weight satisfaction (p = 0.001). Conclusions: While dental satisfaction was not influenced by corporeal characteristics, facial satisfaction was influenced by dental and body weight satisfaction. Obese adolescents had low facial satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the combined finite-size and thermo-magnetic effects on the properties of the quark matter, in the context of the two-flavored Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. In particular, by using the mean-field approximation and the Schwinger proper time method in a toroidal topology with periodic or antiperiodic conditions, we evaluate the chiral phase transition, the constituent quark mass and the thermal and spatial susceptibilities under the change of the size, temperature and strength of external magnetic field. To take into account the inverse magnetic catalysis phenomenon, we make use of a recently proposed magnetized coupling constant. The findings suggest that the observables are strongly affected by the variation of the variables and also by the periodicity of the boundary conditions, with the final outcomes depending on the balance of these competing phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Analyze the association between parental stress and dental caries experience in adolescents in southern Brazil using data from the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort. Methods: Interviews and oral health examinations for the determination of the main exposure and outcome of the study were performed in the homes of the adolescents. The outcome was dental caries experience in the permanent dentition analyzed using the Decayed, Missing and Filling Surfaces (DMFS) index. The main exposure was parental stress measured using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form administered to the parents of the adolescents. Demographic/socioeconomic characteristics, oral health characteristics and oral health-related quality of life were considered potential confounding factors. Negative binomial regressions estimated mean ratios (MR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Nine hundred ninety-six adolescents were evaluated at 12 and 13 years of age. The prevalence of dental caries experience in the adolescents was 36.9% (95% CI: 33.8–40.0) and 15.1% (95% CI: 12.8–17.3) of the parents had parental stress. After adjusting for confounding factors, parental stress was associated with a higher mean number of decayed, missing and filling surfaces in the adolescents (MR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.26; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Adolescents of parents with parental stress have more dental caries experience compared to those whose parents do not have parental stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant by-products of large swine industries, such as slaughterhouse sludge and carcasses, require adequate treatment to prevent negative effects of their direct disposal in the open environment. This study is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of composting using meal from dead pigs through physicochemical analyses and phytotoxic assays. Five treatments were tested, all including 50% sawdust: T1, with 50% slaughterhouse sludge (control); T2, with 20% slaughterhouse sludge and 30% meal from dead pigs; T3, with 10% slaughterhouse sludge and 40% meal from dead pigs; T4, with 20% organic stabilizing compost and 30% meal from dead pigs and T5, with 30% organic stabilizing compost and 20% meal from dead pigs. The phytotoxicity assays used lettuce, cucumber, celia, soybean, rice and wheat as bioindicators. Inclusion of meal from dead pigs was related to reduction in pH, C/N ratio, humidity and temperatures inside the pile, although thermophilic peaks lasted longer than 50 days and the final composts showed high content of nitrogen and phosphorous. The germination of bioindicators was reduced in all tested treatments, compared to the control. The composts from treatments that included meal from dead pigs presented acceptable nutrient content, which may indicate their use as organic fertilizers. However, after 4 months, all bioindicators in contact with such composts presented impaired germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This is the first study to adopt a multilevel approach to assess the impact of the order of dental visits on child's behaviour. The aim was to investigate which factors directly interfere with child's behaviour regardless of the order of sequential dental visits. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, children aged 7–12 years were invited to participate. Child behaviour was assessed using the Frankl Scale during four sequential dental visits. Chi-square test was used to analyse the effect of dental fear on children's non-cooperative behaviour according to the presence of dental fear. Multilevel mixed logistic regression model was used to assess the association between predictor variables and the outcome (child behaviour) during the sequential dental visits. Results: Overall, 111 children participated in this study. Maternal dental anxiety, dental pain and complexity of the treatment were associated with the non-cooperative behaviour in children aged 7–12 years. When stratified by dental fear, the complexity of the treatment remained associated with non-cooperative behaviour. Conclusions: The results provide evidence that, even with the familiarization of child with the dental environment, maternal dental anxiety, dental pain in the last month, and the complexity of dental treatment negatively affect the children's behaviour aged 7–12 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study effects coming from finite size, chemical potential and from a magnetic background on a massive version of a four-fermion interacting model. This is performed in four dimensions as an application of recent developments for dealing with field theories defined on toroidal spaces. We study effects of the magnetic field and chemical potential on the size-dependent phase structure of the model, in particular, how the applied magnetic field affects the size-dependent critical temperature. A connection with some aspects of the hadronic phase transition is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]